Desenvolvimento territorial e a política nacional de água em Moçambique: o caso do distrito de Chibuto

The development has been a phenomenon in constant discussion today, whose fundamental importance should be to promote the welfare of humanity. Thus, the development becomes an element that adds political, economic, social and environmental values . In Mozambique the development model adopted by the State prioritizes the economic dimension, in this case favoring the growth of capitalist structure production. Thus , the basic conditions for human survival still leaves much to be desired and the Mozambican population in general and the district of Chibuto , in particular , continue to face several difficulties to have access to such conditions, and the lack of potable water is a that most of the problems afflicting this population . The water was always a factor related to the socio-economic development of the population, where great civilizations and major economic marks were always influenced by water availability, and today this feature is present in all sectors of production. In Mozambique, much effort has been made by the government, national and international organizations to enhance and guarantee the supply of potable and drinking water, and despite all this effort, most of the population does not have access to this precious resource. In this sense, this work presents an analysis of the effects of the National Water Policy in the study area, analyzes the shortage of potable water in the district of Chibuto, discusses the design and development contained in the official discourse of the state and, opposes the idea of human development. For such issues that help to understand the phenomenon under study, such as territory, public policy and criticism of hegemonic conception of development are addressed. To make the desired approach, we performed a characterization of the District of Chibuto, addressing the issue of poverty, with a brief discussion of this concept, from different approaches, and analyze the impact of the PARPA (Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty) in fighting poverty in Mozambique, and became a description of the scenario of poverty and vulnerability in Chibuto district with the construction of Territorial Human Development Index. Research also brings up a discussion about territory and technicization which describes the senary of the water supply system in the District and territorial dynamics of Chibuto, from the analysis and description of existing structures and other technical objects that structure the territory under study. Thus, it was found that the development should be summarized in the satisfaction of human needs, and should be the cornerstone of the new type of development that is intended for the purpose of triggering urgently actions to overcome or combat bleak misery suffered by the majority of inhabitants of the District of Chibuto

Desenvolvimento de um Questionário Quantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar (QQFA) para gestantes usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Correlação entre habilidades básicas de leitura e compreensão de leitura

Este estudo objetivou verificar a correlação entre habilidades básicas de leitura (tempo, velocidade, precisão) e compreensão de leitura de 80 escolares do 2º ao 5º ano do Ensino Público Municipal, divididos em oito grupos, conforme o ano escolar e a presença ou não de dificuldade de aprendizagem. Como procedimento, utilizou-se a leitura oral de textos correspondentes ao ano escolar, seguida de perguntas abertas para verificação da compreensão de leitura. em todos os grupos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante com correlação entre tempo de leitura e velocidade de leitura. No grupo VI, foi observada correlação entre palavras lidas incorretamente e velocidade de leitura, enquanto o grupo VII apresentou correlação entre palavras lidas incorretamente, velocidade de leitura e compreensão de leitura. Esses dados sugerem que a habilidade de compreensão de leitura requer capacidades cognitivas de alto nível, que vão além de habilidades básicas, sendo fundamental elaborar uma representação mental do conteúdo proposicional para obter o significado global da mensagem escrita.

Terapêutica com doses profiláticas de sulfato ferroso como medida de intervenção no combate à carência de ferro em crianças atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde

Objetivou-se testar a terapêutica com doses profiláticas de sulfato ferroso no combate à anemia carencial ferropriva, em 620 crianças de 4 a 36 meses de idade, atendidas em duas unidades de saúde do Município de São Paulo, Brasil. As crianças foram submetidas a coleta de sangue para dosagem de hemoglobina. em seguida, foi prescrito dosagem de 12 mg/dia de ferro elementar, por 30 dias. Observou-se que 25% dos menores de 6 meses apresentaram níveis de hemoglobina inferiores a 11,0 g/dl. As maiores ocorrências de anemia foram detectadas entre os 9 e 23 meses de idade (50,0%). Decorrido o prazo, apenas 37,4% das crianças com anemia e 52,4% das não anêmicas retornaram para reavaliação. Das 299 que foram reavaliadas, somente 157 (52,5%) receberam a medicação corretamente. A freqüência de hemoglobinas inferiores a 9,5 g/dl caiu de 17,1% no início, para 8,1% ao final da intervenção. Por outro lado, o percentual de crianças com hemoglobinas superiores a 12,0 g/dl subiu de 13,4%, para 33,4%. As que receberam a suplementação férrica de forma correta registraram queda nos índices de anemia sensivelmente maior que a observada naquelas suplementadas de forma incorreta. Concluiu-se que a terapêutica com doses profiláticas de sulfato ferroso, apesar de se mostrar eficiente na recuperação dos níveis de hemoglobina, apresenta sérios entraves do ponto de vista operacional.

