Characterization of spontaneous gacS and gacA regulatory mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain CHAO.

In Pseudomonasfluorescens strain CHAO, the response regulator gene gacA controls expression of extracellular enzymes and antifungal secondary metabolites, which are important for this strain's biocontrol activity in the plant rhizosphere. Two Tn5 insertion mutants of strain CHA0 that had the same pleiotropic phenotype as gacA mutants were complemented by the gacS sensor kinase gene of P. syringae pv. syringae as well as that of P. fluorescens strain Pf-5, indicating that both transposon insertions had occurred in the gacS gene of strain CHA0. This conclusion was supported by Southern hybridisation using a gacS probe from strain Pf-5. Overexpression of the wild-type gacA gene partially compensated for the gacS mutation, however, the overexpressed gacA gene was not stably maintained, suggesting that this is deleterious to the bacterium. Strain CHA0 grown to stationary phase in nutrient-rich liquid media for several days accumulated spontaneous pleiotropic mutants to levels representing 1.25% of the population; all mutants lacked key antifungal metabolites and extracellular protease. Half of 44 spontaneous mutants tested were complemented by gacS, the other half were restored by gacA. Independent point and deletion mutations arose at different sites in the gacA gene. In competition experiments with mixtures of the wild type and a gacA mutant incubated in nutrient-rich broth, the mutant population temporarily increased as the wild type decreased. In conclusion, loss of gacA function can confer a selective advantage on strain CHA0 under laboratory conditions.

Influence of plant species on disease suppression by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 with enhanced antibiotic production

Introduction of the recombinant cosmid pME3090 into Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHAO, a good biocontrol agent of various diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, increased three- to five-fold the production of the antibiotic metabolites pyoluteorin (Pit) and 2,4-diacetylphlorogIucinol (Phi) in vitro. Strain CHAO/pME3090 also overproduced Pit and Phi in the rhizosphere of wheat infected or not infected with Pythium ultimum. The biocontrol activity of the wild-type and recombinant Straitis was compared using various plant pathogen-host combinations in a gnotobiotic system. Antibiotic overproduction affected neither the protection of wheat against P. ultimum and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici nor the growth of wheat plants. In contrast, strain CHA0/pME3090 showed an increased capacity to protect cucumber against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and Phomopsis sclerotioides, compared with the wild-type strain CHAO, The antibiotic overproducing strain protected tobacco roots significantly better against Thielaviopsis basicola than the wild-type strain but drastically reduced the growth of tobacco plants and was also toxic to the growth of sweet com. On King's B agar and on malt agar, the recombinant strain CHA0/pME3090 inhibited all pathogens more than did the parental strain CHAO. Synthetic Pit and Phi were toxic to all fungi tested. Tobacco and sweet com were more sensitive to synthetic Pit and Phi than were cucumber and wheat. There was no correlation between the sensitivity of the pathogens to the synthetic antibiotics and the degree of disease suppression by strain CHAO pME3090. However, there was a correlation between the sensitivity of the plants and the toxicity of the recombinant strain. We conclude that the plant species rather than the pathogen determines whether cosmid pME3090 in P. fluorescens strain CHAO leads to improved disease suppression.

Early Iron Age Pottery: A Quantitative Approach, Proceedings of the International Round Table organized by the Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece (Athens, November 28-30, 2008)

