Ground target detection, classification and sensor fusion in distributed fiber seismic sensor network - art. no. 683015

This paper describes the ground target detection, classification and sensor fusion problems in distributed fiber seismic sensor network. Compared with conventional piezoelectric seismic sensor used in UGS, fiber optic sensor has advantages of high sensitivity and resistance to electromagnetic disturbance. We have developed a fiber seismic sensor network for target detection and classification. However, ground target recognition based on seismic sensor is a very challenging problem because of the non-stationary characteristic of seismic signal and complicated real life application environment. To solve these difficulties, we study robust feature extraction and classification algorithms adapted to fiber sensor network. An united multi-feature (UMF) method is used. An adaptive threshold detection algorithm is proposed to minimize the false alarm rate. Three kinds of targets comprise personnel, wheeled vehicle and tracked vehicle are concerned in the system. The classification simulation result shows that the SVM classifier outperforms the GMM and BPNN. The sensor fusion method based on D-S evidence theory is discussed to fully utilize information of fiber sensor array and improve overall performance of the system. A field experiment is organized to test the performance of fiber sensor network and gather real signal of targets for classification testing.

Recombinant protein of heptad-repeat HR212, a stable fusion inhibitor with potent anti-HIV action in vitro

HR212, a recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli, has been previously reported to inhibit HIV-1 membrane fusion at low nanomolar level. Here we report that HR212 is effective in blocking laboratory strain HIV-1IIIB entry and replication with EC50 values of 3.92±0.62 and 6.59±1.74 nM, respectively, and inhibiting infection by clinic isolate HIV-1KM018 with EC50 values of 44.44±10.20 nM, as well as suppressing HIV-1- induced cytopathic effect with an EC50 value of 3.04±1.20 nM. It also inhibited HIV-2ROD and HIV-2CBL-20 entry and replication in the μM range. Notably, HR212 was highly effective against T20-resistant strains with EC50 values ranging from 5.09 to 7.75 nM. Unlike T20, HR212 showed stability sufficient to inhibit syncytia formation in a time-of-addition assay, and was insensitive to proteinase K digestion. These results suggest that HR212 has great potential to be further developed as novel HIV-1 fusion inhibitor for treatment of HIV/ AIDS patients, particularly for those infected by T20-resistant variants.

TRIM5-CypA融合基因与北平顶猴易感HIV-1的机制研究

天然免疫分子TRIM5α（tripartite motif protein 5α）是近年来发现的一种重要的宿主细胞内逆转录病毒限制因子。在灵长类动物细胞中，TRIM5α蛋白可以在病毒进入细胞后、逆转录前的阶段抑制HIV-1、N-MLV和EIAV等逆转录病毒的复制。由于TRIM5α分子的作用，绝大部分旧大陆猴（Old World monkey）都不能感染HIV-1。而在新大陆猴（New World monkey）中，鹰猴是唯一不感染HIV-1的灵长类动物。研究证明，鹰猴细胞中存在的TRIM5-CypA融合蛋白（owl monkey TRIM5-CypA，omTRIMCyp）介导了抗HIV-1的作用，从而使鹰猴不能感染HIV-1。研究证明，平顶猴是旧大陆猴中唯一报道可以感染HIV-1的灵长类动物，但是其感染HIV-1的机制并不清楚。根据现行的灵长类动物分类学，原属平顶猴群体（M. nemestrina group）的三个亚种分为猕猴属的三个不同种：巽他平顶猴（Sunda pig-tailed macaque，M. nemestrina），北平顶猴（Northern pig-tailed macaque，M. leonina）和明打威猴（Mentawai macaque，M. pagensis）。本论文对中国云南境内北平顶猴TRIM5基因座和感染HIV-1的相关性进行了研究。通过PCR和测序对北平顶猴基因组TRIM5基因座进行分析，发现一个CypA假基因的cDNA通过逆转座机制插入至TRIM5基因座的3’-UTR区域，形成了一个不同于鹰猴TRIM5-CypA的新型融合基因npmTRIMCyp（northern pig-tailed macaque TRIM5-CypA）。通过RT-PCR对npmTRIMCyp融合基因的转录本进行分析，我们鉴定出npmTRIMCyp共有3种不同的选择性剪接产物，分别为npmTRIMCypV1-V3。进一步克隆和测序这3种不同选择性剪接体，通过丰度和序列分析证实：npmTRIMCypV2是优势剪接体，可能在该融合基因产物的功能中发挥作用。研究发现北平顶猴npmTRIMCyp融合基因主要转录本中外显子7和8均被剪切掉。外显子7剪接丢失机制源于TRIM5第6内含子内 3’剪接位点的G/T突变。我们克隆了npmTRIMCyp融合基因cDNA的蛋白编码区ORF，并构建了重组表达npmTRIMCyp的载体，转染HeLa和HeLa-T4细胞并获得稳定表达的细胞株。通过感染HIV-1证实，npmTRIMCyp融合蛋白不能够限制HIV-1的感染和复制，这可能是北平顶猴作为旧大陆猴中唯一对HIV-1易感的灵长类动物的重要分子机制之一。通过HIV-1感染灵长类动物PBMCs实验证实，北平顶猴可以感染HIV-1。npmTRIMCyp可以有效地限制HIV-2ROD的复制，但对SIVmac239只有十分微弱的限制活性。通过构建鹰猴omTRIMCyp和北平顶猴npmTRIMCyp的置换剪接体（SWAP-1和SWAP-2），转染融合基因及其置换剪接体的CRFK细胞激光共聚焦实验证明，npmTRIMCyp、SWAP1和SWAP2在细胞内主要存在于胞浆中。稳定表达融合蛋白和置换剪接体的CRFK细胞感染HIV-1-GFP-VSVG分析表明，含omTRIMCyp外显子7的SWAP-1和SWAP-2均具有限制HIV-1活性，但SWAP-1的活性更强一些，这表明TRIM5结构域的外显子7可能在介导对HIV-1的限制活性中发挥了协同辅助作用。免疫共沉淀研究表明，npmTRIMCyp不能识别和结合HIV-1的衣壳蛋白。对北平顶猴中介导识别逆转录病毒区域的基因组部分进行了测序，共鉴定出46个多态性位点，表明在北平顶猴识别逆转录病毒衣壳区域存在较高的多态性。

