Métodos diagnósticos para detecção da Leucemia viral felina

The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was described in 1964 by William Jarrett and collaborators wen find viral particles attached to the membrane of lymphoblasts in cat with lymphoma. The virus belongs to the family Retroviridae, subfamily oncornavirus. With worldwide distribution, the occurrence of FeLV has 1.6% in healthy cats and 10.8% in sick cats in Brazil. The mortality of persistently viremic animals in catteries is about 50% in two years and 80% in three years. In catteries that have endemic feline Coronavirus (FCoV), FeLV and / or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), the FeLV infection has greater contribution to mortality. The test for infection and FeLV positive cats segregation is the main way to prevent the spread of infection. The diagnostic methods are based on clinical signs and changes compatible with FeLV infection observed by physical examination, complete blood count, X-ray, bone marrow aspirate and biochemical. The viral p27 protein is produced in infected cells in high amounts and is found in abundance in the cytoplasm and in body fluids enabling diagnosed methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ELISA and direct immunofluorescence, detection of viral genome (Chain Reaction Polymerase - PCR) and detection of the virus by virus isolation. Although diagnostic tests are highly sensitive, it should be made more than a confirmatory test, especially serological due to variable characteristic of the progress of infection

Morbidades e consumo de álcool em pacientes internados na Clínica Médica de um hospital universitário

Abusive consumption of alcohol leads to several negative consequences to health and quality of life, as it increases the frequency of diseases that cause death or functional disabilities. The rates of patients admitted to hospital due to physical problems stemming from alcohol abuse are high. This study aimed at identifying patients according to variables age, gender and education level as well as at evaluating the prevalence of CAGE-positive patients and morbidity due to CID-10 (International Classification of Diseases) by the World Health Organization. It is a cross-sectional, observational, exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study. It was conducted at the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital (HC) from July to September 2010, at the Internal Medicine ward. This ward aggregates 5 specialties, namely, Cardiology, Hematology, General Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroclinic. Presently, it has 36 beds, of which four are for Intensive Care Therapy (ICT). Three hundred and ten medical charts were analyzed for identification of morbidities and of variables age, gender and schooling. A closed semistructured questionnaire including, among other questions, the CAGE test was applied to each individual. The CAGE test is a questionnaire that comprises four questions and considers that one who answers two or more of such questions affirmatively is a suspected case of alcoholism. The total population studied included 310 patients. Indexes of 60% (186) male and of 40% (124) female patients were found. As regards age range, a population with a higher prevalence of individuals from 51 to 70 years old (41%) was observed. The main education indexes were: incomplete Elementary School: 23.22% (72), complete Elementary School: 21.61% (67), incomplete Secondary School: 18.40% (57) and Illiteracy: 17.74% (55). As regards diseases, a higher proportion was observed for: ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo etnobiológico da interação dos pescadores de cerco-fixo com as tartarugas marinhas da região de Cananéia, litoral sul de São Paulo

Marine turtles are reptiles that occur on the Brazilian coast and can travel very large distances between feeding and nesting grounds. Five species found in Brazil are threatened. The consumption of turtle meat and eggs is an ancient habit in many coastal communities around the world. The main causes that threaten these species are the increase in fishing and the drastic changes in the environment. The presence of turtles near the beaches and their accidental capture were reported by fishermen in the region of Cananéia, where this work was developed. This study was also made based in interviews of fishermen that living in the area and the follow up of their fishing activities. This methodology made possible to identify the turtles in the area, the behavior of the fishermen with these animals and the relation between non-commercial fishing and turtles. The fishing traps area has a direct relation with the capture of turtles. The higher incidence of turtle capture is usually next to islands, rocky coasts, low lands and bay entrances, which are areas where the most common species of the region (Chelonia mydas) normally look for food. The fishermen opinions about the critical situation of these species and their conservation has also been studied. Several programs in Environmental Education for the communities of the region have been recommended

