Anàlisi de la figura de coordinador/a TIC a deu escoles vallesanes: Funcions, formació i perfil

La present recerca és un estudi de cas de la figura del coordinador/a TIC (Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació) centrant-se en aspectes referents a les funcions, la formació i el perfil. El constant avenç tecnològic en la societat també inclou el món educatiu i això crea la necessitat de tenir una figura dinamitzadora de les TIC dins l’escola, un punt de referència. Amb l’objectiu d’aconseguir conèixer aquesta figura es dissenya i s’aplica un qüestionari amb el qual s’obtindrà informació d’aquesta figura tractant temes que van tant dels esmentats anteriorment com de la comissió TAC o dels recursos TIC que disposen. Per poder obtenir aquesta informació es compta amb la participació de deu escoles vallesanes. Els resultats mostren que el tipus de funció que més realitza són les Tècniques mentre que les de Lideratge són les que menys. Mostren també com la formació que es demana és tècnica i pedagògica i que el perfil dels coordinadors/es TIC és bastant divers. En conclusió, es pot dir que la figura del coordinador/a TIC de centre és un punt clau dins l’escola ja que ajuda a la inclusió digital, entre d’altres aspectes, però encara és una figura molt ambigua.

Estrès: Estrès i salut, efectes en població universitària. Un perfil decriptiu de l'estrès acadèmic en estudiants universitaris a Catalunya i a la UVIC

Aquest treball pretén aprofundir en el coneixement de l'estrès, el seu funcionament, els seus desencadenants, el seu procés i el seu afrontament, en la seva vessant més psicològica. Paral·lelament també he volgut esbrinar quines són les investigacions que s'han fet sobre l'estrès acadèmic en estudiants universitaris i, amb tot això, he intentat establir una descripció de l'estrès acadèmic d'aquests estudiants. En aquest treball podem trobar un marc teòric amb els conceptes i perspectives sobre l'estrès en general i l'estrès acadèmic en particular, així com un estudi no experimental i transaccional, realitzat a través de l'inventari SISCO de l'estrès acadèmic, creat per l'autor Arturo Barraza, als alumnes universitaris. Els resultats mostren que un 90% dels alumnes enquestats han afirmat haver tingut moments de nerviosisme o preocupació durant el curs, puntuant el seu nivell d'estrès amb una mitjana de 3,51 en una escala tipus Likert de 1 (poc) a 5 (molt).

Automatic Brain Extraction in Fetal MRI using Multi-Atlas-based Segmentation

In fetal brain MRI, most of the high-resolution reconstruction algorithms rely on brain segmentation as a preprocessing step. Manual brain segmentation is however highly time-consuming and therefore not a realistic solution. In this work, we assess on a large dataset the performance of Multiple Atlas Fusion (MAF) strategies to automatically address this problem. Firstly, we show that MAF significantly increase the accuracy of brain segmentation as regards single-atlas strategy. Secondly, we show that MAF compares favorably with the most recent approach (Dice above 0.90). Finally, we show that MAF could in turn provide an enhancement in terms of reconstruction quality.

Intervalos de referência para o volume da cisterna magna fetal por meio do método bidimensional usando o modo multiplanar da ultrassonografia tridimensional

Objetivo:Determinar intervalos de referência para o volume da cisterna magna fetal por meio do método bidimensional (2D) usando o modo multiplanar da ultrassonografia tridimensional.Materiais e Métodos:Estudo de corte transversal com 224 gestantes normais entre a 17ª e 29ª semanas. O volume foi obtido automaticamente pela multiplicação dos três maiores eixos nos planos axial e sagital pela constante 0,52. Regressão polinomial foi realizada para obter correlação entre o volume 2D da cisterna magna e a idade gestacional, sendo os ajustes realizados pelo coeficiente de determinação (R2). Confiabilidade e concordância foram obtidas pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e limites de concordância.Resultados:A média do volume da cisterna magna 2D variou de 0,71 ± 0,19 cm3 para 4,18 ± 0,75 cm3 entre a 17ª e 29ª semanas, respectivamente. Observou-se boa correlação do volume da cisterna magna fetal 2D e a idade gestacional (R2 = 0,67). Observou-se excelente confiabilidade e concordância intraobservador com CCI = 0,89 e limites de concordância 95% (-52,0; 51,8), respectivamente. Observou-se baixa confiabilidade e concordância interobservador com CCI = 0,64 e limites de concordância 95% (-110,1; 84,6), respectivamente.Conclusão:Intervalos de referência para o volume 2D da cisterna magna fetal usando o modo multiplanar da ultrassonografia tridimensional foram determinados e apresentaram excelente confiabilidade e concordância intraobservador.

