749 resultados para Monuments
Resumo:
When 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck Nepal in 2015, many monuments, temples and houses turned into rubbles killing more than 8,000 people and injuring above 21,000. This unfortunate and tragic natural disaster brought international attention to Nepal. But in this time of despair and pain there was a sign of hope that should be acknowledged well, the spirit of community facing the disaster. This paper is about the indigenous community of Kathmandu on how they organized an important traditional festival just four months after the disaster when most the people were still living in the makeshifts, along with the smaller aftershock continuing almost everyday. In the country like Nepal with numerous intangible heritages, which is, still living is not taken seriously by the concerned authorities and mostly been neglected. It is the indigenous community who has been carrying out those heritages, as they are inseparable aspect of the social life. With this paper it tries look at the community involvement and intangible heritage of Kathmandu Valley, which is a part of my PhD research thesis.
Resumo:
This article focuses on the connections between built heritage-making and socioeconomic renewal in declining rural areas. Drawing on fieldwork in twelve rural villages in eastern Portugal, it sheds light on the outcomes of a State-led programme, the objectives of which were to renovate the historic built fabric and generate tourism revenue for a region with declining population levels. Overall, the programme was successful in terms of preservation / conservation of monuments and the built fabric, but failed to stimulate the anticipated social and economic development. The conclusion is that the making of heritage spaces is not the remedy for the economic and demographic ills of rural areas, notwithstanding the positive effect that such measures may have in certain cases.
Resumo:
O objectivo deste trabalho criar acervo documental correspondente s catorze estelas funerrias da Idade do Bronze Final encontradas em territrio portugus, e, contribuir para o estudo das comunidades humanas que as criaram, tendo em conta que estas manifestaes devem reflectir questes de ndole social, econmica e ideolgica. A iconografia presente nestes monumentos e a sua distribuio, revelaram um ncleo de caractersticas predominantemente atlnticas, em estelas de sub-tipos mais recuados, localizadas nas regies de Vila Real em Trs-os-Montes e Beira Interior que, por sua vez, se prolonga na Extremadura Espanhola. A concentrao de monumentos de tipologia mais tardia e com influncias do Mediterrneo Oriental, verifica-se em zonas a sul, no Alentejo e Algarve e ao longo da bacia fluvial do rio Guadalquivir, em territrio espanhol. Estes factos corroboram assim, aspectos propostos nos anos setenta do sculo XX, por M. V. Gomes e J. P. Monteiro, que valorizaram as origens diferenciadas para os elementos iconogrficos das estelas decoradas da Idade do Bronze Final, da Pennsula Ibrica e ofereceram evoluo cronolgica de tais monumentos.
Resumo:
In todays world heritage worldwide are at the risk not only because of natural process of decay and destruction but also by social change like urbanization, globalization and homogenization of cultures. With these emerging problems, the heritage conservation discourse also has reached to a new dimension including broader range of concepts like tangible heritage, intangible heritage, community participation, indigenous knowledge and many more. Even with the changing scenario in the international context about the heritage conservation, Nepals heritage conservation still focus on monuments, sites and buildings. In add to that the conservation practices are still top-down approach and community involvements are limited only in plans. While numerous intangible heritages like masking dances chariot processions, festivals and rituals, which form an integral part of the daily social life of people are still being continued and managed by the community and its people, without with out serious attention form the government. In Kathmandu Valley these heritages has been maintained with the traditional social association of people known as Guthi which has been continuing since 5th Century. Most of the tangible and intangible heritages have survived for centuries because of this unique association of