Quantitative approaches in ceramology are gaining ground in excavation reports, archaeological publications and thematic studies. Hence, a wide variety of methods are being used depending on the researchers' theoretical premise, the type of material which is examined, the context of discovery and the questions that are addressed. The round table that took place in Athens on November 2008 was intended to offer the participants the opportunity to present a selection of case studies on the basis of which methodological approaches were discussed. The aim was to define a set of guidelines for quantification that would prove to be of use to all researchers. Contents: 1) Introduction (Samuel Verdan); 2) Isthmia and beyond. How can quantification help the analysis of EIA sanctuary deposits? (Catherine Morgan); 3) Approaching aspects of cult practice and ethnicity in Early Iron Age Ephesos using quantitative analysis of a Protogeometric deposit from the Artemision (Michael Kerschner); 4) Development of a ceramic cultic assemblage: Analyzing pottery from Late Helladic IIIC through Late Geometric Kalapodi (Ivonne Kaiser, Laura-Concetta Rizzotto, Sara Strack); 5) 'Erfahrungsbericht' of application of different quantitative methods at Kalapodi (Sara Strack); 6) The Early Iron Age sanctuary at Olympia: counting sherds from the Pelopion excavations (1987-1996) (Birgitta Eder); 7) L'aire du pilier des Rhodiens à Delphes: Essai de quantification du mobilier (Jean-Marc Luce); 8) A new approach in ceramic statistical analyses: Pit 13 on Xeropolis at Lefkandi (David A. Mitchell, Irene S. Lemos); 9) Households and workshops at Early Iron Age Oropos: A quantitative approach of the fine, wheel-made pottery (Vicky Vlachou); 10) Counting sherds at Sindos: Pottery consumption and construction of identities in the Iron Age (Stefanos Gimatzidis); 11) Analyse quantitative du mobilier céramique des fouilles de Xombourgo à Ténos et le cas des supports de caisson (Jean-Sébastien Gros); 12) Defining a typology of pottery from Gortyn: The material from a pottery workshop pit, (Emanuela Santaniello); 13) Quantification of ceramics from Early Iron Age tombs (Antonis Kotsonas); 14) Quantitative analysis of the pottery from the Early Iron Age necropolis of Tsikalario on Naxos (Xenia Charalambidou); 15) Finding the Early Iron Age in field survey: Two case studies from Boeotia and Magnesia (Vladimir Stissi); 16) Pottery quantification: Some guidelines (Samuel Verdan)

Bullterrierin letaali akrodermatiitti : tapausselostus ruskeavalkealla bullterrierillä

Summary: Lethal acrodermatitis of Bull Terrier in a nonwhite dog : a case report

Detection and Characterization of Preferential Flow Paths in the Downstream Area of a Hazardous Landfill

We have used surface-based electrical resistivity tomography to detect and characterize preferential hydraulic pathways in the immediate downstream area of an abandoned, hazardous landfill. The landfill occupies the void left by a former gravel pit and its base is close to the groundwater table and lacking an engineered barrier. As such, this site is remarkably typical of many small- to medium-sized waste deposits throughout the densely populated and heavily industrialized foreland on both sides of the Alpine arc. Outflows of pollutants lastingly contaminated local drinking water supplies and necessitated a partial remediation in the form of a synthetic cover barrier, which is meant to prevent meteoric water from percolating through the waste before reaching the groundwater table. Any future additional isolation of the landfill in the form of lateral barriers thus requires adequate knowledge of potential preferential hydraulic pathways for outflowing contaminants. Our results, inferred from a suite of tomographically inverted surfaced-based electrical resistivity profiles oriented roughly perpendicular to the local hydraulic gradient, indicate that potential contaminant outflows would predominantly occur along an unexploited lateral extension of the original gravel deposit. This finds its expression as a distinct and laterally continuous high-resistivity anomaly in the resistivity tomograms. This interpretation is ground-truthed through a litholog from a nearby well. Since the probed glacio-fluvial deposits are largely devoid of mineralogical clay, the geometry of hydraulic and electrical pathways across the pore space of a given lithological unit can be assumed to be identical, which allows for an order-of-magnitude estimation of the overall permeability structure. These estimates indicate that the permeability of the imaged extension of the gravel body is at least two to three orders-of-magnitude higher than that of its finer-grained embedding matrix. This corroborates the preeminent role of the high-resistivity anomaly as a potential preferential flow path.

