科尔沁沙地15种禾本科植物种子萌发特性比较

在实验室条件下,观测了科尔沁沙地乌兰敖都地区禾本科植物当年新采种子的萌发特点。15种植物中,披碱草、糙隐子草、冠芒草、大油芒、芦苇、虎尾草、野古草、狼尾草的发芽率超过80％,水稗草、牛鞭草、虱子草、狗尾草的发芽率不足10％。1～3d开始发芽的植物有大油芒、画眉、芦苇、虎尾草、披碱草、冠芒草、毛马唐、糙隐子草、超过10d基本不发芽的植物包括狗尾草、虱子草、牛鞭草.发芽持续期小于10d的植物包括毛马唐、水稗草、芦苇、画眉草、大油芒;发芽持续期21～30d的植物有披碱草、冠芒草。发芽种子超过总发芽种子的50％需要天数为虎尾草2d,芦苇3d,大油芒4d,披碱草5d,糙隐子草5d,野古草7d,冠芒草7d,狼尾草10d。与英国Sheffield地区相比,乌兰敖都地区一年生禾草发芽率低的所占比重更大,发芽更为缓慢;乌兰敖都地区多年生禾草的发芽率差别很小,但发芽更为缓慢。杂草植物萌发的风险分摊能力相对明显,因此抗干扰能力相对较强。

The Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel (E,E)-Dioxime and its Mono- and Heterotrinuclear Complexes Containing an 18-Membered Dioxadithiadiazamacrocycle

The novel (E,E)-dioxime, 5,6:17,18-dibenzo-11,12-(4-nitrobenzo)-2,3-bis(hydroxyimino)-7,16-dithia-10,13-dioxa-1,4-diazacyclooctadecane) (H2L), has been synthesized from reaction of (E,E)-dichloroglyoxime (1) with 2,3:14,15-dibenzo 8,9-(4-nitrobenzo)-4,13-dithia-7,10-dioxa-1,16-diazahegzadecane (2). The mononuclear Co(III) complex (4) of this dioxime was prepared by oxidation of the cobalt (II) complex. The -capped Co(III) complex (5) was synthesized by using a precursor Co(III) complex and boron trifluoride dietherate. The heterotrinuclear complexes (6) and (7) were prepared by reaction of (5) with NiCl2·6H2O and CdCl2·H2O, respectively. In addition, the homotrinuclear Cu(II) complex (8), has also been prepared by the reaction of this dioxime with CuCl2·H2O. The structures of the dioxime and its complexes were identified by using elemental analysis, 1H- and 13C-NMR, IR, and mass spectral data.

稳定性核素~(15)N在农业研究中的应用

稳定性核素示踪是现代农业研究中一门新兴技术。稳定性核素15N作为一种有效手段在农业施肥研究、氮素循环研究中发挥着极为重要的作用。本文介绍了15N的相关概念,列举了20世纪80年代以来15N在氮肥研究、氮素转化研究以及农业环境保护中的应用进展,阐明了应用15N的新技术已解决的问题,以及将要解决的问题,并展望了性核素示踪技术的应用前景。

抑制剂及其组合对尿素~(15)N在小麦土壤系统中的行为和归宿的影响

应用加有脲酶抑制剂 (HQ)、硝化抑制剂 (DCD)及其组合的标记尿素进行春小麦盆栽试验 .结果表明 ,在生长季节结束时 ,小麦回收 ,土壤残留和损失的肥料N各占施入N量的 1 7.65～ 2 3.69%、43.72～ 56.32 %和 1 9.99～ 36.77% .其中 ,与单施尿素相比 ,两种抑制剂配合使用处理的肥料N总回收率高 1 6.78% ,小麦回收高 5.96% .施用氮肥对籽粒贡献最大 ,占吸收肥料N量 43.3～ 62 .0 % .

