Análise de vizinhança na avaliação de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uniformidade de deposição da calda de pulverização de herbicidas em barra lateral protegida com diferentes combinações de pontas de pulverização

O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a uniformidade de distribuição da calda de pulverização contendo herbicidas, em culturas perenes arbustivas, utilizando combinações de pontas de pulverização em barra lateral protegida, conduzida a pequena distância do alvo, na linha de culturas perenes arbustivas. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um programa computacional que permite simular a sobreposição do leque de pulverização, da porção protegida da barra e do leque formado pela ponta de pulverização do bico mais extremo da barra, de modo diferente dos demais programas. Após a seleção das melhores combinações de pontas de pulverização por meio de simulação dos padrões de deposição da pulverização das pontas individuais e dos coeficientes de variação menores que 10%, algumas dessas combinações foram testadas em campo, aplicando-se um herbicida sistêmico (glyphosate) e outro com ação de contato (paraquat). Os resultados indicaram que o programa computacional desenvolvido pode constituir-se em um auxiliar valioso para a seleção das melhores combinações de pontas de pulverização. em aplicações tanto do herbicida glyphosate quanto do paraquat, com volumes de calda mais reduzidos,abaixo de 100 L ha-1, destacaram-se como arranjos mais eficientes: a) pontas TT110015 distanciadas de 52,5 cm entre si, combinadas com a ponta TK-0,5 na extremidade da barra a 50 cm do último bico, operando na velocidade de 5 km h-1 e pressão de 103 kPa (15 lbf pol-2), com distância de caminhamento do tronco da árvore de 20 cm ; b) pontas SMCE2 distanciadas de 15 cm entre si, combinadas com a ponta TK-0,5 na extremidade da barra de 20 cm do último bico, operando na velocidade de 4 km h-1 e pressão de 414 kPa (60 lbf pol-2), com distância de caminhamento do tronco da árvore de 30 cm ; e c) pontas TLX-2 distanciadas de 15 cm entre si, combinadas com a ponta TK-0,5 na extremidade da barra de 20 cm do último bico, operando à velocidade de 5 km h-1 e pressão de 414 kPa (60 lbf pol-2), com distância de caminhamento do tronco da árvore de 30 cm. A velocidade de deslocamento do pulverizador de 5 km h-1 proporcionou melhores condições para que os herbicidas estudados apresentassem melhor controle de plantas daninhas, quando comparada com a velocidade de deslocamento do pulverizador de 4 km h-1.

Passive immunity transfer and serum constituents of crossbred calves

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ultrasonographic and echobiometric findings in the eyes of Saanen goats of different ages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

CAROTID ARTERY EXTERIORIZATION IN BROWN BROCKET DEER (MAZAMA GOUAZOUBIRA) FOR AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY of ANESTHESIA

This report evaluates the carotid artery exteriorization technique to allow repeated percutaneous artery catheterization in six brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). Repeated percutaneous catheterization of the carotid artery was possible for periods of 3 mo to obtain arterial blood and monitor arterial blood pressure of deer without risk of arterial rupture. The artery pulse was easily palpable for periods tip to 15 mo. Postoperative complication and/or arterial damage was not observed.

Superação da dormência em sementes de Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Morphological Aspects and Storage of Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. (Arecaceae) Seeds

Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. palms are widely used in landscaping, however there is a lack of studies about its biology, especially on the morphology of its seedling disseminules and the ideal seed storage time without loss of viability. The objectives of this work were to describe the morphological aspects and to study the storage effect on the germination of D. leptocheilos seeds. The experiments were performed at FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil. In order to obtain a morphology description 100 disseminules were sowed in vermiculite. The external and internal sides of the disseminules as well as the representative phases of the germination process were sketched with the help of a light chamber attached to a stereomicroscope. Five treatments were arranged in order to study the storage effects on the seeds (four months of storage and straight after harvest), with four replicates with 25 disseminules each (seeds with attached endocarp) in a completely randomized design. The germination test was conducted over a 140 days period and noted every two days. In order to calculate the germination percentage (% G) and the Germination Speed Index (GSI), the seeds were considered germinated when the germinative button appeared. The data were submitted to a polynomial regression analysis to verify the behavior of the variables over the storage period. The D. leptocheilos seeds have rounded shape, ruminate endosperm and hard consistency. The embryo is lateral, peripheral and relatively undifferentiated, with approximately 3 mm long and conical shape. The germination percentage increased from 17% for seeds sowed straight after harvest to 73% for those stored over a three-month period. For the GSI the increase was about 0.85%. It was concluded that the germination of D. leptocheilos is of an adjacent ligulate type. Furthermore, the seeds stored for 3 months at 14 degrees C showed both higher percentage and germination speed.