A Novel Homozygous RPE65 Mutation in Leber Congenital Amaurosis Associated With Cone-Rod Dystrophy

Purpose: To report the clinical and genetic study of a family with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Methods: We studied a consanguineous family from Yemen in which three individuals were affected with LCA. Genomic DNA was prepared from venous leukocytes. Linkage analysis of all family members using polymorphic markers flanking the known LCA genes was performed, followed by direct sequencing of all the exons and intron-exon junctions of the RPE65 gene. Results: The three affected were 5, 8 and 12 years old. Severe visual impairment and night blindness were noticed during infancy. Nystagmus was not a feature. Photophobia was only observed in the 8-year-old patient. The 5-year old youngest affected had a bilateral hyperopia of +3.50 and a visual acuity of 1/60. The oldest two had mild myopia and visual acuity limited to hand movements RE and counting fingers LE for the oldest and of 5/60 OD, 6/60 OS for the other. On fundus examination, they harbored common clinical features such as disc pallor, attenuated vessels, white flecks in the retina mid-periphery and bull's eye maculopathy. Electroretinograms of the oldest child were completely extinguished while residual scotopic responses with abolished photopic and flicker responses were observed in the two youngest. Sequencing identified a novel missense mutation, IVS2-3C>G, in the second RPE65 intron. The mutation was not detected in 80 ethnically matched normal individuals. Conclusion: We have identified a novel LCA-related homozygous RPE65 mutation associated with a severe clinical presentation including an early and severe cone dysfunction. This is in contrast with the presentation associated with other RPE65 mutations predominantly causing a rod-cone dystrophy with residual cone function. The identified mutation potentially affects splicing of the third exon and could result in a loss of function. Definite functional consequences of this change still need to be characterized.

Iowa Power Fund Board Project Report Update, July 29, 2009

Amana Farms is using an anaerobic digestion, which is a two-stage digester that converts manure and other organic wastes into three valuable by-products: 1) Biogas – to fuel an engine/generator set to create electricity; 2) Biosolids - used as a livestock bedding material or as a soil amendment; 3) Liquid stream - will be applied as a low-odor fertilizer to growing crops. (see Business Plan appendix H) The methane biogas will be collected from the two stages of the anaerobic digestion vessel and used for fuel in the combined heat and power engine/generator sets. The engine/generator sets are natural gasfueled reciprocating engines modified to burn biogas. The electricity produced by the engine/generator sets will be used to offset on-farm power consumption and the excess power will be sold directly to Amana Society Service Company as a source of green power. The waste heat, in the form of hot water, will be collected from both the engine jacket liquid cooling system and from the engine exhaust (air) system. Approximately 30 to 60% of this waste heat will be used to heat the digester. The remaining waste heat will be used to heat other farm buildings and may provide heat for future use for drying corn or biosolids. The digester effluent will be pumped from the effluent pit at the end of the anaerobic digestion vessel to a manure solids separator. The mechanical manure separator will separate the effluent digested waste stream into solid and liquid fractions. The solids will be dewatered to approximately a 35% solid material. Some of the separated solids will be used by the farm for a livestock bedding replacement. The remaining separated solids may be sold to other farms for livestock bedding purposes or sold to after-markets, such as nurseries and composters for soil amendment material. The liquid from the manure separator, now with the majority of the large solids removed, will be pumped into the farm’s storage lagoon. A significant advantage of the effluent from the anaerobic digestion treatment process is that the viscosity of the effluent is such that the liquid effluent can now be pumped through an irrigation nozzle for field spreading.

Brevia de fide catholica (f. 1-52v). Acta paparum (f. 53-139v).