近15年海南岛林地资源时空动态特征及政策驱动

遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的发展为林地资源的调查和时空变化分析提供了有效手段。该文在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,利用中国资源环境数据库中1985年、1995年和2000年3期林地类型空间分布数据,通过建立林地资源时空演变模型,对海南岛林地资源变化的时空特征进行了定量分析,结果表明:1985年～2000年15年内,海南岛林地发生了大幅度的变化,而且空间差异非常明显,其中最近5年林地变化的广度和深度都远远超过了前10年。1985年～1995年海南岛林地资源总量出现大幅度增加,尤其是有林地的增长特别明显;而1995年～2000年大量的林地转为耕地和城镇建设用地,该时期有林地、灌木林和疏林地都出现大幅度减少。从空间格局来看,海口市在整个15年内,林地的变化始终最为突出,东部沿海县市,如文昌、琼海、万宁、陵水、保亭等林地变化的动态度和减少的数量都远远大于其他地区。文章还进一步分析了政策因子对林地资源变化的影响。

Nitrogen-15 signals of leaf-litter-soil continuum as a possible indicator of ecosystem nitrogen saturation by forest succession and N loads

National Key Research and Development Program [2010CB833502]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30600071, 40601097, 30590381]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-432, O7V70080SZ, LENOM07LS-01]; GUCAS [O85101PM03]

Study on structure and molecular dynamics of starch/poly(sodium acrylate)grafted superabsorbent by C-13 solid state NMR

The domain-structure of samples containing a series of starch/poly(sodium acrylate)-grafted superabsorbents, pure starch, pure poly(sodium acrylate), and blend of starch/poly(sodium acrylate) has been studied by high-resolution solid-state C-13 NMR spectroscopy at room temperature. The result shows that the crystallinity of starch decreases greatly in the grafted and blended samples.

Mo掺杂对高纯Ce_(1-x)Nd_xO_(2-x/2)(x=0.10,0.15)体系烧结温度及晶界电性能的影响

用柠檬酸硝酸盐法制备高纯Ce1-xNdxO2-x/2(x=0.10,0.15)固溶体,加入摩尔分数为5%的Mo,研究了Mo掺杂对烧结温度、结构及电性能的影响.通过X射线衍射、电感偶合等离子体和场发射扫描电镜等手段对氧化物进行了结构表征,采用交流阻抗谱测试其电性能.柠檬酸硝酸盐法制备的前驱体经1450℃烧结24 h得到致密度大于96%的陶瓷材料;加入5%Mo,在1250℃下烧结8 h即可达到理想的致密度(>95%).加入Mo在烧结过程中可加快晶界迁移,促进晶粒生长,显著提高了晶界电导率.在600℃时Ce0.85Nd0.15O1.925的晶界电导率为2.56 S/m,加入Mo后材料的电导率增加到5.62 S/m.

Ternary lanthanide (Er3+, Nd3+, Yb3+, Sm3+, Pr3+) complex-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 materials that emit in the near-infrared range

The tertiary lanthanide complexes [Ln(hfth)(3)phen] (Ln=Er, Nd, Yb, Sm) and [Pr(tfnb)(3)phen] have been Successfully covalently attached in the ordered SBA-15 mesoporous materials via a functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline group 5-(N,N-bis-3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)ureyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Phen-Si). The derivative materials [denoted as Ln(hfth)(3)phen-S15 and Pr(tfnb)(3)phen-S15; Ln=Er, Yb, Nd, Sm; hfth=4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-thienyl)hexane-1,3-dionate; tfnb=4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedionate] were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N-2 adsorption/desorption.

Near-infrared emission from novel tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate)lanthanide(III) complexes-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15

A novel mesoporous material covalently bonded with 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) was synthesized (designated as Q-SBA-15). The 5-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline grafted to.(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, that is, alkoxysilane modified 8-hydroxyquinoline (Q-Si), was used as one of the precursors for the preparation of the Q-SBA-15 material. On the basis of the other function of the Q-Si of coordinating to lanthanide (Ln) ions, for the first time, the LnQ(3) complexes (Ln = Er, Nd, Yb) have been covalently bonded to the SBA-15 materials.