Sucrose and nitrogen supplies regulate growth of maize kernels

The growth of maize (Zea mays L.) kernels depends on the availability of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) assimilates supplied by the mother plant and the capacity of the kernel to use them. Our objectives were to study the effects of N and sucrose supply levels on growth and metabolism of maize kernels. Kernel explants of Pioneer 34RO6 were cultured in vitro with varying combinations of N (5 to 30 mM) and sucrose (117 to 467 mM). Maximum kernel growth was obtained with 10 mM N and 292 mM sucrose in the medium, and a deficiency of one assimilate could not be overcome by a sufficiency of the other. Increasing the N supply led to increases in the kernel sink capacity (number of cells and starch granules in the endosperm), activity of certain enzymes (soluble and bound invertases, sucrose synthase, and aspartate aminotransaminase), starch, and the levels of N compounds (total-N, soluble protein, and free amino acids), and decreased the levels of C metabolites (sucrose and reducing sugars). Conversely, increasing the sucrose supply increased the level of endosperm C metabolites, free amino acids, and ADPG-PPase and alanine transaminase activities, but decreased the activity of soluble invertase and concentrations of soluble protein and total-N. Thus, while C and N are interdependent and essential for accumulation of maximum kernel weight, they appear to regulate growth by different means. Nitrogen supply aids the establishment of kernel sink capacity, and promotes activity of enzymes relating to sucrose and nitrogen uptake, while sucrose regulates the activities df invertase and ADPG-PPase. (C) 1999 Annals of Botany Company.

Micropropagation of fig (Ficus carica L.) 'Roxo de Valinhos' plants

An in vitro protocol for Ficus carica cv. 'Roxo de Valinhos' was optimized. Nodal explants containing two buds were excised from field-grown mature plants, and transferred to different proliferation media consisting of combinations of distinct concentrations of activated charcoal with benzyladenine (BA), kinetin with gibberellic acid (GA(3)), and WPM (woody plant medium) with kinetin. The regular strength of WPM in combination with 0.5 mg l(-1) kinetin was the best condition for shoot proliferation of Ficus carica 'Roxo de Valinhos' plants. The addition of activated charcoal in the medium completely inhibited shoot proliferation. The inclusion of BA in the medium induced excessive callus formation as well as small and vitrified shoots, while GA(3) induced excessive elongation associated with vitrification, chlorosis, and tip-burned shoots.

Desenvolvimento inicial e crescimento in vitro de Cattleya violacea (Kunth) Rolfe em diferentes concentrações de sacarose

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os aspectos da germinação e avaliar o efeito de concentrações de sacarose no crescimento in vitro de Cattleya violacea. Sementes provenientes de cápsulas fechadas foram semeadas em meio de cultura Murashige e Skoog (MS) e a morfologia externa da semente à plântula foi fotodocumentada em estereomicroscópio e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Plântulas com 90 dias após a semeadura foram repicadas em meio de cultura ½ MS (com metade da concentração de macronutrientes) com diferentes concentrações de sacarose (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 g L-1), incubadas nas mesmas condições in vitro por mais 150 dias e em seguida as plântulas foram avaliadas quanto ao número de raízes, comprimento da maior raiz, número de folhas, comprimento da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca total. Os dados biométricos foram submetidos à análise estatística e a eles ajustadas curvas de regressão. As sementes apresentaram testa reticulada com uma extremidade micropilar (aberta) e calazal (fechada); o embrião originou uma estrutura tuberiforme clorofilada denominada protocormo que pode apresentar rizóides, folíolos e quando provido de raiz é considerado plântula. A ausência de açúcar ou a maior concentração avaliada de sacarose foram prejudiciais ao crescimento da planta. A concentração de 27 g L-1 proporcionou maior crescimento in vitro possibilitando maior eficiência para a propagação massal dessa espécie de elevado potencial ornamental.

Uso de diferentes formas físicas e quantidades de ração pré-inicial para frangos de corte

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the physical form and quantity of pre-starter diet on the broiler chicks performance. In the first trial, 684 day old males were distributed in a randomized design of three treatments with six replicates of 38 birds. The physical forms of pre-starter diets tested were: mash diet; crumb diet and pellet diet. Another was conducted with 912 day old male distributed in a randomized design of three treatments with eight replicates of 38 birds. The treatments consisted in feeding the broiler chickens with 150 g/bird; 200 g/bird and 250 g/bird. After that, all the birds were fed with the same feed program. In the first week and at 21 days old the birds fed with mash pre-starter diet had body weight gain lower than those fed crumbed and pelleted diets. The variables studied were not affected by the quantity of diets. In conclusion, the physical form of pre-starter diet was important for initial performance and the quantity of pre-starter tip to 150 g/bird did not improve the development of broiler chicks.

