Modelling of waterfront cantilever sheet pile walls subjected to earthquake loading

The seismic performance of waterfront cantilever sheet pile retaining walls is of continuing interest to geotechnical engineers as these structures suffer severe damage and even complete failure during earthquakes. This is often precipitated by liquefaction of the surrounding soil, either in the backfill or in front of the wall. This paper presents results from a series of small-scale plane strain models that were tested on a 1-g shaking table and recorded using a high-speed, high-resolution digital camera. The technique of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was applied in order to allow the failure mechanisms to be visualised. It is shown that using PIV analyses it is possible to obtain failure mechanisms for a cantilever wall in liquefiable soil. These failure mechanisms are compared with those obtained for a cantilever wall in dry soil, previously carried out at a similar scale. It was observed that seismic liquefaction causes significant displacement in much larger zones of soil near the retaining wall compared to an equivalent dry case. The failure mechanism for a cantilever wall with liquefiable backfill, but with a remediated zone designed not to liquefy, is also presented and compared to the unremediated case.

Scale structure, age and growth in the freshwater carp, Labeo calbasu (Pisces/Cyprinidae) from Harike wetland, India

Age structure and growth profile based on the scale studies of 468 specimens ranging from 17-62 cm total length of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) from Harike wetland (30°13'N, 75°12'E), Punjab, India have been described, the present study showed better growth in terms of two important growth parameters namely index of species average size and population weight-growth intensity. Two distinct phases in its life history have been described that indicates the optimum exploitation of this species from this water body. Harvestable size is found to be fish of 34 cm total length. The detailed structural elaboration of scale (normal, regenerated, lateral line) has also been done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Techno-economic analysis of production and marketing of marine by-products in India

Marine by-products coming under the ancillary products group found many applications in pharmaceutical and industrial sectors. Although many of these products are fetching very high price at the export market, adequate statistics regarding their current production, marketing and utilisation is lacking. The present analysis deals with the production potential, level of exploitation, uses, export growth rate and potential for the future of some of these marine by-products. The analysis revealed that an estimated quantity of 205 t. of shells, 10 t. of gastropod operculum, 4,932 t. of shark liver oil and 4,384 t. of shark cartilage could be produced annually in India with the current landings. The production potential of chitin is estimated as 3,560 t. from shrimp shell wastes and 1,354 t. from crab shell wastes. The high unit value of different products clearly indicates the scope for their development by evolving appropriate utilisation and marketing strategies.

Evaluation of biochemical characteristics of a traditional salt fermented fish product of northeast India with special reference to its flavour components

'Lona ilish', is a traditional salt fermented fish product, widely consumed and very popular in north-east part of India and Bangladesh. It is prepared exclusively from a high fat fish, Hilsa (Tenualosa) ilisha. 'Lona ilish' was prepared in the laboratory following traditional process. After 150 days of fermentation, a better quality 'lona ilish' was obtained. Biochemical characteristics of market sample was estimated and compared with the laboratory prepared one. A variation in biochemical composition was observed. Sensory quality of the final product of laboratory prepared 'lona ilish' was compared with the market sample and found that the laboratory prepared product scored better than the market sample. The moisture (49.89%) and salt (15.48%) of the final product was found to be satisfactory for stability of the 'lona ilish' at ambient temperature. Analysis of volatile compounds of 'lona ilish' was done using GC-MS. It was concluded that, aldehydes, ketones and esters may possibly contribute characteristic aromas to the overall flavour of the salt fermented hilsa.

Some problems and issues of sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems of Tamil Nadu, India

Mangrove, a tidal wetland, is a good example of complex land and water system whose resource attributes is neither fully understood from an ecological perspective nor valued comprehensively in economic terms. With increased ecological and social perception of the functions of wetlands, the utility and relative values will increase. The perception, however, varies from society to society. It must be recognized that mangrove forests differ greatly in local conditions and in their ability to produce a wide variety of economic products. What may be highly productive strategy for one country may have little meaning to its neighbor. Therefore, it becomes essential that from among diversity of potential uses of the mangrove environment, specific uses will have to be decided, and management plan developed on site, or area specific basis. It is therefore necessary to arrive at a balance between the views of the ecologists and economists on the management of mangroves. Biological conservation should encompass resource management in the sense that integrity of the biological and physical attributes of the resource base should be sustained and man-induced management practices should not alter an ecosystem to the extent that biological production is eliminated. Sustained yield management for food, fiber and fuel would serve to sustain local fisheries while generating new economic enterprises. This requires the recognition of mangrove environment as a resource with economic value, and managed according to local conditions and national priorities.

Dibujantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo: María Cristina Estivariz.

