Some implications of the cosmological constant to fundamental physics

In the presence of a cosmological constant, ordinary Poincaré special relativity is no longer valid and must be replaced by a de Sitter special relativity, in which Minkowski space is replaced by a de Sitter spacetime. In consequence, the ordinary notions of energy and momentum change, and will satisfy a different kinematic relation. Such a theory is a different kind of a doubly special relativity. Since the only difference between the Poincaré and the de Sitter groups is the replacement of translations by certain linear combinations of translations and proper conformal transformations, the net result of this change is ultimately the breakdown of ordinary translational invariance. From the experimental point of view, therefore, a de Sitter special relativity might be probed by looking for possible violations of translational invariance. If we assume the existence of a connection between the energy scale of an experiment and the local value of the cosmological constant, there would be changes in the kinematics of massive particles which could hopefully be detected in high-energy experiments. Furthermore, due to the presence of a horizon, the usual causal structure of spacetime would be significantly modified at the Planck scale. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Epidemiologia do Padrão Face Longa em escolares do Ensino Fundamental do município de Bauru - SP

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to classify and determine the prevalence of individuals with vertical alteration of facial relationships, according to the severity of discrepancy, especially individuals with long face pattern. METHODS: The sample was composed of 5,020 individuals of Brazilian nationality, of both genders, aged 10 years to 16 years and 11 months, attending fundamental schools at the city of Bauru-SP. Examination of facial morphology comprised direct observation of the face in frontal and lateral views, always with the lips at rest, aiming to identify the individuals presenting vertical alteration of facial relationships. After identification, these individuals were scored, according to severity, into three subtypes, namely mild, moderate and severe. The prevalence of individuals with long face pattern considered only the individuals scored as subtypes moderate and severe. RESULTS: There was prevalence of 34.94% of vertical alteration of facial relationships and 14.06% of long face pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study revealed that the prevalence of vertical alteration of facial relationships and long face pattern was higher than reported in the literature.

Reestructuración de la enseñanza fundamental y gestión del gasto educacional en Brasil: la década de los 90

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Avaliação da descentralização das políticas sociais no Brasil: saúde e educação fundamental

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El empleo en América Latina, base fundamental de la política social

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Development of a thermoeconomic methodology for the optimization of biodiesel production - Part I: Biodiesel plant and thermoeconomic functional diagram

This work developed a methodology that uses the thermoeconomic functional diagram applied for allocating the cost of products produced by a biodiesel plant. The first part of this work discusses some definitions of exergy and thermoeconomy, with a detailed description of the biodiesel plant studied, identification of the system functions through Physical Diagram, calculation of the irreversibilities of the plant, construction of the Thermoeconomic Functional Diagram and determination of the expressions for the plant's exergetic functions. In order to calculate the exergetic increments and the physical exergy of certain flows in each step, the Chemical Engineering Simulation Software HYSYS 3.2 was used. The equipments that have the highest irreversibilities in the plant were identified after the exergy calculation. It was also found that the lowest irreversibility in the system refers to the process with a molar ratio of 6:1 and a reaction temperature of 60 °C in the transesterification process. In the second part of this work (Part II), it was calculated the thermoeconomic cost of producing biodiesel and related products, including the costs of carbon credits for the CO2 that is not released into the atmosphere, when a percentage of biodiesel is added to the petroleum diesel used by Brazil's internal diesel fleet (case study). © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Macroscopic and Microscopic findings in a set of congenital anomalies in two calves produced through in Vitro production

In vitro production and somatic cell nuclear transfer are biotechnologies widely used for breeding cattle, although may result in congenital anomalies. This paper aims to report a set of congenital anomalies in two Nelore calves, a male and a female, produced through in vitro fertilization. The major anomalies revealed at necropsy were hypospadias, bifid scrotum, atresia ani and rectum ending in blind pouch in the male calf. In the female calf accessory spleen, atresia ani, underdevelopment of extern genitalia and urethral orifice, and rectum ending in blind pouch forming a uterus-rectum fistula were observed.

Leitura de jornais em famílias de estudantes de escola pública de ensino fundamental

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A interação professor-aluno nas atividades de escrita: um estudo em salas de primeiro ano do ensino fundamental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A leitura e a produção de textos: desempenhos de alunos do ensino fundamental e as manifestações de seus professores

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Usos não-convencionais da vírgula em textos de alunos de quinta série/sexto ano do ensino fundamental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo sobre as expressões idiomáticas e o uso de dicionários especiais da língua portuguesa no ensino fundamental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A utilização de dicionários de língua portuguesa em salas de aula de Ensino Fundamental

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

La asignación eficiente de la inversión y el presupuesto: tarea fundamental del Estado

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