Implicación del patrón radiológico en el pronóstico de los tumores oligodendrogliales: correlación con el perfil genético

Introducción. La codeleción 1p19q (LOH1p19q) confiere a los tumores oligodendrogliales quimiosensibilidad y un mejor pronóstico en relación con otros gliomas. La investigación dirigida a identificar características radiológicas asociadas a LOH1p19q ha despertado gran interés en los últimos años. Objetivos. Confirmar la existencia de heterogeneidad regional de los parámetros moleculares en los gliomas oligodendrogliales, valorar la asociación entre el perfil genético y determinadas características radiológicas y clínicas, y analizar el valor pronóstico de éstas. Pacientes y métodos. Se incluyeron 54 pacientes tratados según un protocolo preestablecido común. Se valoraron las secuencias T1, con/sin gadolinio, y T2 de la resonancia magnética preoperatoria a ciegas de la información molecular y clínica. El análisis de LOH se efectuó sobre muestras pareadas de ADN tumoral y genómico. Resultados. La presencia de LOH1p se halló fuertemente asociada a LOH19q (p < 0,0001). LOH1p19q resultó más frecuente en los tumores situados en el lóbulo frontal (odds ratio, OR = 5,38; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC 95% = 1,51-19,13; p = 0,007) y sin necrosis radiológica (OR = 0,17; IC 95% = 0,03-0,80; p = 0,02). La localización frontal (riesgo relativo, RR = 4,499; IC 95% = 1,027-193,708; p = 0,046), la necrosis radiológica (RR = 0,213; IC 95% = 0,065-0,700; p = 0,011) y el grado de resección (RR = 9,231; IC 95% = 1,737-49,050; p = 0,009) resultaron factores pronósticos independientes de supervivencia global. Conclusiones. En los tumores oligodendrogliales, además del análisis histológico y el estudio genético-molecular, la valoración de determinadas características radiológicas puede resultar de gran utilidad para definir subgrupos de pacientes con pronóstico y respuesta al tratamiento similares. Los esfuerzos deben dirigirse, por tanto, hacia la utilización combinada de todos los recursos disponibles en cada centro.

Análisis del «perfil» de estudiantes de Enfermería mediante el test de Cattel

Conocer cuál es la personalidad de aquellos que acceden a nuestras Escuelas y que en pocos años se convertirán en futuros profesionales de Enfermería, ha sido el objetivo de un estudio llevado a cabo por la Comisión de Docencia de la E.U.E. de Barcelona. En él se realiza un análisis comparativo de los perfiles de personalidad de los estudiantes admitidos en la E.U.E. de Barcelona y los candidatos pre-inscritos en dicha escuela en 1983, frente a estudiantes de Enfermería americanas y británicas y los candidatos a estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Navarra.

Enhancing actions of peptides derived from the γ-chain of fetal human hemoglobin on the immunostimulant activities of monophosphoryl lipid A.

Hemoglobin and its structures have been described since the 1990s to enhance a variety of biological activities of endotoxins (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the interaction processes in more detail, the system was extended by studying the interactions of newly designed peptides from the γ-chain of human hemoglobin with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a partial structure of lipid A lacking its 1-phosphate. It was found that some selected Hbg peptides, in particular two synthetic substructures designated Hbg32 and Hbg35, considerably increased the bioactivity of MPLA, which alone was only a weak activator of immune cells. These findings hold true for human mononuclar cells, monocytes and T lymphocytes. To understand the mechanisms of action in more detail, biophysical techniques were applied. These showed a peptide-induced change of the MPLA aggregate structure from multilamellar into a non-lamellar, probably inverted, cubic structure. Concomitantly, the peptides incorporated into the tightly packed MPLA aggregates into smaller units down to monomers. The fragmentation of the aggregates was an endothermic process, differing from a complex formation but rather typical for a catalytic reaction.

Perfil sócio-econômico dos alunos, repetência e evasão no curso de Química da UFMG

This paper describes a study about the causes for the dropout of chemistry undergraduate students at UFMG in the nineties. The students' social and economic profile was outlined. It was observed a correlation between family income and academic performance and between failure at the beginning of the course and the dropout, but it seems that family income doesn't affect markedly the dropout. The endogenous and exogenous causes contribute equally for the dropout. The authors suggest that the dropout could be significantly reduced if the endogenous causes such as large classes, inadequate curricula and programmes, poor teaching and the unapproachability on the part of the teachers were faced.

O perfil profissional do químico frente às novas realidades das organizações industriais

The objective of this paper is to reflect about the professional profile required of chemists by the chemical industry employing new management practices. This paper includes: a) historical synthesis of the appropriation of chemical knowledge by the industrial sector, b) a discussion of today's industrial organization and a comparison between the professional profile of chemists as expected by the taylorist and fordist standards of production and that expected in the context of flexibilization and globalization of production.

Técnicas de análise do perfil de execução e otimização de programas em química computacional

In this paper we review the basic techniques of performance analysis within the UNIX environment that are relevant in computational chemistry, with particular emphasis on the execution profile using the gprof tool. Two case studies (in ab initio and molecular dynamics calculations) are presented in order to illustrate how execution profiling can be used to effectively identify bottlenecks and to guide source code optimization. Using these profiling and optimization techniques it was possible to obtain significant speedups (of up to 30%) in both cases.

Perfil cromatográfico de duas espécies de Plumbaginaceae: Plumbago scandens L. E Plumbago auriculata Lam

The genus Plumbago belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae, order Plumbaginales. Comparative chemical profile of P. scandens (native) and P. auriculata (cultivated) was obtained by normal and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector. Comparison of the ultraviolet espectra and the retention times for the compounds allowed to find similar metabolic patterns in roots, stems and leaves. Four flavonoids, one phenolic acid or derivative and the naphtoquinone plumbagin were comparatively identified to standards.

Licenciatura em Química da UFC: perfil sócio-econômico, evasão e desempenho dos alunos

This paper describes the studies of the performance and the efficiency of the Degree in Chemistry (nocturne) course at the UFC. The study embraces the period of its foundation (1995) until the current days. In general, the course has enhanced its efficiency, with an evident improvement presented by the students, which are more confident with strong indicative of better social prestige.

The Effects of Endocrine Disrupters on Fetal Male Rat Testicular and Adrenal Development

Many of the reproductive disorders that emerge in adulthood have their origin during fetal development. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can permanently affect the reproductive health of experimental animals. In mammals, male sexual differentiation and development are androgen-dependent processes. In rat, the critical programming window for masculinization occurs between embryonic days (EDs) 15.5 and 19.5. Disorders in sex steroid balance during fetal life can disturb the development of the male reproductive tract. In addition to the fetal testis, the adrenal cortex starts to produce steroid hormones before birth. Glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex are essential for preparing the fetus for birth. In the present study, the effects of exposure to endocrine disrupters on fetal male rat testicular and adrenal development were investigated. To differentiate the systemic and direct testicular effects of endocrine disrupters, both in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. The present study also clarified the role of desert hedgehog signalling (Dhh) in the development of the testis. The results indicate that endocrine disrupters, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and flutamide, are able to induce rapid steroidogenic changes in fetal rat testis under in vitro conditions. Although in utero exposure to these chemicals did not show overt effects in fetal testis, they can induce permanent changes in the developing testis and accessory sex organs later in life. We also reported that exposure to antiandrogens can interfere with testicular Dhh signalling and result in impaired differentiation of the fetal Leydig cells and subsequently lead to abnormal testicular development and sexual differentiation. In utero exposure to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) caused direct testicular and pituitary effects on the fetal male rat but with different dose responses. In a study in which the effects of developmental exposure to environmental antiandrogens, di-isononylphthalate and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p^’-DDE), on fetal male rat steroidogenesis were investigated, chemicals did not down-regulate testicular or adrenal steroid hormone synthesis or production in 19.5-day-old fetal rats. However, p,p^’-DDE-treatment caused clear histological and ultrastructural changes in the prenatal testis and adrenal gland. These structural alterations can disturb the development and function of fetal testis and adrenal gland that may become evident later in life. Exposure to endocrine disrupters during fetal life can cause morphological abnormalities and alter steroid hormone production by fetal rat Leydig cells and adrenocortical cells. These changes may contribute to the maldevelopment of the testis and the adrenal gland. The present study highlights the importance of the fetal period as a sensitive window for endocrine disruption.

Semicarbazonas e tiossemicarbazonas: o amplo perfil farmacológico e usos clínicos

This article shows that thiosemicarbazones, semicarbazones and their metal complexes can exhibit target selectivity along with a wide pharmacological profile. Complexes of thiosemicarbazones with cytotoxic or antitumoral activity are presented, some of which show activity against cisplatinum-resistant cells. The inhibition mechanism of the enzyme ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDR), involved in DNA syntheses, by alpha(N)-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones is discussed. The encouraging results of clinical trials with the RDR inhibitor 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone ("Triapine") against rapidly growing tumors are outlined. Examples are also given of thiosemicarbazones with antiviral and antimicrobial activity. The possible applications of semicarbazones as anticonvulsants with low toxicity and good therapeutic index are presented.