Old and new forms of citizenship

Includes bibliography

Transaction scheduling using dynamic conflict avoidance

Software transaction memory (STM) systems have been used as an approach to improve performance, by allowing the concurrent execution of atomic blocks. However, under high-contention workloads, STM-based systems can considerably degrade performance, as transaction conflict rate increases. Contention management policies have been used as a way to select which transaction to abort when a conflict occurs. In general, contention managers are not capable of avoiding conflicts, as they can only select which transaction to abort and the moment it should restart. Since contention managers act only after a conflict is detected, it becomes harder to effectively increase transaction throughput. More proactive approaches have emerged, aiming at predicting when a transaction is likely to abort, postponing its execution. Nevertheless, most of the proposed proactive techniques are limited, as they do not replace the doomed transaction by another or, when they do, they rely on the operating system for that, having little or no control on which transaction to run. This article proposes LUTS, a lightweight user-level transaction scheduler. Unlike other techniques, LUTS provides the means for selecting another transaction to run in parallel, thus improving system throughput. We discuss LUTS design and propose a dynamic conflict-avoidance heuristic built around its scheduling capabilities. Experimental results, conducted with the STAMP and STMBench7 benchmark suites, running on TinySTM and SwissTM, show how our conflict-avoidance heuristic can effectively improve STM performance on high contention applications. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Sustainable urban energy planning: The case study of a tropical city

The urbanization of modern societies has imposed to the planners and decision-makers a more precise attention to facts not considered before. Several aspects, such as the energy availability and the deleterious effect of pollution on the populations, must be considered in the policy decisions of cities urbanization. The current paradigm presents centralized power stations supplying a city, and a combination of technologies may compose the energy mix of a country, such as thermal power plants, hydroelectric plants, wind systems and solar-based systems, with their corresponding emission pattern. A goal programming multi-objective optimization model is presented for the electric expansion analysis of a tropical city, and also a case study for the city of Guaratinguetá, Brazil, considering a particular wind and solar radiation patterns established according to actual data and modeled via the time series analysis method. Scenarios are proposed and the results of single environmental objective, single economic objective and goal programming multi-objective modeling are discussed. The consequences of each dispatch decision, which considers pollutant emission exportation to the neighborhood or the need of supplementing electricity by purchasing it from the public electric power grid, are discussed. The results revealed energetic dispatch for the alternatives studied and the optimum environmental and economic solution was obtained. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Women in the digital economy: breaking through the equality threshold

Prepared by ECLAC for the twelfth session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, this document systematizes and describes various dimensions that shape the way the region's women participate in the labour market and how they access and use the different elements of the digital economy. Information and communications technologies (ICTs); provide essential support across all economic, political, cultural and social activity, as well as being a production sector in their own right. As such, they are potential allies in the drive to achieve equality by helping reduce the gender inequities which constitute not only a gender digital gap but also a social divide. Public policies on gender equality must take into account the key and interconnected dimensions of economy, well-being and technology if they are to be capable of providing an ambitious and innovative response to the challenges of today's society. The core argument in the reflection on ICTs and gender equality thus has to do with how women engage in processes of change and sustainable development in the countries, which cannot be achieved without equal participation by men and women. From this perspective, the gender digital gap offers a specific opportunity to tackle gender inequalities in the region.

Mujeres en la economía digital: superar el umbral de la desigualdad. Síntesis

Prólogo de Alicia Bárcena

Mujeres en la economía digital: superar el umbral de la desigualdad

Prólogo de Alicia Bárcena

Women in the digital economy: breaking through the equality threshold. Summary

Prefacio Prepared by ECLAC for the twelfth session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, this document systematizes and describes various dimensions that shape the way the region's women participate in the labour market, and how they access and use the different elements of the digital economy. Information and communications technologies (ICTs) provide essential support across all economic, political, cultural and social activity, as well as being a production sector in their own right. As such, they are potential allies in the drive to achieve equality by helping reduce the gender inequities which constitute not only a gender digital gap but also a social divide. Public policies on gender equality must take into account the key and interconnected dimensions of economy, well-being and technology if they are to be capable of providing an ambitious and innovative response to the challenges of today's society. The core argument in the reflection on ICTs and gender equality thus has to do with how women engage in processes of change and sustainable development in the countries, which cannot be achieved without equal participation by men and women. From this perspective, the gender digital gap offers a specific opportunity to tackle gender inequalities in the region.

Les femmes et l'économie numérique: franchir le seuil de l'inégalité. Synthèse

Le document aborde le débat sur le changement structurel et la place des femmes dans la société de l’information, ainsi que la capacité de développement de leur autonomie dans le cadre de la mise en place d’un nouveau paradigme technologique. Il dresse un bilan de la situation des femmes sur le marché de l’emploi et passe en revue, sur la base des données des enquêtes disponibles, les indicateurs d’accès à et d’utilisation de l’Internet de façon à mesurer les écarts existants entre hommes et femmes dans différentes sphères sociales et géographiques.

A comunicação em uma disciplina de Introdução a Estatística: um olhar sob a formação inicial de professores de matemática a distância

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Da leitura no impresso à leitura na tela: novas veredas para a formação do leitor na escola

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

ECLAC Notes Nº 11

The impact of economic reforms in the regionHousing deficit persists in Latin America and the Caribbean Opinion: The transition toward a knowledge-based societyHighlights: The economic development of Latin America in the twentieth century Indicators The quest for more transparency in military spending Recent titles Calendar

Um estudo sobre a teoria da angústia na obra de Sigmund Freud: caminhos de construção e de descoberta

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Revista CEPAL no.113

El desarrollo ayer y hoy: idea y utopía / Rolando Cordera Campos .-- La competitividad de América Latina en el comercio de servicios basados en el conocimiento / Andrés López, Andrés Niembro y Daniela Ramos .-- Participación salarial y crecimiento económico en América Latina, 1950-2011 / Germán Alarco Tosoni .-- Patrones de progreso técnico en la economía brasileña, 1952-2008 / Adalmir Marquetti y Melody de Campos Soares Porsse .-- México: la combinación de las predicciones mensuales de inflación mediante encuestas / Pilar Poncela, Víctor M. Guerrero, Alejandro Islas, Julio Rodríguez y Rocío Sánchez-Mangas .-- Expectativas y producción industrial en el Uruguay: interdependencia sectorial y tendencias comunes / Bibiana Lanzilotta M. .-- Argentina: efectos del programa Asignación Universal por Hijo en el comportamiento laboral de los adultos / Roxana Maurizio y Gustavo Vázquez .-- Movilidad ocupacional y diferencial de ingresos: la experiencia del Brasil entre 2002 y 2010 / Sandro Eduardo Monsueto, Julimar da Silva Bichara y André Moreira Cunha .-- ¿Qué información proporciona el Examen Nacional de Enseñanza Media (enem) a la sociedad brasileña? / Rodrigo Travitzki, Jorge Calero y Carlota Boto .-- Fondo Constitucional de Financiamiento del Nordeste del Brasil: efectos diferenciados sobre el crecimiento económico de los municipios / Ricardo Brito Soares, Fabrício Carneiro Linhares, Marcos Falcão Gonçalves y Luiz Fernando Gonçalves Viana .-- Orientaciones para los colaboradores de la Revista cepal

CEPAL Review no. 113

Development then and now: Idea and utopia / Rolando Cordera Campos .-- Latin America’s competitive position in knowledge-intensive services trade / Andrés López, Andrés Niembro and Daniela Ramos .-- Wage share and economic growth in Latin America, 1950-2011 / Germán Alarco Tosoni .-- Patterns of technical progress in the Brazilian economy, 1952-2008 / Adalmir Marquetti and Melody de Campos Soares Porsse .-- Mexico: Combining monthly inflation predictions from surveys / Pilar Poncela, Víctor M. Guerrero, Alejandro Islas, Julio Rodríguez and Rocío Sánchez-Mangas .-- Expectations and industrial output in Uruguay: Sectoral interdependence and common trends / Bibiana Lanzilotta .-- Argentina: Impacts of the child allowance programme on the labour-market behaviour of adults / Roxana Maurizio and Gustavo Vázquez .-- Occupational mobility and income differentials: The experience of Brazil between 2002 and 2010 / Sandro Eduardo Monsueto, Julimar da Silva Bichara and André Moreira Cunha .-- What does the National High School Exam (enem) tell Brazilian society? / Rodrigo Travitzki, Jorge Calero and Carlota Boto .-- Brazil’s Northeast Financing Constitutional Fund: Differentiated effects on municipal economic growth / Fabrício Carneiro Linhares, Ricardo Brito Soares, Marcos Falcão Gonçalves and Luiz Fernando Gonçalves Viana.