people. Among the numerous festivals of the Kathmandu Valley, the festival Yenya Punhi was chosen as a case for this study, which is also a major festival of Kathmandu. This festival is the perfect example for the study as its celebrated in the city that is the most urbanized city of Nepal with the challenges of the every modern city like social changes and urbanization. Despite modern challenges Guthi still plays a major role in the heritage conservation in Kathmandu Valley. Now there are some interventions of the various formal institutions. So this study will be focusing on the management, continuity and problems of the festival along with Nepals position in terms of intangible heritage conservation. The problem of Kathmandu and Yenya Punhi festival is the problem of every country in the similar situation so with this case study it can be a good example for finding solutions of the similar problem not only the other festivals within Nepal but also elsewhere in the world; Resumo: Conexo de Patrimnio: Festival Yenya Punhi um caminho de fortalecimento de identidade: A experincia de Catmandu Nos dias de hoje, os patrimnios mundiais encontram-se em risco, no s devido ao processo natural de degradao e destruio, mas tambm pelas mudanas sociais, tais como a urbanizao, globalizao e homogeneizao de culturas. Com o emergir destes problemas, o discurso de conservao de Patrimnio atingiu tambm uma nova dimenso, inclundo uma rea mais abrangente de conceitos, como por exemplo, patrimnio material, patrimnio imaterial, participao da comunidade, conhecimento indgena, entre outros. Mesmo com este cenrio de mudana no contexto mundial de conservao do patrimnio, a preservao do patrimnio do Nepal continua a focar-se em monumentos, stios e edficios. A acrescentar a isso, as prticas de conservao ainda tm uma abordagem descendente e os envolvimentos da comunidade so limitados por planificaes. Enquanto que os numerosos patrimnios imateriais como danas com mscaras, procisses, festivais e rituais, os quais formam uma parte integral da vida diria social das pessoas que as continuam e as gerem em comunidade, sem uma ateno sria por parte do governo. No Vale de Catmandu, este patrimnio tem sido mantido pela associao tradicional de pessoas conhecidas como ''Guthi'' desde o sculo V. A maior parte destes patrimnios materiais e imateriais tem sobrevivido durante sculos graas a esta associao nica de pessoas. Entre os numerosos festivais do Vale de Catmandu, o festival Yenya Puhni foi escolhido para este estudo, pois tambm um grande festival em Catmandu. Este festival o exemplo perfeito para este estudo, pois celebrado na cidade mais urbanizada do Nepal, com os desafios das cidades modernas tais como mudanas sociais e urbanizao. Apesar dos desafios da modernizao, os ''Guthi'' ainda desempenham um papel importante na preservao do patrimnio do Vale de Catmandu. Agora, existem algumas intervenes de vrias instituies formais Ento, este estudo ir focar-se na gesto, continuidade e problemas do festival, juntamente com a posio do Nepal em termos de conservao de patrimnio imaterial. O problema de Catmandu e do festival Yenya Punhi o problema de todos os pases em situao semelhante ento, este estudo pode ser um bom exemplo para encontrar solues de problemas parecidos, no s em outros festivais no Nepal mas tambm para qualquer parte do mundo.
Resumo:
This paper reviews current research works at the authors Institutions to illustrate how mobile robotics and related technologies can be used to enhance economical fruition, control, protection and social impact of the cultural heritage. Robots allow experiencing on-line, from remote locations, tours at museums, archaeological areas and monuments. These solutions avoid travelling costs, increase beyond actual limits the number of simultaneous visitors, and prevent possible damages that can arise by over-exploitation of fragile environments. The same tools can be used for exploration and monitoring of cultural artifacts located in difficult to reach or dangerous areas. Examples are provided by the use of underwater robots in the exploration of deeply submerged archaeological areas. Besides, technologies commonly employed in robotics can be used to help exploring, monitoring and preserving cultural artifacts. Examples are provided by the development of procedures for data acquisition and mapping and by object recognition and monitoring algorithms.
