Avaliação energética econômica do agroecossistema algodão: uma abordagem entre sistemas familiares de produção do Paraguai e do Brasil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil). Family systems of the two countries were identified; these are located from Paraguay (San Juan–CA) and from Brazil (Leme–SP). To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended (fossil fuel 56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. The Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from fossil fuel (33.59%); it reached an energy balance of 19,547.88 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 2.12, and a cultural efficiency index of 0.71. In the economic and energy indicator ratio, with regard to the months referring to the harvest time, that is to say, March, April, and May, the maximum economic efficiency indicator of paraguay was attained in the month of May (1,00), and from Brazil in the month of May (1,71). Both production systems analyzed were presented efficient, however, dependent of external circumstances and non-renewable energy sources.

Valiação energética e econômica do agroecossistema algodão: uma abordagem entre sistemas familiares de produção do Paraguai e Brasil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil). Family systems of the two countries were identified; these are located from Paraguay (San Juan–CA) and from Brazil (Leme–SP). To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended (fossil fuel 56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. The Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from fossil fuel (33.59%); it reached an energy balance of 19,547.88 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 2.12, and a cultural efficiency index of 0.71. In the economic and energy indicator ratio, with regard to the months referring to the harvest time, that is to say, March, April, and May, the maximum economic efficiency indicator of paraguay was attained in the month of May (1,00), and from Brazil in the month of May (1,71). Both production systems analyzed were presented efficient, however, dependent of external circumstances and non-renewable energy sources.

Agroecologia: aspectos comparativos Brasil-França

O artigo aborda alguns aspectos do desenvolvimento e do papel da Agroecologia, no Brasil e na França, com o objetivo de traçar um panorama comparativo da evolução recente considerando a polissemia do termo. Assim, a trajetória da Agroecologia foi comparada enquanto ciência, prática agrícola, movimento social e ética de vida. A pesquisa teve um caráter descritivo/qualitativo, utilizando documentos bibliográficos e investigação de sites específicos da Internet. Como conclusão podemos considerar que existem muitos pontos comuns entre os dois países, no que diz respeito aos princípios da Agroecologia, os objetivos e as instituições que fazem a mediação com a temática. A Agroecologia como ciência é vista pelos intelectuais dos dois países como um paradigma na direção de um desenvolvimento sustentável para o campo e também para a cidade. Porém, no Brasil a Agroecologia tem muito mais a ver com a questão social enquanto bandeira de luta pela diminuição das desigualdades sócio-econômicas do que como práticas agronômicas de bases ecológicas, significado mais difundido na França por conta da agricultura biologicamente intensiva. Como conclusão geral podemos dizer que as idéias podem ser as mesmas no Brasil e na França, mas as condições objetivas do desenvolvimento são muito diferentes.

Consumo de combustível de um trator agrícola em função do tipo de soloe da pressão de inflação nos pneus utilizando o equipamento canteirador

Agricultural mechanization improved the efficiency of field operations by providing an increase in crop production. The intensified mechanization, however, has led to higher energy use mainly in the area of fuel consumption. The objective of this study was to compare the fuel consumption of tractors using two different tire pressures for two different types of soil during tillage with irrigated cotton in semi-arid regions. These tests were performed at the Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC), an experimental farm belonging to The University of Arizona with a Case 4x2 TDA 88kW equipped with an autopilot system. The results showed lower fuel consumption using a tire pressure of 124 kPa on sandy clay loan soil.

Consumo de combustível de um trator agrícola no preparo do solo para a cultura do algodão irrigado em função da pressão de inflação nos pneus

Currently, the efficiency in field operations and the increased productivity of crops is only possible with the use of agricultural machinery and equipment. This intensification of mechanized activities in agriculture, however, led to higher energy costs on farms mainly in the fuel consumption of agricultural tractors. The objective was to compare the fuel consumption of a tractor on tillage operations for irrigated cotton in semi-arid region varying two tire inflation pressures. The tests were conducted in Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC), an experimental farm belonging to The University of Arizona using a 4x2 TDA Case tractor equipped with a 88kw autopilot system. The results showed lower values in the hourly fuel consumption by using the minimum tire inflation pressure of 124 kPa for all tillage equipment used.

Comparação do custo de produção do crambe (Cambe abyssinica Hochst) com outras culturas oleaginosas em sistema de plantio direto

Biodiesel is a reality in Brazil, due to the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use (PNPB), which became mandatory in 2008 in adding 2% biodiesel in all diesel sold in a blend known as B2. The agribusiness sector responded to the federal program, facing many difficulties in biodiesel production, which highlights the supply of raw material. Problems related to biodiesel production were mainly the shortage of vegetable oil, because of demand from domestic and foreign markets, and rising prices of raw materials available for production, making this biofuel production economically feasible, even in Brazil, where agricultural production costs are among the most competitive in the world. The crambe is a specie that has aroused the interest of Brazilian producers due to oil content, hardiness, and mechanized cultivation, mainly for being a winter crop, it becomes one more option for farmers in this period. In addition, you can compose systems of crop rotation as well as being used as ground cover in winter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for productive and cost of production of crambe, conducted in no-tillage system, to compare these parameters with other oil crops such as sunflower, canola and soybean. The trial was conducted in the agricultural year 2008 at the Experimental Farm Lageado belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in Botucatu - SP. The estimated yield was 1.507,05 kg ha-1, resulting in a production of 561,94 liters of oil per hectare. The cost of installation and conduct of crambe per hectare was R$ 875,87, resulting in a cost of R$ 1,56 per liter of oil, the lowest cost among the oilseed crops analyzed.

Doses de superfosfato simples na produção da berinjela ‘ciça’ em cassilândia (MS) Brasil

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the answer of the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) submitted to different applied match doses in the planting hole. The treatments were composed by four doses of simple superphosphate (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 kg.ha-1), the experimental design was randomized block, with five repetitions, tends each unit experimental four plants. The phosphorus fertilized soil propitiated increase of the diameter of the lap of the adult plant, of the number of fruits for plant and productivity of fruits; could be used doses among 1814 to 2054 kg ha-1 of simple superphosphate in the conditions of Cassilandia (State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil).

Acúmulo de macronutrientes e produtividade de genótipos de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) em função da adubação nitrogenada no sistema plantio direto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo diagnóstico e taxonômico de cochonilhas (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associadas às plantas cítricas no estado de Sâo Paulo, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de biomassa e teor de cumarina em folhas de guaco (Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker) em diferentes idades da planta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produtividade e qualidade de grãos da cultura do feijão em função do uso de fertilizante nitrogenado de liberação lenta via foliar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Simulação para a otimização da colheita da cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Produção de biomassa e teor de cumarina em folhas de guaco (Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker) em diferentes idades da planta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produtividade e qualidade de grãos da cultura do feijão em função do uso de fertilizante nitrogenado de liberação lenta via foliar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Simulação para a otimização da colheita da cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA