Benthic and fish community composition as well as water quality along the Thousand Islands north of the megacity Jakarta, Indonesia

Worldwide, coral reefs are challenged by multiple stressors due to growing urbanization, industrialization and coastal development. Coral reefs along the Thousand Islands off Jakarta, one of the largest megacities worldwide, have degraded dramatically over recent decades. The shift and decline in coral cover and composition has been extensively studied with a focus on large-scale gradients (i.e. regional drivers), however special focus on local drivers in shaping spatial community composition is still lacking. Here, the spatial impact of anthropogenic stressors on local and regional scales on coral reefs north of Jakarta was investigated. Results indicate that the direct impact of Jakarta is mainly restricted to inshore reefs, separating reefs in Jakarta Bay from reefs along the Thousand Islands further north. A spatial patchwork of differentially degraded reefs is present along the islands as a result of localized anthropogenic effects rather than regional gradients. Pollution is the main anthropogenic stressor, with over 80 % of variation in benthic community composition driven by sedimentation rate, NO2, PO4 and Chlorophyll a. Thus, the spatial structure of reefs is directly related to intense anthropogenic pressure from local as well as regional sources. Therefore, improved spatial management that accounts for both local and regional stressors is needed for effective marine conservation.

Freshwater mesocosm experiment 2012 in Vancouver, Canada on effects of increased temperature and food chain length on oxygen fluxes and plankton community structure

Over broad thermal gradients, the effect of temperature on aerobic respiration and photosynthesis rates explains variation in community structure and function. Yet for local communities, temperature dependent trophic interactions may dominate effects of warming. We tested the hypothesis that food chain length modifies the temperature-dependence of ecosystem fluxes and community structure. In a multi-generation aquatic food web experiment, increasing temperature strengthened a trophic cascade, altering the effect of temperature on estimated mass-corrected ecosystem fluxes. Compared to consumer-free and 3-level food chains, grazer-algae (2-level) food chains responded most strongly to the temperature gradient. Temperature altered community structure, shifting species composition and reducing zooplankton density and body size. Still, food chain length did not alter the temperature dependence of net ecosystem fluxes. We conclude that locally, food chain length interacts with temperature to modify community structure, but only temperature, not food chain length influenced net ecosystem fluxes.

Post-decentralization regional economies and actors -- putting the capacity of Local governments to the test

Decentralization in Indonesia was introduced institutionally in 2001, with a democratization drive promoted by international donors and by the intention of the new government to clear away the centralistic image of Soeharto. Decentralization has had some effects on regional economies and on local government administration. Compared to the period before decentralization, the share of gross regional domestic product and local government finance has increased in Java, though investment and bank borrowing have expanded to the outer islands. In qualitative aspects, decentralization has transferred not only administrative authority but also many new vested interests from the center to regions. Local governments have become more extensive economic actors in regional economies. Regional economic actors now compete actively for such vested interests and have missed the opportunity to create market-friendly regional economies. The government sector should not be a mere rent-seeking economic actor, but should play a role as a facilitator promoting private sector activities in regional economies.

La Práctica del Desarrollo Local: Veinticinco Años de Experiencia del Instituto de Desarrollo Comunitario de Cuenca en Territorios Rurales

La investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar la experiencia de la Asociación Instituto de Desarrollo Comunitario de Cuenca, en la práctica del desarrollo local en los territorios rurales de esta provincia. La necesidad de estimular a la población para que ésta forme parte de su propio desarrollo, pone de manifiesto la existencia de determinadas instituciones externas que a través de procesos como la facilitación, movilizan y crean capacidades en las personas y las empujan hacia la participación. Este es el caso del IDC de Cuenca que nace en 1985 como entidad privada —declarada de utilidad pública y sin ánimo de lucro—, con la voluntad de sus fundadores de trabajar en el desarrollo local de las zonas deprimidas de Cuenca. La labor desarrollada en estos más de 25 años tiene como centro la promoción de la persona como ser individual y como parte de su comunidad. Para la elaboración de la Tesis, se ha utilizado la metodología del caso de estudio centrado en el análisis de la experiencia del IDC respecto de las cuatro investigaciones realizadas centradas en el proceso de facilitación, las herramientas de formación e información, y la dinamización del tejido asociativo como resultado del proceso. La labor del IDC en la provincia de Cuenca se ha desarrollado a través de la ejecución de proyectos. Éstos se han llevado a cabo por medio de procesos de facilitación donde la creación de grupos de trabajo ha permitido mejorar la estructuración social de las zonas rurales. Los grupos de trabajo son creados y apoyados por el IDC a través de la utilización de las herramientas de información y formación, que deben estar adaptadas a las necesidades de los individuos y en este caso cuentan con una metodología de aplicación propia. La creación de diferentes entidades —asociaciones, cooperativas, clubes, etc.—, ha sido uno de los resultados del trabajo desarrollado por el IDC a través de los procesos de facilitación que han mejorado la estructuración de la sociedad rural. Pese a la complejidad tanto de los procesos de desarrollo como de la evaluación final de dichos procesos, la creación de grupos capaces de alcanzar determinados objetivos propuestos en su comunidad potenciando sus propios recursos, son el ejemplo de la dinamización social que se lleva produciendo en la provincia de Cuenca desde hace más de 25 años. The research's main objective is to analyze the experience of the Asociación Instituto de Desarrollo Comunitario de Cuenca, in the practice of local development in rural areas of this province. The need to encourage more people to take part of their own development, reveals the existence of certain external institutions which through processes such as facilitation, mobilize and create capacities in people to foster their participation. This is the case of the IDC of Cuenca that was born in 1985 as a private entity —declared of public utility and as non profit entity— with the intention, as stated by its founders, of working in the local development of the disadvantaged areas of Cuenca. The work carried out in these more than 25 years focused on promoting the person as an individual and as part of their community. In this research, the methodology of the case study has been used in the analysis of the experience of the IDC in four investigations carried out regarding the process of facilitation, training and information tools, and the improvement of social involvement as a result of the development process. The work of the IDC in the province of Cuenca has been developed through the implementation of projects. They have been carried out through processes of facilitation, where the creation of working groups has improved the social structuring of rural areas. The working groups are created and supported by the IDC through the use of tools of information and training, which must be adapted to the individual needs in each case, and even count with their own implementation methodology. The creation of different entities —associations, cooperatives, clubs, etc.— has been one of the results of the work carried out by the IDC through processes of facilitation which have improved the structure of rural society. Despite the complexity of development processes and the final assessment of these processes, the creation of groups able to reach certain objectives proposed in their community promoting its own resources, is an example of the social involvement that has been taking place in the province of Cuenca for more than 25 years.

Social involvement for community development in rural areas of Cuenca, Spain

Community development must be accompanied by a social involvement process which creates functional groups of citizens capable of taking responsibility for their own development. It is important that this process promotes the structuring of all population groups and provides the appropriate institutional and technical support. The present paper addresses these issues based on over 25 years of experience by the Association Instituto de Desarrollo Comunitario de Cuenca in revitalizing rural areas of the Spanish province of Cuenca. This paper analyses the social involvement process encouraged by this association, the relationships between public institutions and local associations, the role of these associations and the difficulties encountered in the rural areas. The long-term perspective of this experience provides some keys which can be used to successfully support the process of social involvement ―such as information on its characteristics and methodological tools―, establish local associations and create sustainable partnerships that foster the growth of leadership within the community development process.

Modelo de gestión por proyectos para el desarrollo local (MGPDL) en el marco de la nueva gestión pública. Aplicación a los distritos y barrios de la ciudad de Madrid

Esta investigación presenta un modelo de gestión para el ámbito público local enmarcado en la Nueva Gestión Pública que aboga por una gestión más eficaz, eficiente y transparente, y que pone el acento en la consideración del administrado como cliente y en las capacidades gerenciales y de liderazgo de los directivos públicos por encima de la función burocrática clásica. Asumiendo el concepto de comunidad política, en el que los ciudadanos y los gobernantes son corresponsables de la concertación política y social, y se pone en valor el conocimiento de la sociedad civil para la toma de decisiones, este modelo se expresa a través de un plan de acción para el desarrollo local que incorpora la estrategia empresarial “gestión por proyectos”, entendidos éstos como todos los proyectos que recogen las necesidades e ideas de los afectados, y que de alguna manera contribuyen al cambio o ayudan a transformar la realidad para la mejora de la calidad de vida. La realidad objeto de estudio que inspira este modelo es el primer plan de inversiones llevado a cabo en los distritos madrileños de Villaverde y Usera. Las características propias de este plan fueron la voluntad y la habilidad de los poderes públicos para transformar una movilización social reivindicativa en un proceso de planificación como aprendizaje social, integrando a los ciudadanos en un innovador sistema de gestión de responsabilidad compartida. El resultado fue considerado un éxito, ya que se cumplió el objetivo de reequilibrio social y económico de ambos distritos con el conjunto de la ciudad de Madrid, gracias a las infraestructuras y equipamientos construidos, y a los programas sociales implementados. De hecho, al concluir el plan, los problemas que originaron la movilización social apenas tenían relevancia: droga (5%), falta de equipamientos (3%) y baja calidad de vida (5%). A raíz del aprendizaje de esta experiencia desarrollada durante el período 1998‐ 2003, se construyó una metodología de actuación que se ha materializado en los actuales Planes especiales de actuación en distritos y Planes de Barrio de la ciudad de Madrid. Las evaluaciones realizadas hasta ahora determinan que se está logrando una homogeneización territorial en la oferta municipal de bienes, servicios y equipamientos públicos, lo que contribuye a una mayor equidad económica y social, en definitiva, a una mejor calidad de vida. ABSTRACT This research presents a management model for the public sector local framed in the New Public Management that advocates a public management more effective, efficient and transparent, and that puts the accent on the consideration of the citizen as client and in managerial and leadership skills of public managers over the classic bureaucratic function. Embracing the concept of political community, in which citizens and governments are jointly responsible for the political and social dialogue, and highlights the knowledge of the civil society to the decision‐making, this model is expressed through an action plan for local development that incorporates the business strategy "management by projects', understood these as all the projects that reflected the needs and ideas of those affected, and that in some way contribute to the change or help to transform the reality for the improvement of the quality of life. The reality which is subject of study and inspires this model is the first investment plan carried out in the districts of Madrid Villaverde and Usera. The characteristics of this plan were the will and the ability of the public authorities to transform a social mobilization in a planning process as social learning, integrating to citizens in an innovative system of management of shared responsibility. The result was considered a success, since the target was met for social and economic balance of the two districts with the whole of the city of Madrid, thanks to the built infrastructure and equipment, and the social programs implemented. In fact, at the end of the plan, the problems that led to the social mobilization had little relevance: drugs (5 %), lack of equipment (3 %) and low quality of life (5 %). As a result of learning from this experience developed during the period 1998‐ 2003, was built a methodology of performance which has been materialized in the current plans for special action in districts and plans of neighborhood of the city of Madrid. The evaluations conducted until now determine that the plans are achieving a territorial homogenization in the municipal supply of goods, services and public facilities, which contributes to a better economic and social equity, ultimately, to a better quality of life.

Estudio para un Modelo de Gestión de un Acuífero Costero, mediante Metodologías Participativas y Análisis Geoestadístico en el marco del Desarrollo Local. Manglaralto, Ecuador

El presente estudio se fundamenta en la investigación-acción-participativa (IAP), para buscar alternativas que tiendan al desarrollo local de un territorio. Se centra en la cuenca hidrográfica del rio Manglaralto-Santa Elena-Ecuador, aplicando un sistema metodológico participativo que considera las características peculiares del territorio, que se analizan geoespacialmente reconociendo la influencia de la dinámica de sus cambios y observando los móviles que la propiciaban. A través de mecanismos participativos, se conectan los aspectos técnicos para el conocimiento y el aprovechamiento racional del acuífero costero, con los valores de los habitantes del territorio, para mejorar su abastecimiento de agua y crear nuevas condiciones y oportunidades en el camino del desarrollo local, vislumbrando la sostenibilidad. Cabe indicar que el ente administrativo y propulsor es la Junta de Agua Potable Regional Manglaralto (JAPRM). La hipótesis del estudio considera, que los métodos participativos generan en la comunidad una respuesta basada en su identidad y sus deseos de mejorar, que propiciará una gestión del acuífero costero que conlleve al desarrollo local. Otra hipótesis complementaria estipula que las estrategias del gobierno respecto al turismo propicia un crecimiento en la demanda del agua del acuífero. En Manglaralto-Ecuador, una parroquia de 30.000 habitantes aproximadamente, donde la JAPRM, administra y suministra agua a 23.586 habitantes que cuenta en su organización, llevada por 6 representantes de las comunidades rurales que la conforman, empezaron hace 7 años a buscar una forma de lograr un cambio, de tener agua para el desarrollo de la comunidad. Buscaron ayuda por diferentes medios, políticos, económicas, sociales y encontraron como base fundamental a la cooperación con el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA) y la Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) para entrelazar aspectos técnicos, ambientales, sociales y culturales. La gestión del acuífero costero, desde la perspectiva del IAP repercute en el desarrollo de Manglaralto. También se realiza un análisis geoespacial-geoestadístico, para vislumbrar aspectos de cambios en el territorio ligados al crecimiento turístico, que afectan a la demanda del recurso agua proveniente del acuífero costero bajo la administración de la JAPRM. La tesis presenta el modelo integral y propio de la comunidad de Manglaralto, que refleja una evolución que alcanzó un apogeo en 2011 y parte del 2012, con 9 pozos de agua que daban servicio los 365 días del año, 24 horas al día ininterrumpidamente. Las condiciones externas (promociones turísticas de la ruta del Spondylus) han repercutido en nuevas problemáticas (crecimiento elevado de la demanda del agua). El acuífero costero se convierte en el emblema y móvil de solución, gracias a la gestión integral y a la interacción IAP que se amolda a la evolución de las condiciones, buscando soluciones para la comunidad y su entorno. El modelo integral del territorio con la participación de sus pobladores, considera el aspecto turístico, como un agente que propicia la mayor demanda del agua. Situación a la que hay que dar respuesta mediante la observación-reflexión en el ciclo del IAP para generar nuevas directrices estratégicas y gestionar el desarrollo local. ABSTRACT The present study is based on the participatory action research (PAR) methodology in order to look for alternatives which tend to the local development of a territory. It focuses on the Manglaralto hydrographic river basin located in Santa Elena-Ecuador through the application of the participatory methodology which considers the peculiar characteristics of the territory. These are geospatially analyzed recognizing the influence of its dynamic of changes and observing the causes that originated them. Through the use of participatory mechanisms, technical aspects are connected for stimulating knowledge and rational use of the coastal aquifer with the values of inhabitants of the territory to improve the water supply and create new conditions of sustainability. It is important to point out that the administrative organism and promoter is the Manglaralto Regional Fresh Water Board (JAPRM). In Manglaralto-Ecuador, a parish of approximately 30,000 inhabitants, the MRFWB manages and supplies water to 23.586 inhabitants. This organization is composed by 6 representatives of rural communities. It started 7 years ago looking for a way to achieve a change, from obtaining water to developing the community. They seeked for help in different fields such as: political, economic and social and they found International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) as a fundamental basis for cooperation to bond technical, environmental, social and cultural aspects. Management of coastal aquifer, from the PAR perspective affects the development of Manglaralto. Also, a geospatial and geostatistical analysis is carried out to distinguish change aspects in territories related to touristy growth which affects the demand of water obtained from the coastal aquifer under the management of the MRFWB. The thesis presents a comprehensive model that belongs to the Manglaralto community and reveals an evolution that reached a peak in 2011 and part of 2012, with 9 water wells that operated the 365 days of the year 24 hours a day without interruption. The external conditions (touristic packages of Spondylus route) have created new problems (higher demand of water). The coastal aquifer is a symbol and solution, thanks to the comprehensive management and PAR interaction which fits the evolution of conditions, looking for solutions for the community and its surroundings. The comprehensive model of territory with the participation of inhabitants considers the touristic aspect as an agent which brings about a higher demand of water. This situation requests a response through the observation-reflection in the PAR cycle to generate new strategic guidelines and promote the local development.

Regenerative morphological traits in a woody species community in Tumbesian tropical dry forest.

The study of functional morphological traits enables us to know fundamental aspects of the dynamics of plant communities in local and global habitats. Regenerative morphological traits play an important role in defining plant history and ecological behavior. Seed and fruit characteristics determine to a large extent the patterns for dispersal, germination, establishment and seedling recruitment a given species exhibits on its natural habitat. Despite their prominent role, seed and fruit traits have been poorly studied at the community level of woody plant species in neo-tropical dry forests. In the present study we aimed at i) evaluate the functional role of morphological traits of seeds, fruits and embryo in woody plant species; ii) determine which are the morphological patterns present in seeds collected from the community of woody species that occur in neo-tropical dry forests; and iii) compare woody plant species seed mass values comparatively between neo-tropical dry and tropical forests. To do so, mature seeds were collected from 79 plant species that occur in the Tumbesian forest of Southwest Ecuador. The studied species included the 42 and 37 most representative tree and shrubbery species of the Tumbesian forest respectively. A total of 18 morphological traits (seven quantitative and 11 qualitative) were measured and evaluated in the seeds, fruits and embryos of the selected species, and we compared the seeds mass with other forest types. Our results showed a huge heterogeneity among traits values in the studied species. Seed mass, volume and number were the traits that vary the most at the community level, i.e. seed length ranged from 1.3 to 39 mm, and seed width from 0.6 to 25 mm. Only six embryo types were found among the 79 plant species. In 40 % of the cases, fully developed inverted embryos with large and thick cotyledons to store considerable amount of nutrients were recorded. We concluded that highly variable and functionally complementary morphological traits occur among the studied woody plants of the dry Tumbesian forest. The latter favors a plethora of behavioral mechanisms to coexist among woody species of the dry forest in response to the environmental stress that is typical of arid areas.

Comunicação para o desenvolvimento: o papel das rádios comunitárias na educação para o desenvolvimento local em Moçambique

Trata-se de um estudo sobre as rádios e televisões comunitárias em Moçambique. São investigadas as ações implementadas tanto pelo governo como pela sociedade civil, bem como o significado que essas emissoras têm para as populações locais. O objetivo é analisar a importância e a contribuição das rádios e televisões comunitárias para a conscientização das populações moçambicanas e para a realização com vistas ao desenvolvimento local. A metodologia privilegiou a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a coordenadores das emissoras, entre outros. Foram estudadas 8 emissoras sediadas nas províncias de Zambézia, Sofala, Inhambane, Maputo e Maputo Cidade, de 2004 a 2005, além de ter sido feito um breve resgate do percurso histórico da comunicação em Moçambique nos últimos 15 anos, desde a promulgação da primeira Lei de Imprensa aprovada pela Assembléia da República. Conclui-se que as rádios e a televisões comunitárias são instrumentos de educação e conscientização das pessoas das comunidades investigadas. Elas desempenham um papel importante na vida dos cidadãos, mobilizando-os a se envolverem nas ações de combate à pobreza absoluta que se vive no seu país. São bens comunitários contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sustentável das próprias comunidades

Comunicação para o desenvolvimento: o papel das rádios comunitárias na educação para o desenvolvimento local em Moçambique

Trata-se de um estudo sobre as rádios e televisões comunitárias em Moçambique. São investigadas as ações implementadas tanto pelo governo como pela sociedade civil, bem como o significado que essas emissoras têm para as populações locais. O objetivo é analisar a importância e a contribuição das rádios e televisões comunitárias para a conscientização das populações moçambicanas e para a realização com vistas ao desenvolvimento local. A metodologia privilegiou a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a coordenadores das emissoras, entre outros. Foram estudadas 8 emissoras sediadas nas províncias de Zambézia, Sofala, Inhambane, Maputo e Maputo Cidade, de 2004 a 2005, além de ter sido feito um breve resgate do percurso histórico da comunicação em Moçambique nos últimos 15 anos, desde a promulgação da primeira Lei de Imprensa aprovada pela Assembléia da República. Conclui-se que as rádios e a televisões comunitárias são instrumentos de educação e conscientização das pessoas das comunidades investigadas. Elas desempenham um papel importante na vida dos cidadãos, mobilizando-os a se envolverem nas ações de combate à pobreza absoluta que se vive no seu país. São bens comunitários contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sustentável das próprias comunidades

TV REGIONAL NO VALE DO PARAÍBA - SP: expansão, aspectos da audiência e modos de inserção local