Qualidade de vida em mulheres com ausência ou presença de terapia de reposição hormonal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QL) of a group of menopausal women in the presence or absence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It consists of a cross-sectional analytical study involving women from the School Health Center - Unity Village Farmers' and Town Railway on the city of Botucatu. Participants were divided into two related groups of studies: run HRT and do not realize. We used the SF 36 and QRS, and a questionnaire to characterize the study population. No differences were seen when comparing the groups with regard to age, age at menarche and menopause. It was observed that 92% were white women and who have studied up to primary education (p = 0.0209), and those who had a partner (p = 0.0055), were the most reported changes in QL. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes, which is significantly more important in women without HRT. The account of the lower of QL was expressed by 28% of the sample, and the population obtained in MRS score more negative (p, 0.05). The correlation of the eight components of the SF36 and the MRS, with the presence or absence of TRH showed no significant differences. The concept of quality of life and evaluation of it is subjective and individual. However they can notice changes in QL, evidenced by instruments. One can see that menopause is not necessarily accompanied by changes in QL, however, when expressed, tend to be perceived more negatively. Despite the lower level of social and low education and women interviewed have QL as good. There is a need for studies to improve a more real relationship between HRT and QL

A transitoriedade entre o mundo primitivo e o moderno nas obras The Sea-Wolf e White Fang de Jack London

The American author Jack London wrote the books The Sea-Wolf and White Fang in 1904 and 1906, respectively. The former portrays the life of a literary critic, Humphrey Van Weyden, who after the wreckage of the ship in which he was is rescued by a seal-hunting schooner, where he is obliged to work and to live with the brutal captain Wolf Larsen, and in doing so he develops a more primitive profile. The latter work portrays the life of the eponymous character, a wolf that leaves the wild world in which it was born to follow its last master in the city, thus developing features of the modern world. This paper aims to conduct an analysis of the aspects that allow the transition between the primitive and the modern world in those works

Educação financeira: uma possibilidade de ensino a partir dos cenários para investigação

This work presents a proposal for teaching financial mathematics to students from secondary school using mathematics investigation. This methodology is used for many researchers and this work follows the main ideas of Fonseca, Brunheira, and Ponte (1999) and Skovsmose (2000). With this methodology, we intend to develop activities that approximate real situations of daily life and we aim to help students to understand and make decisions about single commercial and finances negotiations. Such activities have open questions that provide students the opportunity to think about mathematical subjects like loans, financing and saving account. We show a short description of studies about the importance of financial education in secondary school and university. Our proposal is applied in Secondary School because we considering to use contents of this area in a very simple way, dealing with mathematical ideas in order to develop skills of critical analysis. We suggest a qualitative research with phenomenological approach, as a possibility analysis of collected data from this teaching proposal

Principais distúrbios comportamentais em cães

Dogs are becoming more and more a part of family life, but the relationship between man and dog is not always healthy. Many dogs are abandoned and illtreated due to their behavioral problems. Among the main behavioral disturbances reported in dogs, there are the separation anxiety, compulsive disorder, aggression and fear. Despite the necessity, there is a paucity of skilled professionals in this field and a difficulty in finding articles on the subject. This paper describes the ways to assess the behavioral problems and address in an objective way some of the major behavioral problems presented by dogs, its etiology and treatment

Avaliação da funcionalidade de atletas de basquete sobre rodas com lesão medular na perspectiva da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF)

Introduction: Spinal cord injury occurs due to interuption in nerve stimuli and could caused from traumatic and non-traumatic illnes. After spinal cord, there are problems in personal life activities affecting ou modifying personal life and provoking impacts in his own life. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthy (ICF) consider and analyse more than the illness ou injury and include informations about functionality in differents domains as activities, participation and enviroment. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate functionality wheelchair athlets with spinal cord injury using ICF. Metodology: For this research, it was evaluated 60 athlets with spinal cord injury who were practicing wheelchair basqketball, using the Checklist corresponding to the main ICF categories and othes Identity Protocol with personal datas, lesion time, lesion level and functional classification from bwheelchair basketball. Results: In analyses, we identify in quartis data, that in Body Fucntion, median was 56,67% from all athlets with light and moderate qualifications; In Body Strutucture, the median was 60% for light qualifications; in Activities and Participation, this median corresponded to 91% and in Enviroment Factors, 51,67% feel that this enviroment was facilitator... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise de ciclo avançado com seqüestro de carbono