En este número de la Serie Documentos presentamos a María Cristina Estivariz, ilustradora científica que extendió su labor a otras manifestaciones plásticas. Durante su paso como estudiante de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, ingresa al CONICET a la carrera CPA bajo la dirección del Dr. Ricardo Ronderos y posteriormente se incorpora al CEPAVE, donde crea el Laboratorio de Ilustración Científica.. Entre sus actividades, realizó numerosas ilustraciones de Trabajos científicos, tesis doctorales, ilustraciones de trabajos inéditos, comunicaciones a congresos, simposios reuniones científicas, libros algunos de ellos sobre la enseñanza de la ilustración científica. Exposiciones como organizadora e integrante en el marco de congresos de biología museos y galerías. Realizo maquetas y dioramas para diferentes salas del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata, y sellos postales para el Correo Argentino. Desarrolló una labor artística como miniaturista en biología. En 1985 crea el curso de Introducción a la Ilustración Científica, pasantías de formación y actividades de extensión sobre Ilustración Científica. Este archivo, además de revelar las dotes de ilustradora científica y plásticas de la Sra. Estivariz, muestra que el Museo de La Plata es un generador, no sólo del conocimiento, sino también del virtuosismo de sus integrantes.

Taxidermia en el Museo de La Plata.

En esta edición se intenta documentar en orden cronológico de incorporación laboral, la actividad de aquellos preparadores que desarrollaron tareas en el Taller de Taxidermia, el que, a partir de la década de los 30 del pasado siglo, pasó a depender de la División Zoología Vertebrados; se incluyen la imágenes de algunas de las piezas por ellos realizadas y la documentación disponible. Probablemente habrá omisiones y desde luego existen huecos que no pudimos completar, debido a que nos basamos en documentación incompleta y relatos de integrantes de la División Zoología Vertebrados, algunos que ya cesaron en sus funciones, sin la posibilidad de recurrir a más fuentes. Es nuestra intención plasmar una parte importante de la historia de nuestra institución, de la que se desconoce la dedicación y paciencia necesarias por parte de los involucrados para efectuar una tarea casi artística, para que al fin los ejemplares puedan exhibirse o pasar a formar parte de las colecciones científicas, además de la posterior conservación y tratamiento especial que requieren.

Dibujantes del Museo de La Plata: Luis Gerado Pagano.

Esta serie tiene como propósito mostrar diferentes expresiones artísticas relacionadas con la Ictiología nacional y regional, generadas en diferentes épocas y que surgen por diversas motivaciones personales que, en algún caso, muestran casi con exactitud a los modelos que inspiraron la obra, en otras, por lo contrario, responden a la imaginación y creatividad del autor. En este artículo se documenta la prometedora faceta artística de Luis Gerardo Pagano, a quien ya podemos considerar un artista platense. Su habilidad para el dibujo se manifiesta en sus ilustraciones científicas y en las obras sin editar que realiza casi como un juego. Aquí presentamos algunas de ellas con el objeto de dar a conocer estos personajes ocultos para la mayoría de la gente, en muchos casos aún dentro del mismo ambiente y con la esperanza de que prosiga desarrollando su trayectoria que seguramente será exitosa si él se lo propone.

La colección de huevos del Museo de La Plata: especies de Eurasia, Oceanía, África y Norteamérica.

La difusión de datos de las colecciones biológicas es importante, sin embargo su divulgación es escasa. En esta publicación se informa sobre los huevos depositados en la Sección Ornitología del Museo de La Plata. Los mismos son producto de compras, donaciones o de ejemplares provenientes de cautiverio. El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer las especies de aves de Eurasia, África, Oceanía y América del Norte representadas en esta colección oológica. Esta colección cuenta con aproximadamente 3.800 huevos, 99 de los cuales pertenecen a aves de las regiones que ocupa este estudio. Se destaca Europa (n= 82), seguido por África (n= 6), Oceanía (n= 5), América del Norte (n=3) y Asia (n= 2). Los huevos de estas regiones representan a 17 órdenes, 37 familias y 72 especies; siendo el Orden Passeriformes el mejor representado con un total de 15 familias. El continente europeo es el mejor representado con un 77,5 % del total de las familias y un 87,7 % del total de las especies; con mayor número de ejemplares en los órdenes Passeriformes (n= 41) y Anseriformes (n= 8). Las colecciones son una valiosa fuente de referencia para diferentes tipos de estudios debiendo ser depositadas en lugares que permitan su correcta preservación y que estén a disponibilidad de quienes lo requieran.

La obra de Samanta Vanesa Faiad, Departamento de Dibujo e Ilustración Científica, Museo de La Plata.

Esta serie tiene como propósito mostrar diferentes expresiones artísticas relacionadas con la Ictiología nacional y regional, generadas en diferentes épocas y que surgen por diversas motivaciones personales que, en algún caso, muestran casi con exactitud a los modelos que inspiraron la obra, en otras, por lo contrario, responden a la imaginación y creatividad del autor. En este caso nos referimos a la exquisita obra de Samanta Vanesa Faiad a cargo del Departamento de Dibujo e Ilustración Científica del Museo de La Plata, FCNyM, UNLP. Sólo me resta invitar a quienes quieran sumarse a esta iniciativa, se acerquen con sus aportes para consolidar esta idea, ya que podría ser otro instrumento de difusión del conocimiento de nuestra disciplina a los diferentes estamentos de la sociedad. El Museo de La Plata contiene tesoros, muchos fuera del conocimiento público. Creo que los menos conocidos a nivel popular son aquellos de las tareas llevadas a cabo por parte de su personal, aunque sí reconocidos en su medio. Este artículo tiene la modesta pretensión de poner al alcance de la mayor cantidad posible de integrantes de nuestra sociedad la refinada obra de Samanta Faiad, quien actualmente para el común de la gente pertenece a los tesoros casi silenciosos del Museo de La Plata.

Report of the ICSF-BOBLME India (East Coast) workshop: implementing the FAO voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication (SSF guidelines), 6-7 March 2015, Chennai, India

The workshop titled, ICSF-BOBLME India (East Coast) Workshop on Implementing the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) was organized by ICSFin collaboration with BOBLME project.The workshop was the third in a series of consultations held in 2015 across the globe to promote the ownership of the SSF Guidelines among different stakeholders. In the run –up to the workshop, ICSF, with support from BOBLME conducted six consultation meetings with fishworkers and fishworker organizations along the east coast of India in January and February 2015. One hundred participants from India’s eastern coastal states of West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, including women fishworkers, representatives of fishworker organizations, representatives from Department of Fisheries and other concerned departments at state and central level, Multilateral agencies, Inter-governmental organizations, Research Institutions met at Chennai, 6-7 March, 2015. The workshop was structured to facilitate active interaction and discussion among participants, taking into account linguistic diversity and the contextual differences of the marine and inland sectors. This publication—the proceedings of the Chennai workshop—will be useful for fishworker organizations, researchers, policymakers, members of civil society and anyone interested in fisheries and livelihoods.

Eyes on their fingertips: some aspects of the arts, science, technology and culture of the fisherfolk of Trivandrum, India

Eyes on Their Finger Tips deals with the traditional marine wisdom of a set of people and the rarest of rare experiences they have had at sea. Through these numerous chapters he takes us into the seas of the fishers. It is a voyage which we cannot make in reality. But through the heroic deeds of his father, the riddles of oldman Sebesti, the shark story of brother Kamalappan, and the rituals of his mother, we get a fascinating peep into the wisdom of the watery world of the small-scale fishers of Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Morphometry, length-weight relationship and biology of Sepia aculeata (d'Orbigny, 1848) from Mumbai coast, India

Seventeen morphometric characters of Sepia aculeata of Mumbai coast have been studied and the relationships of morphometric characters with dorsal mantle length (DML) were established. The characters compared showed a fair to high degree of correlation ('r' 0.63-0.99). Number of arm suckers and shell rings were related with DML. The shell rings also showed high degree of correlation with DML ('r' 0.79-0.95). However, the relationship between arm suckers and DML was not so good ('r' 0.1-0.4). The length-weight relationship is described as W=0.1821336 L sub(2.801102). Food and feeding analysis confirm the carnivorous feeding behaviour of the species. Mature females found in all months indicate that it has prolonged spawning season with two peaks, september and march-april. Absolute fecundity ranged from 214 to 4143 eggs.

A record of Probopyrus bithynis (Richardson, 1904) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) from coastal Andhra Pradesh, India, with special reference to host-parasite relationship

An incidence of bopyrid isopod infestation was observed in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) juveniles (40-60 mm/0.9-1.5 g) in a scampi culture farm in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The presence of parasite was observed by conspicuous boil like swelling of the branchial chamber where the parasite was found lodged on the gills. The infested gill was highly compressed and necrosed. Only one branchial chamber was infested by the parasite while the other gill was normal. The infested prawns were thin and emaciated and showed retarded growth. The parasite was identified as Probopyrus bithynis (Richardson, 1904) which caused inhibition of ventilation due to its permanent lodging in the branchial chamber and impaired the gaseous exchange by gills. It was also observed that this parasite caused parasitic castration in the infested prawns.

Long-term changes and variability of monthly extreme temperatures in India

Extreme temperatures are changing worldwide together with changes in the mean temperatures. This study investigates the long-term trends and variations of the monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and their effects on seasonal fluctuations in various climatological regions in India. The magnitude of the trends and their statistical significance were determined by parametric ordinary least square regression techniques and the variations were determined by the respective coefficient of variations. The results showed that the monthly maximum temperature increased, though unevenly, over the last century. Minimum temperature changes were more variable than maximum temperature changes, both temporally and spatially, with results of lesser significance. The results of this study are good indicators of Indian climate variability and its changes over the last century. © Springer-Verlag 2009.