Investigação sobre a regionalização das redes de comunicação, em especial a televisão, fenômeno que representa uma realidade de segmentação da comunicação massiva. Objetiva-se analisar e classificar as emissoras regionais de televisão com relação aos seus modos de inserção local, observando-se suas especificidades, programação, estratégias de comunicação e ações de conquista de identidade com a comunidade onde estão inseridas, além de tentar compreender como se deu a expansão da televisão nessa região, desde a implantação da primeira emissora, em 1988, na cidade de São José dos Campos SP. Tomando-se como recorte de estudo, as emissoras de televisão regional de sinal aberto no Vale do Paraíba, estado de São Paulo, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-abertas com profissionais das áreas comercial e de programação das mesmas e aplicados questionários junto a uma amostra da população do Vale do Paraíba que representa os telespectadores potenciais da área de cobertura dessas emissoras, a fim de se identificar a percepção que o público receptor tem a respeito da presença e atuação das televisões locais. Conclui-se que os diferentes modos de inserção local das emissoras influem diretamente na relação de identidade das mesmas com os telespectadores da região.(AU)

TV REGIONAL NO VALE DO PARAÍBA - SP: expansão, aspectos da audiência e modos de inserção local

Investigação sobre a regionalização das redes de comunicação, em especial a televisão, fenômeno que representa uma realidade de segmentação da comunicação massiva. Objetiva-se analisar e classificar as emissoras regionais de televisão com relação aos seus modos de inserção local, observando-se suas especificidades, programação, estratégias de comunicação e ações de conquista de identidade com a comunidade onde estão inseridas, além de tentar compreender como se deu a expansão da televisão nessa região, desde a implantação da primeira emissora, em 1988, na cidade de São José dos Campos SP. Tomando-se como recorte de estudo, as emissoras de televisão regional de sinal aberto no Vale do Paraíba, estado de São Paulo, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-abertas com profissionais das áreas comercial e de programação das mesmas e aplicados questionários junto a uma amostra da população do Vale do Paraíba que representa os telespectadores potenciais da área de cobertura dessas emissoras, a fim de se identificar a percepção que o público receptor tem a respeito da presença e atuação das televisões locais. Conclui-se que os diferentes modos de inserção local das emissoras influem diretamente na relação de identidade das mesmas com os telespectadores da região.(AU)

Symbol for a Community: The Dickens Opera House and Theaters of the American West

This paper reveals the importance of the Dickens Opera House to the local history of Longmont, Colorado. Through an exploration of pioneer history and of architectural patronage and audience accommodation, this paper illustrates how the Dickens Opera House participated in the construction of cultural identity and civic aspirations of the city of Longmont. Using the Tabor Opera House of Leadville and Wright Opera House of Ouray as framing examples to place the Dickens Opera House within its proper architectural and historical context, I approach the building’s inception, construction, and early years as a way to track the early civic identity of a community through a work of architecture. The Dickens Opera House provided a point for the citizens of Longmont to focus their hopes of success and respectability in a newly formed community. An opera house provided a high-class perception of a town that provided a projection of respectability. Such a construction was built from various sources – the architecture of the building, simply calling the building an ‘opera house’, furnishings in the latest fashions and equipment of the latest technology, and extravagant scenery and curtains. In addition to these outward projections, opera houses also provided a place for community events. It was the location in town that brought people together.

CERCLA: A Case Study of Local Government Involvement in the Decision-Making Process in Colorado

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 strengthen roles of the community in the CERCLA process. Many layers of bureaucracy and the complexity of regulations make the implementation and enforcement of environmental policy a burdensome process. Local government, the public and private corporations have a critical role in the CERCLA decision-making process by implementing a comprehensive public participation process. This paper examines a case study in which a local Colorado health department implemented a successful public participation process in order to positively affect the remediation decision-making process.

Tourism dependence and host community perceptions: notes on the social exchange theory

This article examines the opinions of the local population on the south coast of the Spanish province of Alicante regarding the development of tourism in recent years, analysing their perception of the benefits of tourism using the social exchange theory. This study is presented in two stages. The qualitative stage, which is based on in-depth interviews and focus groups, acts as a guide for the second stage, which consists of a survey conducted with the resident Spanish population. It was found that people linked to the tourist sector through their work view tourism as the driving force behind the economic and social development of their towns, although they are more critical than others of the model that has been established. They defend the development process that has taken place, but feel that overcrowding brings their towns to a standstill and needs to be resolved.