Dynamics of morphological changes for mitochondrial fission and fusion

Mitochondria experience continuous fusion and fission in a living cell, but their dynamics remains poorly quantified. Here a theoretical model was developed, upon a simplified population balance equation (PBE), to predict the morphological changes induced by mitochondrial fission and fusion. Assuming that both fission and fusion events are statistically independent, the survival probability of mitochondria staying in the fission or fusion state was formulated as an exponentially-decayed function with time, which depended on the time-dependent distribution of the mitochondrial volume and the fission and fusion rates. Parametric analysis was done for two typical volume distributions. One was Gamma distribution and the other was Gaussian distribution, derived from the measurements of volume distribution for individual mitochondria in a living cell and purified mitochondria in vitro. The predictions indicated that the survival probability strongly depended on morphological changes of individual mitochondria and was inversely correlated to the fission and fusion rates. This work provided a new insight into quantifying the mitochondrial dynamics via monitoring the evolution of the mitochondrial volume.

Production of heavy and superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions

Within the framework of a dinuclear system (DNS) model, the evaporation-residue excitation functions and the quasi-fission mass yields in the 48Ca induced fusion reactions are investigated systematically and compared with available experimental data. Maximal production cross sections of superheavy nuclei based on stable actinide targets are obtained. Isotopic trends in the production of the superheavy elements Z = 110, 112–118 based on the actinide isotopic targets are analyzed systematically. Optimal evaporation channels and combinations as well as the corresponding excitation energies are proposed. The possible factors that influencing the isotopic dependence of the production cross sections are analyzed. The formation of the superheavy nuclei based on the isotopes U with different projectiles are also investigated and calculated.

Production mechanism of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions

Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer process. The capture of two heavy colliding nuclei, the formation of the compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are calculated by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving a set of microscopically derived master equations numerically and applying statistical theory, respectively.Fusion-fission reactions and evaporation residue excitation functions of synthesizing superheavy nuclei (SHN)are investigated systematically and compared them with available experimental data. The possible factors that affecting the production cross sections of SHN are discussed in this workshop.

Fusion dynamics of symmetric systems near barrier energies

Within the framework of the improved isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (ImIQMD) model,he fusion dynamics of symmetric reaction systems are investigated systematically. Calculations show that the number of nucleon transfer in the neck region is appreciably dependent on the incident energies, but strongly on he reaction systems. A comparison of the neck dynamics is performed for the symmetric reactions 58Ni+58Niand 64Ni+64Ni at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. An increase of the ratios of the neutron to proton in the neck region at initial collision stage is observed and obvious for the latter system, which reduces the fusion barrier of two colliding nuclei. The distribution of the dynamical fusion barriers and the fusion excitation functions are calculated and compared with the available experimental data.