999 resultados para Percepção visual Teses


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A presente memria inscreve-se no mbito do curso de Licenciatura em Economia e Gesto, variante Banca e Seguros na Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde. O seu objectivo analisar a percepção dos estudantes sobre a educao financeira, tendo como pblico-alvo os estudantes da Escola Secundria Manuel Lopes. Num momento em que a crise econmica e financeira assola vrios pases, sente-se cada vez mais a necessidade de uma melhor gesto das riquezas. Os programas dos vrios Governos de Cabo Verde tm focalizado a sua ateno na rea econmica, descurando de alguma forma a interveno de outros sectores. O debate sobre a educao financeira dever ser premente, constituindo-se num desafio e novo paradigma em Cabo Verde. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho cientfico integra-se num quadro metodolgico em que se incidiu sobre a abordagem quantitativa e exploratria, aplicando o inqurito por questionrio. Para o efeito, e com base num erro amostral de 7,3% e 95% de confiana, extraiu-se uma amostra de 128 sujeitos de uma populao de 440 estudantes do 3 ciclo (11 e 12 anos de escolaridade) da Escola Secundria Manuel Lopes, sita na cidade da Praia, o que se enquadra perfeitamente com os procedimentos de estudo de caso. A amostragem foi probabilstica e o mtodo de seleco recaiu sobre as tcnicas de amostragem estratificada proporcional. Os dados foram tratados no programa Statstical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), verso 19.0. A anlise dos resultados baseou-se na produo e interpretao dos resultados das tabelas, dos grficos e da aplicao dos testes estatsticos. Os resultados obtidos revelam que os estudantes da Escola Secundria Manuel Lopes inquiridos trabalho tm uma percepção suficiente sobre a educao financeira. Entretanto, ainda existem dvidas, que podem ser reduzidas e/ou sanadas, por forma a ter o impacto na melhoria da gesto de riquezas da nova gerao. Quase a totalidade dos estudantes abrangidos neste estudo consideram que importante que este tema ser abordado no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Consideram ainda que os seus professores precisam conhecer melhor estes assuntos.

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O presente estudo inscreve-se no mbito do curso de Licenciatura em Gesto de Hotelaria e Turismo na Universidade de Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde. Esta memria resulta de uma pesquisa ou melhor dizendo objectiva-se em analisar a Percepção da populao local sobre o impacto do turismo na qualidade de vida, tendo com objecto de estudo a cidade da Praia, realando os aspectos mais importantes ligados ao sector do turismo. Hoje, mais do que nunca necessrio ter conhecimentos bsicos sobre aspectos ligados ao turismo, visto que considerado um dos eixos fundamentais do desenvolvimento econmico dos pases. Para Ignarra (2003:146) o turismo um dos principais responsveis, em termos de gerao de rendimentos, empregos nos E.U.A, no Japo, na Alemanha, bem como na Frana. Tambm na opinio de Andrade et al. (2008: 174) o aumento da demanda do turismo gera muito mais rendimentos e emprego na economia. Referem que no Brasil o turismo foi considerado um sector estratgico para gerar de empregos e rendimentos. Cabo Verde fez esta aposta e nos ltimos anos tem sido beneficirio de inmeros investimentos, mas ainda nem todo o pas beneficie de um turismo organizado que permita gerar empregos e bem-estar da populao local. Governo j criou algumas condies para que os investidores/empreendedores apostem no turismo em Cabo Verde. Nesta memria foram utilizados os mtodos quantitativo e exploratrio aplicado a um estudo de caso - cidade da Praia. Foi aplicado um inqurito por questionrio a uma amostra de 150 praienses, atravs da tcnica de amostragem estratificada proporcional. Os dados foram tratados e analisados no programa SPSS, verso 20.0. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a maioria dos praienses inquiridos tem uma percepção favorvel sobre o impacto do turismo na vida da populao da cidade da Praia e que ainda avaliam positivamente este impacto. Grande parte dos entrevistados considera as empresas, os principais promotores do desenvolvimento do turismo na referida cidade. No entanto, alguns consideram que o desenvolvimento da cidade no depende apenas do turismo, considerando que o Governo e outras entidades devem promover e implementar aces no sentido de um desenvolvimento turismo sustentado.

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O presente trabalho monogrfico intitulado Percepção dos Clientes sobre o Crdito Habitao Concedido pela Caixa Econmica de Cabo Verde enquadra-se no mbito do curso de licenciatura em Economia e Gesto, variante Banca e Seguros, realizado pela Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde. As transformaes que tm ocorrido no sector financeiro e bancrio so resultados das reformas e modernizao introduzidas, o que extensivo ao sistema dos crditos e, particularmente ao crdito habitao. Entretanto, depara-se com constrangimentos decorrentes de, entre outros aspectos, com os critrios e as modalidades de reembolso desse tipo de crdito, bem como as taxas de juro aplicadas. Este trabalho visa analisar a percepção dos clientes sobre o crdito habitao concedido pela Caixa Econmica de Cabo Verde, de forma a inteirar-se dos tipos de taxas de juros aplicados no crdito habitao, conhecer as garantias exigidas para a obteno desse crdito e propor sugesto para melhoria do crdito habitao. Para a realizao do trabalho utilizou-se a metodologia com enfoque qualitativo e de carcter exploratrio, com recurso no estudo documental, nomeadamente as pesquisas bibliogrficas, bem como outras fontes que serviram de base de dados e informaes ecmica de Cabo Verde. Com a realizao deste estudo, concluiu-se que, a concesso de crdito envolve riscos, as taxas de juro aplicadas so elevadas, os critrios e as modalidades de crditos a habitao, bem como o periodo de reembolso nem sempre se adequam a realidade cabo-verdiana, pelo que requer medidas de polticas e estratgias que contribuam para a melhoria das condies do crdito habitao aplicadas por essa instituio.

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Desconocemos los mecanismos fisiopatolgicos subyacentes a la aparicin de alucinaciones/alucinosis visual en pacientes con ictus, su incidencia, caractersticas y valor predictivo topogrfico o pronstico. En este trabajo estudiamos prospectivamente 78 pacientes con ictus isqumico/hemorrgico agudo y ausencia de enfermedad neurodegenerativa/psiquitrica basal o clnica alucinatoria previa, administrndoles cuestionario estandarizado sobre alucinaciones/alucinosis visual y realizndoles prueba de neuroimagen. Un subgrupo de pacientes tambin cuenta con EEG y evaluacin neuropsicolgica. La incidencia de alucinaciones/alucinosis fue del 16,7%, siendo la mayora imgenes complejas, con presentacin precoz y curso autolimitado. Se asoci con lesiones occipitales, defecto campimtrico inicial, y alteraciones del sueo entre otras variables.

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To understand the causes of schizophrenia, a search for stable markers (endophenotypes) is ongoing. In previous years, we have shown that the shine-through visual backward masking paradigm meets the most important characteristics of an endophenotype. Here, we tested masking performance differences between healthy students with low and high schizotypy scores as determined by the self-report O-Life questionnaire assessing schizotypy along three dimensions, i.e. positive schizotypy (unusual experiences), cognitive disorganisation, and negative schizotypy (introvertive anhedonia). Forty participants performed the shine-through backward masking task and a classical cognitive test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). We found that visual backward masking was impaired for students scoring high as compared to low on the cognitive disorganisation dimension, whereas the positive and negative schizotypy dimensions showed no link to masking performance. We also found group differences for students scoring high and low on the cognitive disorganisation factor for the WCST. These findings indicate that the shine-through paradigm is sensitive to differences in schizotypy which are closely linked with the pathological expression in schizophrenia.

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Background and Aims: The international EEsAI study group iscurrently developing the first a ctivity index specific forEosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE). None of the existing dysphagiaquestionnaires take into account the consistency of theingested food t hat considerably impacts the symptompresentation. Goal: To d evelop and evaluate an E oE-specificquestionnaire assessing dysphagia caused by foods of differentconsistencies.Methods: B ased on patient interviews and chart reviews, a nexpert panel ( EEsAI study g roup) identified internationallystandardizedfood prototypes t ypically a ssociated with EoErelateddysphagia. Food consistencies were c orrelated withEoE-related d ysphagia, t aking into account p otential f oodavoidance and f ood processing. This V isual D ysphagiaQuestionnaire (VDQ) was piloted in 20 patients and is currentlyevaluated in a cohort of 150 adult EoE patients.Results: T he following 8 food c onsistency prototypes w ereidentified: soft foods (pudding, jelly), grits, toast bread, Frenchfries, dry rice, ground meat, raw fibrous f oods (eg. apple,carrot), s olid m eat. Dysphagia was r anked o n a 4-point Likertscale (0=no difficulties; 3= severe difficulties, food will not pass).First analysis demonstrated that severity of dysphagia is relatedto the eosinophil load and presence of esophageal strictures.Conclusions: T he VDQ i s the first EoE-specific tool f orassessing dysphagia caused by i nternationally-standardizedfoods of different consistencies. This instrument also addressesfood avoidance behaviour and food processing habits. This toolperformed well in a p ilot study a nd is currently evaluated in acohort of 150 adult EoE patients.

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Modern cochlear implantation technologies allow deaf patients to understand auditory speech; however, the implants deliver only a coarse auditory input and patients must use long-term adaptive processes to achieve coherent percepts. In adults with post-lingual deafness, the high progress of speech recovery is observed during the first year after cochlear implantation, but there is a large range of variability in the level of cochlear implant outcomes and the temporal evolution of recovery. It has been proposed that when profoundly deaf subjects receive a cochlear implant, the visual cross-modal reorganization of the brain is deleterious for auditory speech recovery. We tested this hypothesis in post-lingually deaf adults by analysing whether brain activity shortly after implantation correlated with the level of auditory recovery 6 months later. Based on brain activity induced by a speech-processing task, we found strong positive correlations in areas outside the auditory cortex. The highest positive correlations were found in the occipital cortex involved in visual processing, as well as in the posterior-temporal cortex known for audio-visual integration. The other area, which positively correlated with auditory speech recovery, was localized in the left inferior frontal area known for speech processing. Our results demonstrate that the visual modality's functional level is related to the proficiency level of auditory recovery. Based on the positive correlation of visual activity with auditory speech recovery, we suggest that visual modality may facilitate the perception of the word's auditory counterpart in communicative situations. The link demonstrated between visual activity and auditory speech perception indicates that visuoauditory synergy is crucial for cross-modal plasticity and fostering speech-comprehension recovery in adult cochlear-implanted deaf patients.

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The kitten's auditory cortex (including the first and second auditory fields AI and AII) is known to send transient axons to either ipsi- or contralateral visual areas 17 and 18. By the end of the first postnatal month the transitory axons, but not their neurons of origin, are eliminated. Here we investigated where these neurons project after the elimination of the transitory axon. Eighteen kittens received early (postnatal day (pd) 2 - 5) injections of long lasting retrograde fluorescent traces in visual areas 17 and 18 and late (pd 35 - 64) injections of other retrograde fluorescent tracers in either hemisphere, mostly in areas known to receive projections from AI and AII in the adult cat. The middle ectosylvian gyrus was analysed for double-labelled neurons in the region corresponding approximately to AI and AII. Late injections in the contralateral (to the analysed AI, AII) hemisphere including all of the known auditory areas, as well as some visual and 'association' areas, did not relabel neurons which had had transient projections to either ipsi- or contralateral visual areas 17 - 18. Thus, AI and AII neurons after eliminating their transient juvenile projections to visual areas 17 and 18 do not project to the other hemisphere. In contrast, relabelling was obtained with late injections in several locations in the ipsilateral hemisphere; it was expressed as per cent of the population labelled by the early injections. Few neurons (0 - 2.5%) were relabelled by large injections in the caudal part of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus and the adjacent posterior suprasylvian sulcus (areas DP, P, VP). Multiple injections in the middle ectosylvian gyrus relabelled a considerably larger percentage of neurons (13%). Single small injections in the middle ectosylvian gyrus (areas AI, AII), the caudal part of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus and the rostral part of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus relabelled 3.1 - 7.0% of neurons. These neurons were generally near (<2.0 mm) the outer border of the late injection sites. Neurons with transient projections to ipsi- or contralateral visual areas 17 and 18 were relabelled in similar proportions by late injections at any given location. Thus, AI or AII neurons which send a transitory axon to ipsi- or contralateral visual areas 17 and 18 are most likely to form short permanent cortical connections. In that respect, they are similar to medial area 17 neurons that form transitory callosal axons and short permanent axons to ipsilateral visual areas 17 and 18.

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The current state of empirical investigations refers to consciousness as an all-or-none phenomenon. However, a recent theoretical account opens up this perspective by proposing a partial level (between nil and full) of conscious perception. In the well-studied case of single-word reading, short-lived exposure can trigger incomplete word-form recognition wherein letters fall short of forming a whole word in one's conscious perception thereby hindering word-meaning access and report. Hence, the processing from incomplete to complete word-form recognition straightforwardly mirrors a transition from partial to full-blown consciousness. We therefore hypothesized that this putative functional bottleneck to consciousness (i.e. the perceptual boundary between partial and full conscious perception) would emerge at a major key hub region for word-form recognition during reading, namely the left occipito-temporal junction. We applied a real-time staircase procedure and titrated subjective reports at the threshold between partial (letters) and full (whole word) conscious perception. This experimental approach allowed us to collect trials with identical physical stimulation, yet reflecting distinct perceptual experience levels. Oscillatory brain activity was monitored with magnetoencephalography and revealed that the transition from partial-to-full word-form perception was accompanied by alpha-band (7-11 Hz) power suppression in the posterior left occipito-temporal cortex. This modulation of rhythmic activity extended anteriorly towards the visual word form area (VWFA), a region whose selectivity for word-forms in perception is highly debated. The current findings provide electrophysiological evidence for a functional bottleneck to consciousness thereby empirically instantiating a recently proposed partial perspective on consciousness. Moreover, the findings provide an entirely new outlook on the functioning of the VWFA as a late bottleneck to full-blown conscious word-form perception.