Resumo:
Esta dissertao pretende contribuir no mbito da gesto e valorizao do Patrimnio Histrico-Cultural, para o estabelecimento de uma estratgia de valorizao e enriquecimento dos currculos escolares portugueses do Ensino Bsico, como forma de divulgar, preservar e educar para o Patrimnio de um pas. Neste contexto emergiu um design de investigao que se afigura pertinente e centrado na prtica docente ao fazer um estudo de caso, baseado na opinio recolhida junto dos alunos do 1 ciclo do ensino bsico de um agrupamento de escolas sobre a noo que os mesmos tm de Patrimnio. A compreenso e valorizao da Educao Patrimonial num processo contnuo de descoberta e aprendizagem so tarefas que s a "Escola" pode fazer, formando os indivduos tomando-os competentes nesta rea do conhecimento. Os objectos patrimoniais, monumentos, stios e centros histricos, ou o patrimnio imaterial e natural, so recursos educacionais importantes, permitem a aquisio de competncias motivacionais, para qualquer rea do currculo ou aproximam reas aparentemente distantes no processo de ensino e cidadania. ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to contribute in the management and enhancement of Cultural - Heritage for the establishment of a strategy for recovery and enrichment of school curricula elementary Portuguese as a means to educate, preserve and disclose to the heritage of a country. ln this context emerged a research design that seem relevant and focused on teaching to make a case study, based on the feedback gathered from pupils of 1 primary school, a grouping of schools on the notion that their balance sheets. Understanding and appreciation of Heritage Education in a continuous process of discovery and learning are tasks that only the School can do, forming the individuals making them competent in this field of knowledge. Heritage objects, monuments, sites and historical centres, or intangible and natural heritage, are important educational resources, enable the motivational skills acquisition, to any area of the curriculum or assemble seemingly distant areas in education and citizenship.
Resumo:
Natural stone has been a popular and reliable building material throughout history appearing in many historic monuments and in more recent buildings. Research into the intrinsic properties of specific stones is important because it gives us a greater understanding of the factors that limit and act on them. This can help prevent serious problems from occurring in our buildings bringing both esthetic benefits and financial savings. To this end, the main objective of this research has been to study the influence of the fabric and the mineral composition of two types of sandstone on their durability. The first is a red continental sandstone from the Buntsandstein Age called Molinaza Roja, which is quarried in Montoro (Cordoba). The second is quarried in Ronda (Malaga) and is sold under the trade name of Arenisca Ronda. It is a light pink-whitish calcarenite deposited during the Late Tortonian to Late Messinian. We characterized their petrological and petrophysical properties by studying their rock fabrics, porous systems and mechanical properties. In order to obtain a complete vision of the behavior of their rock fabrics, we also carried out two decay tests, the salt crystallization and the freezethaw tests. We then measured the effects on the textures of the altered samples during and after the decay tests and we evaluated the changes in the porous system. By comparing the results between intact and altered samples, we found that Arenisca Ronda is less durable because it has a high quantity of expandable clays (smectites) and a high percentage of pores in the 0.11 m range, in which the pressure produced by salt crystallization is strongest. In Molinaza Roja the decay agents caused significant sanding due to loss of cohesion between the clasts, especially during the salt crystallization test. In both stones, the anisotropies (oriented textures) have an important role in their hydric and dynamic behavior and also affect their mechanical properties (especially in the compression resistance). No changes in color were detected.
Resumo:
Mode of access: Internet.