Anemia em crianças menores de dois anos atendidas nas unidades básicas de saúde no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The present study sought to determine the prevalence of anemia in 2,992 children, aged between 6 and 23 months, who voluntarily attended 160 Basis Health Care Units, located in 63 cities of the 5 Regional Health Coordinating areas of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil. Blood samples were collected by venous puncture and hemoglobin was measured by the cianometahemoglobin method. The WHO criteria for the diagnosis of anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) were used: 59.1% of the children were shown to be anemic, with prevalence varying from 47.8% to 68.7% in the 5 RHCs. RHC 1, which comprises the Greater S. Paulo Region, presented a prevalence of anemia significantly lower than the other 4 RHCs, which cover the rest of the State. Hemoglobin levels 9.5 g/dl were found in 25.1% of the children. Anemia was more frequent in male children in male children, in those born, with a weight of less than 3,000 gr, in those who were breastfed for less than 2 months and in those that who presented some degree of energy deficient proteic malnutrition, according to Gomez's criteria. This is the first of a series of 4 articles whose purpose is the determining the prevalence of anemia in the State of S. Paulo and of testing the intervention alternatives with a view to curtailing the incidence of this pathology which today is the most prevalent nutritional disturbance in the world.

Trayectoria de las pensiones básicas en el Brasil

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Características básicas y retos de la descentralización en Brasil

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Manual de comercio exterior y política comercial. Nociones básicas, clasificaciones e indicadores de posición y dinamismo

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¿Cómo lograr una educación de calidad: qué nos enseñan las escuelas? ¿qué podemos aprender de la escuelas básicas de Programa P900 de Chile?

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El método de las necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI) y sus aplicaciones en América Latina

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La medida de necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI) como instrumento de medición de la pobreza y focalización de programas

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Grau de dependência de idosos hospitalizados para realização das atividades básicas da vida diária1

This study aimed to identify the level of dependence in elderly inpatients when performing Basic Activities of Daily Living. This quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the Adult Ward of the Botucatu University Hospital Emergency Unit - UNESP, Brazil. Data was collected by means of interviews, observation, and individual medical chart consultation, to be analyzed via logistic regression using the statistical software package SAS for Windows, version 9.2. The sample consisted of 71 subjects with a mean age of 74.30 years. It was observed that 30.99% of the older individuals showed to be independent in performing the proposed activities; 22.53% were partly dependent; and 46.48% were fully dependent. Gerontology care must aim at maintaining functional conditions, thus promoting independence and preserving these individuals' dignity.

Comparação entre as necessidades energéticas prescritas e administradas a pacientes em terapia nutricional enteral

Objective: evaluating the adequacy, prescription and energy supply of enteral nutrition therapy in hospitalized patients. Methods: was performed a retrospective survey of the evolution of TNE protocol of 59 patients hospitalized in a general hospital in Marília / SP / BR. Data collected included gender, age, clinical diagnosis, anthropometric and dietary data related to the prescribed dietary formula, route and method of administration of the enteral nutrition, the daily volume prescribed and administered, the daily amount of energy required and offered in the diet, as well as possible complications. Body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF) and arm muscle circumference (AMC) were used to establish the nutritional status of the patients. The adequacy of ENT was done according to the daily energy requirement compared to the average energy received during the daily use of ENT. Results: The average found to the BMI was 21.4 kg/m 2, and no differences were found comparing male and female. The data for TSF and AMC were different between genders (p<0.05) and suggest a more severe muscle mass in relation to adipose tissue. The averaged to the energy requirements was 1642 kcal/day but the average of energy prescribed was 1045 kcal/day and the amount offered was 1035 kcal/day. There was a significant difference between the necessity and the supplied energy offered through enteral nutrition (p=0.00) as well between the energy required and prescribed (p =0.00), both were shorter than the necessity. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in energy supply, volume of enteral nutrition prescribed and administered among eutrophic, underweight or overweight patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the prescription and energy supply were not based on the needs of these patients, causing a significant energy deficit, which can lead to worsening of the nutritional status of the same. In hospitalized patients in use of ENT, the energy requirement must be made by a qualified professional within the multidisciplinary team, based on the needs of each patient.