The energy is considered one of the most important elements in the human´s life providing the survival as well as the well being. Nowadays, the technologies destined to generate power burn fossil fuels which pour gases (carbon dioxide among them) that contribute to the global warming phenomenon. Several research groups and universities have been studying different methods for generating power with low carbon dioxide emissions, including the possibility of burning zero-carbon fuels. In this text, it has been put attention to the Advanced Zero Emission Power Plants (AZEP) which separate the CO2 (from the gases involved in the power generation), compress it, dehydrate it and store it in appropriate reservoirs. The goal of this study was to find a possible solution to produce CO from CO2, activated by solar energy; the reaction between CO and steam generates a syngas comprised of H2 and CO2, which can be separated by chemical and/or physical processes. The text also contains a study concerning the compressed air energy storage power plant (CAES) and come up with its modification to C[CO2]ES. This power plant stores CO2 directing it to a reverse combustion process to produce CO which is headed to a syngas reactor to produce CO2 and H2. Hydrogen is separated and carried to the thermal cycle to generate power with low carbon emissions

Avaliação dos gases de efeito estufa a partir do carvão

This paper addresses the context of emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) from activities related to Coal, called fugitive emissions. The survey of factors, development, analysis, and suggestions for controlling emissions are conducted in order to reduce risks to the environment and people around it. The greenhouse gases absorb radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, and hinder their escape into space. This process is essential to terrestrial life. Increasing the concentration of those gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase in the terrestrial temperature. A selection of processes that emit gases and the study and development of calculations for measuring fugitive emissions applied in different sources from coal are performed. The greenhouse gases can be released from the extraction, processing, storage, and transportation of fossil fuels to the end consumer. Coal has 4 main fugitive factors: mining, post-mining, oxidation at low temperature, and uncontrolled combustion. The coal formation process produces methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), being the methane, the main greenhouse gas from the coal mining and handling. The types of activities and the weight of each in the issuing process are observed. It is also made comparisons between the countries with the highest emissions rates. Are evaluated what has been done and what is needed to decrease emissions, for example the use of gas as an alternative fuel for energy generation

O uso da somatotropina bovina recombinante em reprodução bovina

The recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) at first, had its widespread use in dairy cows in order to increase milk production. Currently, it has been studied frequently and use their influence both in bovine milk, such as cutting. Its production has been an evolution to the science, using bacteria to produce recombinant DNA. Most authors that have studied and obtained positive results, such as increasing the number of ovarian follicles larger than five millimeters, among others. Its action takes place directly on the ovary, follicles, corpus luteum, the granulosa cells, oviduct, myometrium, endometrium and placenta, where they were found receptors, or indirectly through the release of insuline like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Therefore, the objective of this work is to explain the importance of bST in bovine as well as the usefulness of this, its mechanism of action and the benefits it can bring when combined with other biotechnology, such as superovulation, embryo transfer, synchronization of estrus, and others

O estudo da usinagem em torneamento da superliga à base de níquel Pyromet 31v

The search for materials with higher properties and characteristics (wear resistance, oxidation, corrosion, etc.) has driven research of various materials. Among the materials that are being studied with such properties and characteristics are super alloys based on nickel which has an important role in the aeronautical, automotive, marine, production of gas turbines and now in space vehicles, rocket engineering , experimental aircraft, nuclear reactors, steam-powered plants, petrochemical and many other applications because besides having all the characteristics and properties mentioned above also have an excellent performance at high temperatures. The super alloy based on nickel studied in this work is the super alloy Pyromet 31v normally used in the manufacture of exhaust valves in common engines and diesel engines of high power by cater requirements such as mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures of approximately 815 ° C. The objective of this work is to produce results to demonstrate more specific information about the real influence of coatings on cutting tools and cutting fluids in turning and thus promote the optimization of the machining of these alloys. The super alloy Pyromet 31v was processed through turning, being performed with various machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth in conditions of Minimum Amount of Fluid (MAF), abundant fluid, cutting tools with coating and without coating in early in his work life and with wear. After turning were obtained several samples of chips and the part generated during the machining process, was measured roughness of the material, subsequently made macrostructural analysis of the tools used order to detect possible wear and microstructural analysis of samples collected being that the latter was used for Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise temporal da dinâmica populacional de Aedes aegypti