Resumo:
la fin du 19e sicle, lIran commence se transformer radicalement. Ce changement est le rsultat dun processus de mtamorphose socioculturelle, avec le dsir deffacer les mthodes du pass et de recommencer ; une ambition de faire un renouvellement fondamental dans la socit, en bnficiant des grandes ides progressistes de l'Occident moderne. Cette volont sest renforce la suite des premires visites en Europe dtudiants et de Nassereddin Shah, le roi de l'Iran, dans les annes 1870. Dans ce contexte, les Iraniens et leurs gouvernants, considrant leurs infriorits politico-conomiques, ont dcid de remplacer les frustrations internationales par des ides nationalistes et une propagande de suprmatie raciale ou religieuse, notamment concertant l'identit culturelle . Suivant ces tentatives pour rformer les infrastructures sociopolitiques de l'Iran, tous les domaines culturels du pays, incluant larchitecture, ont t modifis, selon les idologies des dirigeants de lIran pendant trois priodes historiques du pays : l'poque Qadjar (ds le rgne de Nassereddin Shah en 1848), l'poque Pahlavi (1925-1979) et l'poque Post-rvolution islamique (1979- jusqu' prsent). L'ide gnrale de notre mmoire est d'tudier le processus de modernisation de l'architecture de l'Iran, de mme que les influences majeures de tous ces changements, concrtiss par des fusions clectiques et des ides pluralistes souvent bases sur la politique. De l, en usant des approches de lhistoire sociale et culturelle de lart, nous analysons des exemples de monuments de l'architecture publique de l'Iran depuis l'entre de l'Iran dans la modernit, pour chacune des trois priodes mentionnes. Cela, afin de comprendre si les architectes iraniens ont trouv de nouvelles conceptions pour oprer un dploiement cratif des principes traditionnels et pour trouver de nouvelles orientations dans le processus gnral de leur volution architecturale. Autrement dit, nous cherchons savoir si l'architecture iranienne, avec tous les changements stylistiques dans le processus de conceptualisation, a pu trouver - depuis l'intervention de la modernit occidentale et de l'architecture moderne - son propre langage de la modernit en architecture.
Resumo:
la fin du 19e sicle, lIran commence se transformer radicalement. Ce changement est le rsultat dun processus de mtamorphose socioculturelle, avec le dsir deffacer les mthodes du pass et de recommencer ; une ambition de faire un renouvellement fondamental dans la socit, en bnficiant des grandes ides progressistes de l'Occident moderne. Cette volont sest renforce la suite des premires visites en Europe dtudiants et de Nassereddin Shah, le roi de l'Iran, dans les annes 1870. Dans ce contexte, les Iraniens et leurs gouvernants, considrant leurs infriorits politico-conomiques, ont dcid de remplacer les frustrations internationales par des ides nationalistes et une propagande de suprmatie raciale ou religieuse, notamment concertant l'identit culturelle . Suivant ces tentatives pour rformer les infrastructures sociopolitiques de l'Iran, tous les domaines culturels du pays, incluant larchitecture, ont t modifis, selon les idologies des dirigeants de lIran pendant trois priodes historiques du pays : l'poque Qadjar (ds le rgne de Nassereddin Shah en 1848), l'poque Pahlavi (1925-1979) et l'poque Post-rvolution islamique (1979- jusqu' prsent). L'ide gnrale de notre mmoire est d'tudier le processus de modernisation de l'architecture de l'Iran, de mme que les influences majeures de tous ces changements, concrtiss par des fusions clectiques et des ides pluralistes souvent bases sur la politique. De l, en usant des approches de lhistoire sociale et culturelle de lart, nous analysons des exemples de monuments de l'architecture publique de l'Iran depuis l'entre de l'Iran dans la modernit, pour chacune des trois priodes mentionnes. Cela, afin de comprendre si les architectes iraniens ont trouv de nouvelles conceptions pour oprer un dploiement cratif des principes traditionnels et pour trouver de nouvelles orientations dans le processus gnral de leur volution architecturale. Autrement dit, nous cherchons savoir si l'architecture iranienne, avec tous les changements stylistiques dans le processus de conceptualisation, a pu trouver - depuis l'intervention de la modernit occidentale et de l'architecture moderne - son propre langage de la modernit en architecture.