F. 1-52v. Recueil de textes de piété, en italien sauf le premier. « Confiteor Deo omnipotenti Patri et Filio et Spiritui sancto (...) martiribus tuis Grisanto et Darie, confessoribus tuis Prospero et Venerio atque beato Francisco... - ... eternam amen » (1). — [Rubrique :] « Quisti son li X comandam. de la leze ». « Primo non adorare altro che uno solo dio et per questo commandamento se veta le idole... - ... non e » (1v-3v). — [Rubrique :] « Quisti son li XII articoli de la fede ». « Credo in Dio padre omnipotente creatore del celo et de la terra. 1. S. Petro. Et in Yesu... - ... alli boni. 11. S. Thadeo. 12. S. Mathia » (3v). — [Rubrique :] « Quisti son li septe peccati mortali. Lo primo Elatio ». « Superbia cio e reputare de havere bene per propria virtu et non da Dio... - ... tante fiade pecca mortalmente » (3v-10). — [Rubriques :] « Quisti son li dexe comandamenti soto brevita » (...) « Quisti sono li septe sacramenti » (...) « Que son le VII opere de la misericordia temporale » (...) « Queste son le spirituale » (...) « Questi son li setti peccati mortali » (...) « Circha de sopra in li dexe comandamenti. Quista sun li V sentimenti de lo corpo » (...) « Quisti sono li septi doni del Spirito sancto che sono contra li VII peccati mortali » (...) « Queste sono le III virtu theologie » (...) « Quatuor sono le cardinale » (...) « Queste son le conditione de la confessione » (...) « Quisti son li casi de la papa sive papali » (...) « Casus exclusi » (...) « Quisti sun li cassi de lo episcopo sive episcopali » (...) (10-12). — [NICOLAUS DE AUXIMO, O. F. M. (Nicolò da Osimo), Compendio de salute], cf. Umberto Picciafuoco, Fr. Nicolò da Osimo: vita, opera, spiritualità, 1980 ; « Per dare breve introductione delle cose necessarie ad la salute ad ciaschuno simplice lo quale desidera de salvarse, me sono studiato de redirre le dicte cose sotto breve compendio, retracto de uno libro dicto Quadriga spirituale... - ... molto cose secondo li doctori » (12-52v).F. 53-139v. Actes pontificaux et varia. EUGENIUS IV papa, Bulla [ad Jacobum de Primadiciis de Bononia, O. F. M. (Giacomo Primadizzi) ?], de communione pascali, [07/07/1446], cf. Archivum Franciscanum Historicum, 21, 1928, p. 270 n. 1, 282-283 « Eugenius papa IIIIus. Dilecte fili salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Fidedigna relatione percepimus in civitate Licii non parvam... - ... VIII kal. julii 1446, po. no. anno XVI° » (éd. ibid., p. 282-283, avec une date corrigée) (53-54). — [PAULUS II papa], Bulla, 14/04/1469 « I ». [Rubrique :] « Bulla que quotannis in cena Domini publicari per summum pontificem consuevit ». « Dilecti filii salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Consueverunt predecessores nostri romani pontifices annis singulis in die cene Domini sedentes...-... die XIIII° aprilis 1469 p. n. anno quinto. L. Dathus » (55-56). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, 30/03/1469 « 2. Bulla. Paulus (...). Consueverunt sancte memorie romani pontifices predecessoris [sic] nostri ad retinendam puritatem... - ... tertio kal. aprilis, p. n. anno quinto. De curia. Signata A. Ingherannus, L. Dathus » (56v-64). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, 06/06/1469 « 3. Paulus (...). Decet romanum pontificem sic in suis fore gratiis liberalem quod in ecclesiarum... - ... octavo id. junii, p. n. anno quinto. De curia, B. Lunensis » (64v-67). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, 02/07/1469 « Paulus papa II. 4. [Rubrique :] Presidenti monasteriorum Sancte Justine de Padua ». « Dilecte fili salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Bullam presentibus alligatam constitutionis et decreti nostri circa annexa et juncta beneficia... - ... die IIa julii M° CCCC LXVIIII p. n. anno quinto. L. Dathus » (67v-68). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, de casibus reservatis, [03/03/1470] cf. Cesare Censi, Manoscritti francescani della Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli, 2 vol., 1971 (Spicilegium bonaventurianum, VII-VIII), t. I, p. 222, qui renvoie au ms. Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale, V H 33 (n° 125 a de la liste de Cenci) ; incomplet de la fin « 5. [Rubrique :] Bulla pro casibus reservatis ». « Paulus (...). Etsi dominici gregis saluti semper intenti singulis cum humilitate poscentibus ea benigne... - ... omnipotentis Dei et beatorum » [Petri et Pauli...] (68v-70). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, 23/11/1464 « 6. [Rubrique :] Contra symoniacos ». « Paulus (...). Cum detestabile scelus simoniace pravitates tam divinorum quam sacrorum canonum... - ... nono kal. decembres, p. n. anno primo » (70v-72). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, [01/03/1468], cf. C. Censi, op. cit., ms. Napoli, Bibl. Naz., I H 43 et V H 33 (n° 50 ap et 125 d) « 7. [Rubrique :] Bulla prohibens ne bona ecclesiarum et Dei alienari possint ultra triennium ». « Paulus (...). Ambitiose perversorum cupiditati illorum precipue qui divinis et humanis legibus affectata... - ... M° CCCC LXVII kalendis martii p. n. anno quarto » (72v-74). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, 31/01/1468 « 8. [Rubrique :] De celebratione dierum festorum in terris ecclesie ». « Paulus (...). Perniciosa consuetudo aut verius corruptela que in gravem divine majestatis ac sanctorum... - ... M° CCCC LXVII pridie kal. febr. anno p. n. IIII° » (74v-76v). — Exemplum de Raymundo cardinale nepote Honorii pape et beata Maria virgine et Annunciatione ejus. [Rubrique :] « Pro jejunio domine nostre ». « Honorius summus pontifex habuit ex sorore nepotem Raymundum nomine tituli sanctorum Johannis et Pauli cardinalem libidini ita deditum... - ... regna migravit » (77-79). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, de jubilaeo, 19/04/1470 « 10 ( ?). [Rubrique :] De publicatione anni jubilei redacti ad M CCCC LXXV ». « Paulus (...). Ineffabilis providentia summi patris qui pro redemptione humani generis ejusque reconcilianda natura... - ... tertiodecimo kalendas maii p. n. anno sexto » (79-85). — PAULUS II papa, Breve, ad episcopum Cumanensem, 22/04/1471 « Breve pontificis ad episcopum Cumanensem. Paulus II. Venerabilis frater (...). Expositum fuit nobis nonnullos istius civitatis Cumane ejusque diocesis existere qui contra libertatem... - ... XXII aprilis 1471 p. n. anno septimo » (86-86v). — PAULUS II papa, Breve, ad episcopum Cumanensem, 07/06/1471 « Suprascriptum breve non habuit locum sed reformatum fuit in formam infrascriptam : Paulus II. Ven. (...). Expositum nobis fuit pro parte dilecti filii nobilis viri Galeaz Marie ducis Mediolani nonnullos istius civitatis Cumane... - ... 7° junii 1471 p. n. anno 7° » (86v-87v). — PAULUS II papa, Breve, [ad Galeazzum Mariam Sforza ducem Mediolanensem], 31/05/1471 « Dilecte fili (...). Diligenter exposuit nobis dilectus filius Augustinus de Rubeis eques et doctor Parmensis consiliarius et orator ad nos tuus... - ... ultimo maii 1471, p. n. anno septimo » (87v-88v). — NICODEMUS [TRANCHEDINI], Littera ad Galeazzum Mariam Sforza ducem Mediolanensem, 13/05/1471, cf. Paola Sverzelatti, « Per la biografia di Nicodemo Tranchedini [1413-1481] di Pontremoli, ambasciatore sforzesco », Aevum, 1998, LXII, 485-557 [4° Z 4794] « Littere Nicodemi ad illustrissimum d. ducem. El papa me ha dicto questa sera che heri sera deputo et immediate hebbe ad se li inferri... - ... Johachinus et Franciscus de Padua advocati consistoriales ». « Suprascriptis videnda commissa fuit bulla pontificis » (89-89v). — AUGUSTINUS DE RUBEIS (Agostino de’Rossi) et NICODEMUS [TRANCHEDINI], Littera ad Galeazzum Mariam Sforza ducem Mediolanensem, 25/05/1471 « Littere d. Augustini et Nicodemi ad principem. Illustrissimo (...). Questi xi sonno