One century record of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in core sediments from the southern Yellow Sea

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at a 2-cm interval in a core sample from the middle of the southern Yellow Sea for elucidating their historical variations in inflow and sources. The chronology was obtained using the Pb-210 method. PAHs concentrations decreased generally with depth and two climax values occurred in 14-16 cm and 20-22 cm layers, demonstrating that the production and usage of PAHs might reach peaks in the periods of 1956-1962 and 1938-1944. The booming economy and the navy battles of the Second World War might explain why the higher levels were detected in the two layers. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that PAHs were primarily owing to the combustion product. Down-cored variation of PCB concentrations was complex. Higher concentrations besides the two peaks being the same as PAHs were detected from 4 to 8 cm, depositing from 1980 to 1992, which probably resulted from the disposal of the out-dated PCB-containing equipment. The average Cl percentage of PCBs detected was similar to that of the mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1242, suggesting they might origin from the dielectrical and heat-transfer fluid. The total organic carbon (TOC) content played a prevalent role in the adsorption of high molecular weight PAHs (>= 4-ring), while no obvious relationship among total PCBs, the concentration of congeners, and TOC was found.

Response of the diatom flora in Jiaozhou Bay, China to environmental changes during the last century

The diatom flora in a 164 cm long sediment core obtained from Jiaozhou Bay (Yellow Sea, China) was analyzed in order to trace the response of diatoms to environmental changes over the past 100 years. The sediment core was dated by Pb-210 and Cs-137 and represented approximately 100 years (1899-2001 A.D.). The flora was mainly composed of centric diatoms (59-96%). The concentration of diatoms declined sharply above 30 cm (after similar to 1981 A.D.), while the dominant species changed from Thalassiosira anguste-lineatus, Thalassiosira eccentria, Coscinodiscus excentricus, Coscinodiscus concinnus and Diploneis gorjanovici to Cyclotella stylorum and Paralia sulcata. Species richness decreased slightly, and the cell abundance of warm-water species increased. We argue that these floral changes were probably caused by climate change in combination with eutrophication resulting from aquaculture and sewage discharge. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reflective writing: The student nurse's perspective on reflective writing and poetry writing.

Summary Background Reflective writing is a mandatory part of nurse education but how students develop their skills and use reflection as part of their experiential learning remains relatively unknown. Understanding reflective writing in all forms from the perspective of a student nurse is therefore important. Objectives To explore the use of reflective writing and the use of poetry in pre-registered nursing students. Design A qualitative design was employed to explore reflective writing in pre-registered nursing students. Setting A small university in Scotland. Participants BSc (Hons) Adult and Mental Health Pre-registration Student Nurses. Methods Two focus groups were conducted with 10 student nurses during March 2012. Data was analysed thematically using the framework of McCarthy (1999). Results Students found the process of reflective writing daunting but valued it over time. Current educational methods, such as assessing reflective accounts, often lead to the ‘narrative’ being watered down and the student feeling judged. Despite this, reflection made students feel responsible for their own learning and research on the topic. Some students felt the use of models of reflection constricting, whilst poetry freed up their expression allowing them to demonstrate the compassion for their patient under their care. Conclusions Poetry writing gives students the opportunity for freedom of expression, personal satisfaction and a closer connection with their patients, which the more formal approach to reflective writing did not offer. There is a need for students to have a safe and supportive forum in which to express and have their experiences acknowledged without the fear of being judged.

Putting Oneself on whose Country: Carmarthenshire Juries in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

Ireland, Richard W., 'Putting oneself on whose country? Carmarthenshire juries in the mid-nineteenth century', In: 'Legal Wales: its past, its future: essays dedicated to Professor Dafydd Jenkins on his ninetieth birthday', Welsh Legal History Society 1, Watkin, Thomas Glyn. (eds), (Cardiff: Cymdeithas Hanes Cyfraith Cymru / Welsh Legal History Society), 63-87, 2001. RAE2008

I Cannot Tell: Edward Thomas's Uncertainties

Poster, Jeremy, 'I Cannot Tell: Edward Thomas's Uncertainties', In: 'Branch-Lines: Edward Thomas and Contemporary Poetry', Guy Cuthbertson & Lucy Newlyn (eds), (London: Enitharmon Press), pp.264, 2007 RAE2008

New Collected Poems of W. S. Graham

Francis, Matthew, New Collected Poems of W. S. Graham, (London: Faber and Faber, 2004 RAE2008

The Poetics of the Limit : Ethics and Politics in Modern and Contemporary American Poetry

Woods, Timothy, The Poetics of the Limit (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) RAE2008

Johnny's in the Basement: Keats, Bob Dylan and Influence

Marggraf Turley, Richard, 'Johnny's in the Basement: Keats, Bob Dylan and Influence', In: 'The Monstrous Debt: Modalities of Romantic Influence in Twentieth Century Literature', (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press), pp.181-204, 2006 RAE2008

A ?Perfect Circle'? Alchemy in the Poetry of Hester Pulter

Archer, Jayne, 'A ?Perfect Circle'? Alchemy in the Poetry of Hester Pulter', Literature Compass (2005) 2(1) pp.1-14 RAE2008

The Four Branches of the Mabinogi and Medieval Welsh Poetry

Hughes, I. (2006). The Four Branches of the Mabinogi and Medieval Welsh Poetry. Studi Celtici. 4, pp.155-193. RAE2008

Welsh raiding in the twelfth-century Shropshire/Cheshire March: the case of Owain Cyfeiliog

Williams, G. (2006). Welsh raiding in the twelfth-century Shropshire/Cheshire March: the case of Owain Cyfeiliog. Studia Celtica. 40, pp.89-115. RAE2008

Gwaith Madog Dwygraig

Edwards, Huw, Gwaith Madog Dwygraig (Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru, 2007)

Absolute forms in the poetry of the Gogynfeirdd: functionally obsolete archaisms or working system?

Rodway, S. (2002). Absolute forms in the poetry of the Gogynfeirdd: functionally obsolete archaisms or working system? Journal of Celtic Linguistics. 7, pp.63-84. RAE2008

Ben Bowen (Writers of Wales)

Chapman, T. R. Ben Bowen (Writers of Wales)(University of Wales Press, 2003) RAE2008

'A Witty Book, but mostly feigned': William Richards' Wallography and perceptions of Wales in later seventeenth-century England

RAE2008