Resumo:
El conflicto armado en Guatemala se origin por el abuso de poder, la desigualdad, la exclusin y la profunda discriminacin, sobre todo hacia la poblacin indgena, a la que se le han desconocido histricamente sus derechos y que fue la ms afligida durante el conflicto. Lo que desemboc en el nacimiento de grupos al margen de la ley, cuyo propsito fue reivindicar los derechos de la poblacin, as como la equidad y justicia social. El conflicto se caracteriz por la formacin de grupos paramilitares, la violacin al Derecho Internacional Humanitario, el elevado nmero de vctimas del conflicto, mayoritariamente indgenas y porque ms del 85% de las violaciones a los derechos humanos fueron perpetradas por el Estado. Gracias a la voluntad poltica, al respaldo de la comunidad internacional, especialmente de la Organizacin de Naciones Unidas -ONU, y a los buenos oficios de la Comisin Nacional de Reconciliacin CNR, se lograron firmar los Acuerdos de Paz y dar fin a este cruento conflicto de ms de 36 aos. Las partes firmantes vieron la necesidad de que un ente autnomo e imparcial de Naciones Unidas, verificara el cumplimiento de La Misin de Naciones Unidas en Guatemala - MINUGUA contribuy a la promocin, defensa y garanta de los derechos de la poblacin indgena guatemalteca. Especficamente, incidi en el cumplimiento de los compromisos contenidos en el Acuerdo sobre Identidad y Derechos de los Pueblos Indgenas guatemaltecos AIDPI, que fue suscrito el 31 de marzo de 1995, asimismo, contribuy a la garanta del derecho a la justicia de la poblacin indgena, lo que se evidenci en las acciones y el papel que desempe en los componentes de verdad, justicia y reparacin.
Resumo:
In this paper we will present the latest results chronometric and their contexts of the main menhirs northern Alentejo in Portugal. The date now obtained for the Menhir of Patalou, located in Nisa municipality, (Cal BC 4340-4235) confirms that for more than two decades, in a similar context, we obtained the Menhir of the Meada, located in the Castelo de Vide municipality, (Cal BC 4810-5010) and so many doubts and controversies raised in view of its great antiquity. They position themselves in this way and safely in the old Neolithic the erection of these great phallic monuments.
Resumo:
This communication will be presented rehabilitation examples of megalithic monuments resulting from over 30 years of archaeological investigations carried out in northern Alentejo (Portugal). Being the oldest megalithic structures monumental architectural buildings of humanity pathologies that present are multiple and very different from each other. Typically, the recoveries of these structures have to be preceded by an archaeological nature of action to identify and recognize the best solutions for their preservation. Thus, this communication will present the results of the work carried out in different dolmens and menhirs, with timelines ranging from the 6th and 3th millenniums before Christ.
Resumo:
The damaging of buildings and monuments by biological contamination is a cause of serious concern. Biocides based on chemical toxic compounds have been used to mitigate this problem. However, in the past decade many of the most effective biocides have been banned due to their environmental and health hazards. Therefore, proper remediation actions for microbiologically contaminated historic materials based on environmentally safe solution is of vital importance. Bacillus species are emerging as a promising alternative for built heritage treatment. They produce a great diversity of secondary metabolites with biological activity, well known to possess antagonistic activities against many fungal pathogens. In order to evaluate the antifungal activity of the novel biocides produced in our laboratory by cultures of selected bacterial strains, liquid interaction assays using four biodeteriogenic fungi were achieved, revealing a nearly 100% of inhibitory capacity to fungal proliferation. To confirm their effective safe toxicological properties, in vivo tests using two different biological models were performed. The lyophilized supernatant of the Bacillus culture broth showed no lethality against brine shrimp and also no toxicological effects in Swiss mice through administration of acute dose of 5000 mg/kg by oral gavage. In fact, the bioactive compounds were no lethal at the tested dose unlike Preventol (commercial biocide) that induced acute toxicity with 10 times minor concentration dose administrated in the same conditions. Therefore, the new bioactive compounds that suppress growth of biodeteriogenic fungi on historical artworks, presenting at the same time no toxicity against other living organisms, constituting an efficient and green safe solution for biodegradation/biodeterioration treatment of Cultural Heritage.