mo stati piu volte insieme et col papa anchora et heri se fece el consistorio... - ... XXV maii 1471. Augustinus et Nicodemus » (89v-91). — Iidem ad eumdem, 27/05/1471 « Eorundem. Illustrissimo (...). Credace la vestra signoria per cosa se havesse ad agitar. qua postquam questo nostro sancto patre fu facto papa... - ... XXVII maii 1471 » (91-94v). — [EUGENIUS IV papa, Gratiae concessae Francisco de Platea de Bononia, O. F. M., 01/1440], cf. Cesare Censi, Manoscritti francescani della Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli, 2 vol., 1971 (Spicilegium bonaventurianum, VII-VIII), t. II, p. 1060, qui renvoie à deux exemplaires du texte, mss. Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale, cod. VII G 50 et VII G 66 [n° 371 et 383 de la liste de Cenci] « Copia. Ego frater Franciscus de Bononia frater venerabilis viri fratris Jacobi de Primidiciis de Bononia Florentiam accessi... - ... M CCCC XL die III et die decima januarii » (95-98v). — PAULUS II papa, Breve ( ?), ad Julium Cesari de Varano domicellum, incomplet de la fin « Paulus episcopus (...) dilecto filio nobili viro Julio Cesari de Varano domicello civitatis nostre Camerini et pro nobis (...) gubernatori (...). Inter cura multiplices quibus assidue permimur illa precipue sollicitat mentem nostram... - ... merito commendari » (100-106v). — NICOLAUS V papa, Breve ( ?), ad Franciscum Sforza, 24/07/1447 « Nicolaus (...) dilecto filio nobili viro Francisco Sfortie vicecomiti, comiti et marchioni (...). Sedes apostolica pia mater recurrentibus ad eam cum humilitate filiis post excessum libenter... - ... nono kal. augusti, p. n. anno primo. Pe. de Noxeto » (107-111v). — FRANCISCUS PHILELPHUS ( ?), [De Sacerdotio Christi (extractum et translatum e graeco Souda), versio italica], cf. Giovanni Mercati, Ultimi contributi alla storia degli Umanistici, 1939, I, p. 74-76 (4° Z 1722 (90)) « Tractatello traducto per messere Francescho Philelpho singularissimo poetha de greco in latino per luy trovato presso autentici et antiqui autori, reducto in volgare ad contemplatione d’alcuni devoti cortesani del illustrissimo signiore duca di Milano, ad confirmatione de la fede nostra et confusione de Judei. Regnando Justiniano imperatore clementissimo fo uno homo principe de Judei chiamato Theodosio... - ... teneva occulto » (112-118v). — « Electi beneficii et superni doni data ad quella anima che oldira la sancta messa integramente monifestati per li sancti doctori... - ... ligno de la vita » (118v-119). — MARTINUS V papa, Bulla, de excommunicatione hereticorum, [28/03/1426 ?], incomplète de la fin ; cf. C. Censi, op. cit., I, p. 501-502 (n° 304 f) « 1. Excommunicationes plures contente in processu qui fit annuatim in curia in cena Domini. Martinus (...). Excommunicamus et anathematizamus ex parte omnipotentis Dei Patris et Filii et Spiritus sancti auctoritate Petri... - ... incursurum. Datum Rome etc » (120-122v). — « Item excommunicamus et anathematizamus omnes illos qui per se vel per alium vel alios directe vel indirecte... - ... cautione prestitis » (122v-123v). — PAULUS II papa, Bulla, 11/04/1471 « 2. Paulus (...). Consueverunt sancte memorie romani pontifices predecessores nostri ad retinendam puritatem... - ... tertio idus aprilis, p. n. anno VII° » (124-130v). — SIXTUS IV papa, Bulla, de excommunicatione hereticorum, 26/03/1472 « 2. Sixtus (...). Excommunicamus et anathematizamus ex parte omnipotentis Dei Patris et Filii et Spiritus sancti auctoritate quoque beatorum... - ... septimo kal. aprilis etc. anno primo » (131-134v). — SIXTUS IV papa, Breve ( ?), ad Ferdinandum I regem Sicilie, 01/03/1472 « 4. Sixtus (...) carissimo in Christo filio Ferdinando regi Sicilie illustri (...). Dum eximie fidelitatis devotionis atque prudentie tue ceterasque tibi a Domino traditas virtutes...-... kalendis martiis [sic] p. n. anno primo. M. Milinus » (135-139v).

