997 resultados para Recém-nascidos - Cuidado e higiene
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - ICT
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Technology advances and scientific studies in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) have contributed significantly to reduce mortality and morbidity of at-risk newborns (NB). However, they are more likely to present neurological and/or developmental psychomotor delay with neurological and sensory alterations. Therefore, proposals for neonatal intervention were developed with the aim of protecting the baby and offering appropriate incentives to minimize the effects of hospital intervention. To this end, programs of protective measures such as the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) were developed. Given the relevance of the issue described, this systematic review critically appraises articles from the national and international literature, published in recent years (from 2000 to 2011), that describe whether the KMC can be a protective factor for the development of writing in premature infants. The textual search was conducted using the Virtual Health Library (VHL), a website that covers publications worldwide, allowing access to articles from health science, including LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and SciELO, as database. The findings revealed that infants who participated in the KMC program showed improvements in their development and that factors such as low-birth-weight prematurity and learning disorders have close relationship with the onset of motor impairments and changes in psychomotor development. The findings showed no articles describing the KMC as a protective factor for the incidence of dysgraphia. Thus, we emphasize the importance of conducting further studies on these topics.
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Introduction: Scientific evidence indicates that neonatal exposure to ototoxic drugs cause hearing loss in newborns. Objective: To characterize the use of ototoxic antibiotics in newborns (NB), treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and evaluate possible hearing modifications. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative approach, using data from medical records of infants who were at some time in the NICU and used antibiotics, including ototoxic, from January to June 2004 as much as 2010, and the data were compared and analyzed. Parents/guardians of infants born in 2004 were contacted and applied a questionnaire containing questions about the children’s hearing. These children were submitted to audiological evaluation. Results: There was significant reduction in the time of use, the amount of antibiotics prescribed to newborns and Vancomycin prescription in 2010 compared to 2004. The hearing tests of 13 born in 2004 showed: sensorineural hearing loss in only 2 (one with moderate hearing loss and descending configuration in pure tone audiometry and the other with bilateral cochlear impairment); audiometric thresholds within the normal range in 11 patients, and the presence of otoacoustic emissions in 9. In Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) no changes were observed. Conclusion: The reduction in the time of use, the amount and types of antibiotics observed may be related to the adoption of a Protocol in 2008, by the service. In contrast, auditory alterations may be related to a neonatal exposure to antibiotics in 2004.
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This study aimed at apprehending and analyzing the perspective of Primary Health Care managers concerning nurses’ work in Children’s Health Surveillance in a city in São Paulo state. The study population consisted of eight professionals from different professional categories with direct activity in the city’s management of the population’s Health Surveillance. It is a descriptive, qualitative study. Data were collected by means of recorded semi-structured interviews. The framework used for data analysis was the thematic Content Analysis Method. The results were systematized into three themes: 1- Managers’ conceptualizations concerning Children’s Health Surveillance and its application in practice; 2- Managers’ perspectives concerning nurses’ work in Children’s Health Surveillance; 3- Qualification of Children’s Health Surveillance under the view of the municipal management. The conceptualizations concerning Children’s Health Surveillance that were apprehended showed to be convergent as they indicated this model’s appropriateness to identify and prioritize children’s care in vulnerability conditions in the territory where they live. However, some managers did not include, in their statements, health promotion aspects as one of the cornerstones of their managerial action. Nurses were considered to be fundamental in the Children’s Health Surveillance process due to their competencies and responsibilities undertaken in this health provision level. The main difficulties for adequate implementation of Children’s Health Surveillance in Primary Health Care and the proposal to overcome them were pointed out. It was concluded that, under the managers’ perspectives, nurses can greatly contribute to Children’s Health Surveillance in Primary Health Care as members of the health care team; however, to that end, they need professional qualification, structural conditions and institutional support with that regard