Influência de pontas de pulverização e adjuvantes na deriva em caldas com glyphosate

O uso inadequado da tecnologia de aplicação de agrotóxicos, relacionados ao uso de pontas de pulverização e adição de adjuvantes, resulta diretamente em um maior risco de deriva. Objetivou-se como trabalho quantificar a deriva gerada por pontas de pulverização com e sem indução de ar, em aplicações de glyphosate e adjuvantes. O experimento foi realizado em túnel de vento, com o herbicida glyphosate isolado ou em mistura com ureia ou adjuvante redutor de deriva (LI700). As coletas foram realizadas, com fios de polietileno, nas distâncias de 5,0; 10,0 e 15,0 m em relação à barra e nas alturas de 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0 m em relação ao piso do túnel, a deriva foi aferida por meio do processo de condutividade elétrica. Os resultados apresentaram maior deriva nas menores alturas, tendo igual comportamento para todas as caldas e em todas as distâncias. A ponta de jato plano com indução de ar (AVI 110-015) proporcionou menor deriva em relação à ponta jato plano padrão (AXI 110-015), para todas as caldas avaliadas. Para a ponta de jato plano padrão o acréscimo de adjuvante reduziu a deriva para as três distâncias avaliadas em relação à calda contendo somente o herbicida. Já para a ponta de jato plano com indução de ar a ureia elevou a deriva para todas as distâncias em relação às outras caldas. A ureia pode ser utilizada em aplicações com o modelo de ponta jato plano padrão, por diminuir os riscos de deriva.

Manejo químico de espécies de trapoeraba com aplicação isolada e em mistura de diferentes herbicidas

This paper evaluated the effect of different herbicides applied isolated and mixed on two species of dayflower (Commelina benghalensis and Commelina villosa). Both species were grown under pot conditions with a capacity of 14 L. Three stems with 10 cm were planted per pot. The herbicides application was made using a stationary spray system, to provide a spray volume of 200 L ha(-1), with spray tip XR 110.02VS, when the plants were with dimensions of 25-35 cm for C. benghalensis and 30-35 cm for C. villosa. The mixture saflufenacil more effective control of C. benghalensis were saflufenacil + glyphosate (48 + 720 g ha(-1)) and, saflufenacil + (glyphosate + imazethapyr) with and without the addition of ammonium sulfate (24 + 623 g ha(-1)). The combination of carfentrazone + glyphosate (20 + 720 g ha(-1)) were also effective in the C. benghalensis control. The saflufenacil mixture allowed plant control of C. villosa, where saflufenacil + glyphosate (24 + 720 g ha(-1)) with the addition of ammonium sulfate, showed a good visually control of this species. The application of 2,4-D (720 g ha(-1)) and 2,4-D + glyphosate (720 + 720 g ha(-1)) provided the best visual controls of C. benghalensis e C. villosa. All chemical treatment regardless of Commelina species reduced the dry mass of dayflower.

Effect of Spray Tips and Mix Deposition on Common Water Hyacinth Growing with Varied Population Arrangements of Salvinia and Water Lettuce

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resposta térmica de um compósito PEEK+PTFE+Fibra de carbono+grafite

Composites based on PEEK + PTFE + CARBON FIBER + Graphite (G_CFRP) has increased application in the top industries, as Aerospace, Aeronautical, Petroleum, Biomedical, Mechanical and Electronics Engineering challenges. A commercially available G_CFRP was warmed up to three different levels of thermal energy to identify the main damage mechanisms and some evidences for their intrinsic transitions. An experimental test rig for systematize a heat flux was developed in this dissertation, based on the Joule Effect. It was built using an isothermal container, an internal heat source and a real-time measurement system for test a sample by time. A standard conical-cylindrical tip was inserted into a soldering iron, commercially available and identified by three different levels of nominal electrical power, 40W (manufacturer A), 40W (manufacturer B), 100W and 150W, selected after screening tests: these power levels for the heat source, after one hour of heating and one hour of cooling in situ, carried out three different zones of degradation in the composite surface. The bench was instrumented with twelve thermocouples, a wattmeter and a video camera. The twelve specimens tested suffered different degradation mechanisms, analyzed by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and TG (Thermogravimetry) techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Rays (EDX) Analysis. Before and after each testing, it was measured the hardness of the sample by HRM (Hardness Rockwell M). Excellent correlations (R2=1) were obtained in the plots of the evaporated area after one hour of heating and one hour of cooling in situ versus (1) the respective power of heat source and (2) the central temperature of the sample. However, as resulting of the differential degradation of G_CFRP and their anisotropy, confirmed by their variable thermal properties, viscoelastic and plastic properties, there were both linear and non-linear behaviour between the temperature field and Rockwell M hardness measured in the radial and circumferential directions of the samples. Some morphological features of the damaged zones are presented and discussed, as, for example, the crazing and skeletonization mechanism of G_CFRP