Mis à l'écart et laissé-pour-compte: l'adéquation dans l'article 32 de la LAMal (commentaire de l'article de Georg Marckmann: "Marktorientierung und Gerechtigkeit: Prinzipen im Widerspruch?")

Commentaire de: Marckmann G. Marktorientierung und Gerechtigkeit: Prinzipen im Widerspruch? SGBEbulletinSSEB 2010;(61):5-12.

Aportación a la Flora Bentónica de las Islas Baleares, V.

Los numerosos trabajos sobre fitobentos marino de las islas Baleares fueron recopilados en los catálogos florísticos de RIBERA & GÓMEZ (Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 15: 377-406. 1984; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 16:25-41.1985). Posteriormente, debido a la realización de numerosos estudios bentónicos de la zona, se han publicado adiciones a dicho catálogo (PERICAS, Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears: 139-146.1984; BALLESTEROS, Bull. Inst. Cat. Hist. Nat. 51 (See. Bot, 5): 31-33. 1984; BALLESTEROS, Fol. Bot. Mise. 6: 65-70. 1989; RULL LLUCH, GÓMEZ GARRETA and RIBERA Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 15: 377-406. 1987; CREMADES Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 46 (1): 149-152. 1989; CREMADES A nales Jard. Bot. Madrid 46 (1): 341-343. 1989).

Fly Ash Affect on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity, MLR-88-7, 1989

Cement-aggregate reactions were first reported in the 1940's. Depletion of quality aggregate, changes in cement and the use of fly ash make cement-aggregate reactions a problem still today. This latest research into alkali-aggregate reactivity was initiated to evaluate the new ASTM style test containers and evaluate the effect of Class C fly ash on the expansive reaction. Three aggregates were tested in combination with three cements and three fly ashes available in Iowa. Thirty-six combinations were made and tested over a six-month period. The conclusions were: (1) the new style ASTM containers were much more effective than the containers used by the Iowa DOT in the past; (2) some mixes with 15 percent Class C fly ash had increased expansion over comparative mixes without fly ash; and (3) the Oreapolis #8 pit did not appear to have an alkali-silica reaction problem based on this testing and earlier reported testing.

The data treatment dependent variability of U-Pb zircon ages obtained using mono-collector, sector field, laser ablation ICP-MS

U-Pb dating of zircons by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) is a widely used analytical technique in Earth Sciences. For U-Pb ages below 1 billion years (1 Ga), Pb-206/U-238 dates are usually used, showing the least bias by external parameters such as the presence of initial lead and its isotopic composition in the analysed mineral. Precision and accuracy of the Pb/U ratio are thus of highest importance in LA-ICPMS geochronology. We consider the evaluation of the statistical distribution of the sweep intensities based on goodness-of-fit tests in order to find a model probability distribution fitting the data to apply an appropriate formulation for the standard deviation. We then discuss three main methods to calculate the Pb/U intensity ratio and its uncertainty in the LA-ICPMS: (1) ratio-of-the-mean intensities method, (2) mean-of-the-intensity-ratios method and (3) intercept method. These methods apply different functions to the same raw intensity vs. time data to calculate the mean Pb/U intensity ratio. Thus, the calculated intensity ratio and its uncertainty depend on the method applied. We demonstrate that the accuracy and, conditionally, the precision of the ratio-of-the-mean intensities method are invariant to the intensity fluctuations and averaging related to the dwell time selection and off-line data transformation (averaging of several sweeps); we present a statistical approach how to calculate the uncertainty of this method for transient signals. We also show that the accuracy of methods (2) and (3) is influenced by the intensity fluctuations and averaging, and the extent of this influence can amount to tens of percentage points; we show that the uncertainty of these methods also depends on how the signal is averaged. Each of the above methods imposes requirements to the instrumentation. The ratio-of-the-mean intensities method is sufficiently accurate provided the laser induced fractionation between the beginning and the end of the signal is kept low and linear. We show, based on a comprehensive series of analyses with different ablation pit sizes, energy densities and repetition rates for a 193 nm ns-ablation system that such a fractionation behaviour requires using a low ablation speed (low energy density and low repetition rate). Overall, we conclude that the ratio-of-the-mean intensities method combined with low sampling rates is the most mathematically accurate among the existing data treatment methods for U-Pb zircon dating by sensitive sector field ICPMS.