Nuevas orientaciones para la gestión pública

Incluye Bibliografía

Una síntesis de la propuesta de la CEPAL

Incluye Bibliografía

Gasto militar y el desarrollo en América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Las empresas transnacionales en la economía chilena

Incluye Bibliografía

The transnational corporations in the Chilean economy

Includes bibliography

Microelectronics and Latin American development

Includes bibliography

The transnational corporations and Latin America's international trade

Includes bibliography

Ethanol addition as a strategy for start-up and acclimation of an AnSBBR for the treatment of landfill leachate

This study evaluated the ethanol addition as a strategy for start-up and acclimation of a pilot scale (1300 L) anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) for the treatment of municipal landfill leachate with seasonal biodegradability variations. The treatment was carried out at ambient temperature (23.8 ± 2.1 °C) in the landfill area. In a first attempt, the leachate collected directly from landfill showed to be predominantly recalcitrant to anaerobic treatment and the acclimation was not possible. In a second attempt, adding ethanol to leachate, the reactor was successfully acclimated. After acclimation, without ethanol addition, the CODTotal influent ranged from 4970 to 13040 mg L-1 and the removal efficiencies ranged from 12.1% to 70.7%. A final test was carried out increasing the ammonia and free-ammonia concentration from 2486 mgN L-1 and 184 mgN L-1 to 4519 mgN L-1 and 634 mgN L-1, respectively, with no expressive inhibition verified. The start-up strategy was found to be feasible, providing the acclimation of the biomass in the AnSBBR, and maintaining the biomass active even when the leachate was recalcitrant. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

CD95 (FAS) and CD178 (FASL) induce the apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ cells isolated from the peripheral blood and spleen of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania spp

Infected dogs are urban reservoirs of Leishmania chagasi, which is a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Dogs exhibit immune suppression during the course of this disease, and lymphocyte apoptosis is involved in this process. To investigate apoptosis and the expression levels of FAS-FAS-associated death domain protein (CD95 or APO-1), FASL-FAS ligand protein (CD178), and TRAIL-TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (CD253) receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spleen leukocytes from 38 symptomatic dogs with moderate VL and 25 healthy dogs were evaluated by flow cytometry. The apoptosis rate of blood and splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells was higher in infected dogs than in healthy dogs. The expression levels of FAS and FASL in blood and splenic CD4+ cells were lower in infected dogs than in healthy dogs. FAS expression in CD8+ cells was higher in infected dogs than in healthy dogs; in contrast, FASL expression was lower in infected dogs. The expression of the TRAIL receptor increased only in splenic CD8+ cells from infected dogs. The FAS and FAS-L blocking antibodies confirmed the importance of these receptors in apoptosis. Our results enhance the current understanding of the immune response in dogs infected with L. chagasi, facilitating the future development of therapeutic interventions to reduce lymphocyte depletion. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Papel del Estado y reforma de la gestión pública

Incluye Bibliografía

Chile ante el NAFTA y otros acuerdos comerciales: una perspectiva ambiental

Incluye Bibliografía

Principios de tarificación eléctrica

Incluye Bibliografía

Coordinación de proclamas de electrificación en centroamérica: análisis especial para Honduras y El Salvador

Este informe fue presentado también a la Segunda Reunión del Subcomité de Electrificación del Comité de Cooperación Económica del Istmo Centroamericano (Doc. E/CN. 12/CCE/SC.9/7)

Microelectrónica y el desarrollo de América Latina: problemas y posibilidades de acción = Microelectronics and the development of Latin America: problems and possibilities for action

Incluye Bibliografía

Tendencias de cambio en la estratificación social chilena 1970-1980

Incluye Bibliografía