Dengue virus is a major public health problem worldwide. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is the main dengue vector. Since there is no specific treatment or effective vaccine, control measure is focused on vector control. It is believed that population density is higher in the warmer/rainy season than in cold/dry. The study aimed to genetically characterize population dynamics of Ae. aegypti during climatic variations. Collections were performed at least once in both periods over five years by oviposition traps at Botucatu city. The technique of TaqMan allelic discrimination was used for genetic analysis, in which SNPs from nine genes distributed on three chromosomes of the mosquito were genotyped. Bayesian analysis did not show variance on population structure over the five year period. The percentage of variation among samples in statistical analysis was low (Fst = 0.0028, p = 0.7634), furthermore the allele frequencies were constant. The results show that despite wide variation in the density of adults, population size does not vary. Therefore, there is variation in the prevalence of the species life stages: adults in warmer/rainy, and possibly eggs in cold/dry, resulting in different control strategies for each period. Moreover, estimation of population size should not consider only winged adults, but all other found life stages forms

Avaliação da política curricular paulista: perspectiva docente sobre os cadernos do professor e do aluno

The current curriculum policy of the Secretary of Education in the State of Sao Paulo introduced into the education environment the Registrar of Teacher and Student - support material to ease the teacher's work and the student's learning, in order to address all the curriculum components created as strategy of learning. The resulting guidelines that aim to transform the everyday policies of educational institutions and the individuals who compose them, are incorporated into the school experience. These decisions, however, do not transfer into life outside the learning environment nor are they translated into the work of the teachers exactly as their creators intended. Thus, in order to better understand the curriculum policies introduced by the Registrar in schools, it is essential to comprehend the viewpoint of the teachers who themselves are both the targets and agents of curriculum policy, and later the Registrar. For that was made reflexive interviews with eigth teachers that teach in São Paulo metropolitan region, than we could see that they adapt their external determinations in their own reality

Undernutrition fetal programming: effects on kidney morphology, renal steroid and angiotensin receptors expression and urinary sodium excretion

Maternal undernutrition affects the foetal development, promoting renal alterations and adult hypertension. The present study investigates, in adult male rats, the effect of food restriction in utero on arterial blood pressure changes (AP), and its possible association with the number of nephrons, renal function and angiotensin II (AT1R/AT2R), glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MCR) receptors expression. The daily food supply to pregnant rats was measured and one group (n=5) received normal quantity of food (NF) while the other group received 50% of that (FR50) (n=5). The AP was measured weekly. At 16 weeks of life, fractionator’s method was used to estimate glomeruli number in histological slices. The renal function was estimate by creatinine and lithium clearances. Blood and urine samples were collected to biochemical determination of creatinine, sodium, potassium and lithium. At 90th and 23rd days of life, kidneys were also processed to AT1R, AT2R, GR and MCR immunolocalization and for western blotting analysis. FR50 offspring shows a significant reduction in BW (FR50: 5.67 ± 0.16 vs. 6.84 ± 0.13g in NF, P<0.001) and increased AP from 6th to 12nd week (6thwk FR50: 149.1 ± 3.4 vs. 125.1 ± 3.2mmHg in NF, P<0.001and, 12ndwk FR50: 164.4 ± 4.9 vs. 144.0 ± 3.3 mmHg in NF, P=0.02). Expression of AT1R and AT2R were significantly decreased in FR50 (AT1, 59080 ± 2709 vs. 77000 ± 3591 in NF, P=0.05; AT2, 27500 ± 95.50 vs. 67870 ± 1509 in NF, P=0.001) while the expression of GR increased in FR50 (36090 ± 781.5 vs. 4446 ± 364.5 in NF, P=0.0007). The expression of MCR did not change significantly. We also verified a pronounced decrease in fractional urinary sodium excretion in FR50 offspring (0.03 ± 0.02 vs. 0.06 ± 0.04 in NF, p=0.03). This occurred despite unchanged creatinine clearance. The study led us to suggest that fetal undernutrition, with increased fetal exposure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)