Kiertoasetonin puhdistus aldehydeist�� fenolin tuotantoprosessissa

T��m�� opinn��ytety�� tehtiin Borealis Polymers Oy:n Porvoon tuotantolaitokselle. Ty��n ta-voitteena oli kehitt���� Borealiksen fenolin tuotantoprosessiin kiertoasetonin aldehydien poisto ratkaisu silt�� varalta, ett�� uuden hajotusteknologian k��ytt����n oton j��lkeen ensisijai-nen aldehydien poistoratkaisu osoittautuisi riitt��m��tt��m��ksi ja asetonituotteessa ilmenisi spesifikaatio-ongelmia. Tutkimuksen kokeellinen osuus suoritettiin pienell�� paineen kest��v��ll�� reaktorilla, jossa eri parametreja olivat: paine, l��mp��tila, reagenssit ja konsentraatiot ja reaktioaika. Tavoittee-na oli k��ytt���� saatuja tutkimustuloksia asetonituotteen pit��misess�� spesifikaatioiden mu-kaisena erityisesti aldehydien suhteen. Tutkimuksen suurimpina ongelmina olivat tuotantoprosessin monimutkaisuus, n��ytemat-riisin kompleksisuus, tuoteh��vikki, uusien ep��puhtauksien syntyminen ja poistettujen ep��-puhtauksien stabiilisuus. Matriisin kompleksisuus ja reaktioista johtuvat koostumuksen vaihtelut vaikeuttivat analyysej�� ja matriisin em��ksisyys aiheutti analyysilaitteiston huolto-v��lin kaventumista. N��ytteiden analysointi tapahtui Hewlett Packard 5890-kaasukromatografilla k��ytt��en FID-detektoria ja J&W Scientific/Agilent DB Wax-kapillaarikolonnia. Tutkimuksen tavoitteet saavutettiin ja tislauskolonnista valmistetun reaktorin osoitettiin olevan toimiva ratkaisu aldehydien poistamiseksi uudessa fenolin tuotantoprosessissa. Samalla tuoteasetonin laatua parannettiin ja aldehydipuhdistuksen turvamarginaalia kas-vatettiin. Tutkimustulosten perusteella tehtiin reaktorink��yt��st�� vastaavalle operaattorille k��ytt��ohje.

Transfer pricing as a means for motivating management of profit centers

The main objective of this study is to analyze the role and potential of transfer pricing as a means of management control in large organizations. The special emphasis is on analyzing the potential of transfer pricing when we are motivating the profit center managers. The research approach is theoretical and literature reviews include studies about profit center organizations, performance measurement and analysis, incentive systems, transfer pricing techniques and agency theory. Based on the analysis, it seems that transfer pricing is a suitable tool for controlling, motivating and managing profit center managers. This requires that the performance measurement can be done fairly and transfer prices are set using fair assumptions. The motivating effects of transfer pricing can be enhanced if the reward system is connected to performance measurement system. In synthesis there is presented effects of transfer pricing to profit center managers behavior. There is also presented opinion about fair transfer pricing policy.

Centralized Identity Management for Web Applications

Internet-palvelujen m����r�� kasvaa jatkuvasti. Henkil��ll�� on yleens�� yksi s��hk��inen identiteetti jokaisessa k��ytt��m��ss����n palvelussa. Autentikointitunnusten turvallinen s��ilytys k��y yh�� vaikeammaksi, kun niit�� kertyy yhdet jokaisesta uudesta palvelurekister��itymisest��. T��m�� diplomity�� tarkastelee ongelmaa ja ratkaisuja sek�� palvelul��ht��isest�� ett�� teknisest�� n��k��kulmasta. Palvelul��ht��isen identiteetinhallinnan liiketoimintakonsepti ja toteutustekniikat ��� kuten single sign-on (SSO) ja Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) ��� k��yd����n l��pi karkeiden esimerkkien avulla sek�� tutustuen Nokia Account -hankkeessa tuotetun ratkaisun konseptiin ja teknisiin yksityiskohtiin. Nokia Account -palvelun ensimm��isen version toteutusta analysoidaan lopuksi identiteetinhallintapalveluiden suunnitteluperiaatteita ja vaatimuksia vasten.

Ihminen organisaatiossa ja organisaatio ihmisen�� - organisaatiotasojen kadottamisesta postmodernissa organisaatiotutkimuksessa

Abstract: Human being in organizations and organization as a human being - on loosing organizational levels in the postmodern research on organizatons

Diverse Routes from School, via Higher Education, to Employment. A Comparison of Nine European Countries

The central theme for this study is graduate employment and employability in European-wide discussion. In this study, the complex relationships between higher education and the world of work are explored from the vantage point of how individuals make use of the higher education system in their transition from education to employment. The variation among individual transition processes in nine European countries is analysed with the help of a comparable graduate survey. Countries in this study are Italy, Spain, France, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Finland, and Norway. The data used for the study is commonly known as the ���CHEERS��� or ���Careers after Higher Education, A European Research Survey.��� The data was collected in 1999. The study discusses the possibilities and limitations the higher education system has in supporting the initial education-to-work transitions of youth. The study also addresses problems with comparing national higher education systems in terms of enrolment and graduate employability. A central purpose for this study is to reflect on concerns about the prolongation of individual transitions with a framework that simultaneously considers both the graduate employability and the duration of the education-to-work transition process. The key concept for this study is the standard student/graduate; synonym concepts are the traditional and the conventional student/graduate. Standard graduates are relatively young individuals who are performing their initial transition from education to working-life and who complete the degree-earning process within the stipulated time frame. In all nine countries, standard graduates make up a considerable share of the student flow, passing from higher education to the labour markets. The share of standard graduates is by far the largest in France, where they comprise the overwhelming mass. The proportion of the standard graduates is the lowest in Italy, Finland, and Austria where approximately one in four graduates completed the process of higher education within the stipulated time frame. Of the nine countries compared, employability of the whole graduate population is the greatest in Norway, the UK, Finland, and the Netherlands. Compared with employability of the whole graduate population, variation among the countries is considerably reduced when reviewing the employability of only the standard graduates. Thereby, even though the ranking among countries remains largely unchanged, the variations among them are smaller when the duration of degree earning process is standardized. The study also discusses other ideal types of student careers (or transition processes) besides the standard student/graduate. Results of regression analyses indicate that that at the pan-European level analysis, the graduate labour markets are not heavily segmented in terms of the type of the individual transition process. When considering within-country differences between the graduates, the field of studies is clearly a more powerful explanatory variable than the type of the transition process. There are, nevertheless, clear indications that, irrespective of the country, chances of finding a high status job are, on the average, highest amongst those who graduate within the stipulated duration of the degree program and who thereby have experienced the standard student career, whereas, participating in working life while studying protects against unemployment after finishing one���s degree.