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O presente trabalho foi elaborado e realizado a fim de se demonstrar a importância da lavagem das mãos no cotidiano, uma vez que mãos humanas podem ser consideradas fonte de diversos agentes etiológicos de doenças que podem comprometer a saúde principalmente de pacientes debilitados. Para tanto, foram aplicados testes de sensibilidade a sabonetes utilizando-se métodos normatizados e validados pelo CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standartds Institute) e, por fim, foi verificado o efeito dos mesmos sobre biofilmes formados a partir de espécies e cepas fúngicas conseguidas por meio de lavagens das mãos de voluntários. As amostras utilizadas foram sabonetes em barra adquiridos do comércio, um de formulação bactericida (com adição de extrato de própolis) e outro de formulação comum. Foram realizadas lavagens com os sabonetes-amostra e água destilada, dentro de fluxo laminar, onde foi possível recolher a água usada no enxágüe. A partir do plaqueamento (em meio Sabouraud-dextrose com cloranfenicol 0,05%) das mãos voluntárias sem assepsia prévia, da água de lavagem e das mãos lavadas foram obtidas culturas fúngicas. Essas culturas foram selecionadas de acordo com a viabilidade de isolamento, e então foi feita a identificação das espécies. Através da triagem pelo método de identificação por ChromagarTM Candida, foi possível identificar que duas colônias obtidas das lavagens das mãos foram identificadas como C. krusei e C. albicans. C. albicans ainda pôde ser confirmada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Uma coleção de 57 amostras de Staphylococcus aureus e 30 de estafilococos coagulasenegativa isoladas de recém-nascidos (RN) foram estudadas em relação à presença dos genes pvl, mecA e ica. Das 57 amostras de S. aureus, 31,6% apresentaram o gene mecA e 17,5% os genes pvl, sendo que dentre estas somente uma amostra foi mecA e pvl positiva. Os ECN apresentaram 36,7% de amostras mecA positivas, 93,3% ica positivas e nenhuma amostra pvl. Foi observada uma queda no número de amostras resistentes à meticilina no período de 1991-2005 para os S. aureus e também no período de 1990- 1996 para os ECN, porém a diferença não foi significativa. Também foram estudadas dez amostras de S. aureus isoladas de fossa nasal e nenhuma apresentou o gene mecA ou pvl. Já entre as dez amostras de ECN isoladas de fossa nasal, todas apresentaram o gene 11 ica, porém nenhuma foi resistente à meticilina. A análise dos dados clínicos dos RN revelou que o uso de cateter e outros corpos estranhos aumentam o risco de infecção por S. aureus e ECN. Assim, a produção de biofilme por ECN foi um importante fator de virulência presente em mais de 90% das amostras, confirmando a importância deste na ocorrência de infecções relacionadas com cateteres, e, apesar dos genes mecA e pvl estarem presentes concomitantemente em apenas uma amostra de S. aureus, esta revelou ter importância significativa
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O Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN), popularmente conhecido como “Teste do Pezinho”, é responsável pelo rastreamento das seguintes doenças nos recém-nascidos brasileiros: Fenilcetonúria, Hipotiroidismo Congênito, Doenças Falciformes e demais Hemoglobinopatias, e Fibrose Cística. Seu objetivo é o diagnóstico precoce dessas doenças congênitas em fase assintomática, buscando prevenir o aparecimento de sequelas neurológicas e outras complicações por meio do acompanhamento e tratamento adequados. O PNTN, além de realizar o diagnóstico pré-clínico de doenças que constituem problemas de saúde pública, gera informações que podem ser usadas em estudos epidemiológicos fundamentais para o planejamento de programas de saúde. Para que esse sistema seja completo, no entanto, é necessário haver o treinamento dos profissionais da saúde envolvidos no assunto, bem como a implantação de atividades educativas para estes e para o público em geral. Neste contexto, este estudo retrospectivo propõe investigar a relação de resultados alterados das doenças detectadas pelo PNTN entre os meses de abril e dezembro de 2009 e janeiro e dezembro de 2010 no município de Araraquara, verificar se as primeiras coletas de sangue estão sendo feitas segundo as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde e capacitar agentes comunitários da saúde nesse assunto. Foram analisados 4.116 resultados. Não houve diferença significativa entre as prevalências obtidas em 2009 e 2010, ou seja, as freqüências das patologias estudadas se mantiveram praticamente constantes ao longo dos dois períodos
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This qualitative study aimed at apprehending conceptualizations and at describing experiences of nurses working in the Family Health Strategy in a medium-sized city in São Paulo state in relation to Children’s Health Surveillance, with a special focus on nursing consultation. Data were collected from 12 nurses by means of recorded semi-structured interviews that were analyzed according to the Thematic Content Analysis Method. Results were systematized into four themes: Conceptualizations about Children’s Health Surveillance; Children’s Health Surveillance in the practice of the Family Health Strategy; Nursing consultation and Children’s Health Surveillance; Proposals to qualify Children’s Health Surveillance in the realm of the Family Health Strategy. It was possible to apprehend amplified and actual conceptualizations of Children’s Health Surveillance as well as to describe experiences surrounded by difficulties to incorporate the premises of this form of Children’s Health Care in the Family Health Strategy. Nursing consultation was noteworthy as a privileged moment, but not unique, to develop such practice. Finally, based on nurses’ proposals, the importance of triggering permanent education processes targeted at these themes in family-health services was considered
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB