Donne e precarietà del lavoro nell’industria bolognese dagli anni Cinquanta alla crisi degli anni Settanta

This dissertation uses the concept of “precariousness” to analyze women’s labour conditions in Italian industry over the Fifties and Sixties, when the agricultural basis of the Italian economy was replaced by an industrial one. The present research studies the way in which female work has been employed on different and nearly always inferior terms to male work, whether quantitatively or qualitatively. In most cases wages have been lower, periods of qualification and dequalification more unfavourable, and contract terms generally less secure than for male workers. The combination of these aspects of women work conditions has resulted in what will be called job precariousness. Job precariousness is adopted as a paradigm for an in-depth analysis of women’s working conditions. Women (like immigrants) have always experienced considerably worse working conditions than men throughout the capitalist industrial age. Even in the “Golden Age” of the 20th century (1945-1975), considered by most sociologists and economists “the era of job stability”, women’s working conditions were worse than men’s and can be defined precarious. Women in Bolognese industry are not an exception. The dissertation will show how many women’s jobs in industry were the opposite of stable and therefore can be called precarious in the period of 1950s and 1960s, when the Italian economy experienced the most intense economic and industrial growth of the 20th century. The comparison between female and male work conditions will address several aspects related to job precariousness: duration and continuity of work, salary variability, forms of discrimination and the relation between contract and social rights. In addition, attention will be paid to the forms of contract, gender-specific forms of discrimination and material working conditions of women.

L'immobilità del traduttore: la traduzione dei classici moderni inglesi in Italia

Translations, says Gideon Toury, are facts of target cultures – but the perceived status of source texts has a bearing on how these are reflected or refracted in the target language. This proposition is particularly evident in the case of classics: when translators have to work on literary creations occupying a pivotal position in the source/target cultures, they adopt strategies of literalness and ennoblement which betray a quasi-religious awe – on the one hand, a desire to ruffle the surface of the revered original as little as possible; and on the other, a determination to reproduce the supposed “classical qualities” of the classic even when they are not present in the source. In this dissertation, Paola Venturi studies how the “idea of classic” influences translation theory and practice, and substantiates her theoretical observations by looking at Italian translations of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century English classics. A marked – and historically determined – disparity between source and target readerships, and the translators’ reverence for their prestigious originals, conspire to produce Italian versions which are much more “wooden” and “elegant” than their English counterparts.

Economie locali, mondi globali. Per un'etnografia del microcredito in Italia

Local worlds, global economies. For an ethnography of microcredit in Italy. The research main purpose is to provide an anthropological analysis of a microcredit project targeting migrant women in Venice, Italy. Microcredit is a globally widespread financial strategy. Muhammad Yunus’ Grameen Bank success in Bangladesh was pivotal in promoting microfinance as one of the most important poverty alleviation strategies in the Development Countries. Post Industrial Countries adopted microcredit to foster “non bankable” categories – notably immigrants, women and young people - financial inclusion. The history of the Venice project is reconstructed starting from the perspectives of its main characters (promoters, social workers, beneficiaries and local stakeholders). Their positioned representations are analyzed in order to understand how different actors reproduced or renegotiated some of the main rhetorics underpinning the hegemonic “microcredit discourse”. Specifically, keywords such as “sustainability”, “empowerment” and “trust” are critically deconstructed to see how they are meant and translated into practice by different actors. Fieldwork data allows some considerations on the Italian way to microfinance.

La cultura architettonica del periodo normanno e l'influenza bizantina in Sicilia

The arguments of the thesis is the relationship between the Norman domination and the Greek-speaking people living in Sicily and Southern Italy. Particularly the ascendancy of the greek culture on the norman architecture and his role in the construction of the Norman Kingdom.

La privatizzazione del processo civile: esperienza italiana e francese a confronto

La tesi di dottorato affronta uno dei temi più delicati e attuali relativi al processo civile, vale a dire quello della sua privatizzazione, offrendo una comparazione tra la situazione italiana e quella francese, ed analizzando in particolare gli istituti del calendario del processo e dei protocolli d'udienza.

Espressione e ruolo funzionale di interleuchina-33 e del suo recettore, ST2, nelle malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali

IL-33 is a novel member of the IL-1 family and ligand for the IL-1 receptor-related protein, ST2. Recent evidence suggests that the IL-33/ST2 axis plays a critical role in several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders; however, its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been clearly defined. We characterized IL-33 and ST2 expression and modulation following conventional anti-TNF therapy in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and investigated the role of IL-33 in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice, a mixed Th1/Th2 model of IBD. Our results showed a specific increase of mucosal IL-33 in active UC, localized primarily to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and colonic inflammatory infiltrates. Importantly, increased expression of full-length IL-33, representing the most bioactive form, was detected in UC epithelium, while elevated levels of cleaved IL-33 were present in IBD serum. ST2 isoforms were differentially modulated in UC epithelium and sST2, a soluble decoy receptor with anti-inflammatory properties, was also elevated in IBD serum. Infliximab (anti-TNF) treatment of UC decreased circulating IL-33 and increased sST2, while stimulation of HT-29 IEC confirmed IL-33 and sST2 regulation by TNF. Similarly, IL-33 significantly increased and correlated with disease severity, and potently induced IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17 from mucosal immune cells in SAMP mice. Taken together, the IL-33/ST2 system plays an important role in IBD and experimental colitis, is modulated by anti-TNF therapy, and may represent a specific biomarker for active UC.

El material didáctico para la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera en Italia: el papel de los elementos culturales en la construcción de la imagen de “lo hispánico”

In this work we examine the reference to cultural elements in a sample of 13 textbooks of Spanish as a foreign language for Italian students. The aim is to observe how they treat the cultural component in the particular context of Spanish language teaching to Italians. In this context, especially relevant issues are the linguistic and cultural proximity between Italy and Spain, and the present fascination for Spain, which has given rise to some interesting phenomena, among others, a massive emigration of Italian youths to Spain.

Le tecnologie di geolocalizzazione nel settore del trasporto

La presente ricerca si articola idealmente in tre sezioni. La prima sezione ha natura eminentemente tecnica e mira a descrivere le caratteristiche di funzionamento delle principali tecnologie di geolocalizzazione e ad analizzare la questione della tutelabilità mediante diritti di privativa dei dati relativi alla posizione geografica; la seconda sezione introduce in termini generali il tema della compatibilità fra le diverse tecnologie di geolocalizzazione e le norme in materia di tutela delle persone rispetto al trattamento dei dati personali; la terza sezione, infine, che si basa su di un case study condotto a livello sia nazionale sia europeo, è volta ad individuare i vantaggi, le utilità in senso ampio, derivanti dall'utilizzo delle tecnologie di geolocalizzazione con particolare riferimento al trasporto locale di persone, valutando le cautele particolari che debbono essere osservate per il rispetto del diritto alla privacy di utenti e lavoratori.

Yves Bonnefoy traduttore di Shakespeare: il poeta e la prova del dialogo

Contemporary French poet Yves Bonnefoy has always been attracted by English poetry, especially by Shakespeare’s work. Translating Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets has been a fundamental experience for him. The contact with a different culture, a different language and a different sort of poetry has been an important moment in his poetic experience. The dialogue between the French and the Elizabethan poet, which started in the 1950s, hasn't stopped yet and it offers some interesting perspectives to study Bonnefoy's work from a new point of view. Translation – which is first of all a poetic experience to him – is in fact the chance to get in touch with somebody else's poetry and to establish a dialogue with his poetic universe. Such a dialogue requires on the one hand an ‘ethic’ attitude on the translator's part, that is an attentive listening and a deep understanding of the original text. However, Bonnefoy has to create a new ‘poetic’ text in his own language. This is why the ‘seeds’ of his own poetry are also present in his translated texts, in which it is possible to clearly distinguish both the presence of the French poet’s own voice and his attempt to open his ‘speech’ to the specific quality of the Shakespearean poetry. On the other hand, such a deep contact with Shakespeare's work has changed the French poet, contributing to the development and maturity of his own poetry. Indeed, the Elizabethan poet is present in his work in different ways, in his critical essays as well as in his poems. Against this background, the aim of the present study is to define the complex dialogic forms and the osmotic relationships between the poetic experience and the experience of translation, which are considered two different moments of the same ontological research by the French poet.