Comparison of crystallinity between natural hydroxyapatite and synthetic cp-Ti /HA coatings

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Poder local e o funcionamento do com��rcio vicinal na cidade de S��o Paulo (1765-1822)

Este texto apresenta algumas hip��teses e id��ias sobre o com��rcio de abastecimento da cidade de S��o Paulo, entre os anos 1765-1822, atrav��s de dados quantitativos e qualitativos levantados em dois conjuntos documentais produzidos pelo Senado da C��mara: Atas e Pap��is Avulsos. Este com��rcio �� entendido como um dos circuitos do organismo colonial, conforme proposto por Jos�� Roberto do Amaral Lapa. Neste sentido, vem sendo constatado seu funcionamento aut��nomo, de acordo com os fluxos do mercado interno, as a����es dos negociantes-arrematadores de contratos e as rea����es do Senado da C��mara de S��o Paulo para enfrentar seus contextos de crise e a radicaliza����o de rela����es de poder em torno deste circuito mercantil, como fator desencadeador de disputas e hostilidades entre interesses pol��ticos locais, negociantes-arrematadores e autoridades r��gias.

Effects of selective logging on the mating system and pollen dispersal of Hymenaea courbaril L. (Leguminosae) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon as revealed by microsatellite analysis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Uso de res��duos agroindustriais nas produ����es de cana-de-a����car, a����car e ��lcool

In order to study the effect of gypsum, lime and the mixture of lime-gypsum, associated with syrup in the agricultural and industrial production and in the rooting of sugar-cane (Saccharum spp.), var. IAC 58-480, one experiment was carried out in soil Terra Roxa Estrutura. Sugar-cane was planted in November 1986, and the cane-plant harvesting in September 1988. Three successive harvests were collected.The experiment was set in a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications .The treatments were: T1 - 1.2 ton/ha of lime; T2 - 0.8 ton/ha of lime + 0.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T3 - 0.6 ton/ha of lime + 0.6 ton/ha of gypsum; T4 - 0.4 ton/ha of lime + 0.8 ton/ha of gypsum; T5 - 1.2 ton/ha of gypsum; T6 - 2.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T7 - control. Syrup was applied at the amount of 45 m3/ha.In September 1990, after the third harvesting, the second application of the treatments was made, the gypsum being applied in amounts four times greater than those of that put into practice at the planting. During harvest, the following parameters were evaluated: number, length and average diameter of the stalks; yield; and probable sugar and theoretical alcohol production per hectare.The results showed that the second application of the treatments recuperated the crop. Greater yields were achieved when the gypsum was associated with lime or syrup.

Associacao de opioides lipofilicos a bupivacaina na anestesia peridural. Ha vantagem no aumento da dose do opioide?

Background and Objectives: - The effects of associating lipophilic opioids to local anesthetics in epidural anesthesia are not well defined. There are still questions and controversies about opioid doses to be used and their major effects in the epidural block. This study aimed at evaluating the epidural block effects in humans of the association of different fentanyl and sufentanil doses to bupivacaine with 1:200.000 epinephrine. Methods: - A double-blind randomized study was performed in 94 patients of both genders, physical status ASA I, aged between 18 and 60 years, submitted to lower abdomen, perineal or lower limb surgery. Patients without preanesthetic medication were epidurally injected with 100 mg (20 ml) 0.5% bupivacaine, 0.1 mg (0.1 ml) 1%o epinephrine plus a combination of the following drugs: BUPI Group (15 patients): 2 ml of 0.9% saline solution (SS); FENT50 Group (19 patients): 50 ��g (1 ml) fentanyl + 1 ml SS; FENT100 Group (20 patients): 100 ��g (2 ml) fentanyl; SUF30 Group (20 patients): 30 ��g (0.6 ml) sufentanil + SS (1.4 ml); SUF100 Group (20 patients): 50 ��g (1 ml) sufentanil + SS (1 ml). The following parameters were studied: onset of sensory block, analgesic block (onset time) in T12, T10 and T8, analgesic block duration in T10 and T12, motor block degree, consciousness degree, need for supplemental perioperative sedation and analgesia, hypotension, bradycardia and peri and post operative side-effects, analgesia duration, proportion of patients needing supplemental analgesia and evaluation of postoperative pain (pain analog visual scale). Results: Groups were demographically uniform. The addition of fentanyl or sufentanil did not alter major characteristics of perioperative epidural block and has not significantly increased postoperative analgesia duration as compared to the use of bupivacaine only. However, the addition of lipophilic opioids has increased the quality of perioperative anesthetic block, translated into a lesser need for supplemental analgesia (p < 0.02). The increased dose of fentanyl and especially of sufentanil has increased the incidence of perioperative drowsiness (p < 0.001) without significant increase in other side effects. Conclusions: In the conditions and doses used, the addition of lipophilic opioids to bupivacaine and the increased dose of lipophilic opioids have improved anesthetic block quality without changes in the epidural block characteristics or a significant increase in side effects, with the exception of drowsiness mainly caused by sufentanil. However, they were not able to provide a significant increase in postoperative analgesia duration.

Los mercados en el Istmo Centroamericano y M��xico: ��qu�� ha pasado con la competencia?

Incluye Bibliograf��a

El sector financiero en Am��rica Latina: ha llegado la hora de consolidar el marco institucional

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S��ntese de sistemas estritamente reais positivos atrav��s do crit��rio de routh-hurwitz

Given a linear time-invariant plant Gol(s) with one input and q outputs, where q > 1, a method based on the Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion is proposed to obtain a constant tandem matrix F ��� ���q, such that FGOl(s) is a minimumphase system. From this solution, the system FGol(s) is represented in state space by {A, B, FC} and a constant output feedback matrix K0 ��� ��� is obtained such that the feedback system {A - BK0C, B, FC} is Strictly Positive Real (SPR). The proposed procedure offers necessary and sufficient conditions for both problems. Initially, the general case, with a generic q, is analyzed. Following, the particular cases q = 2 and q = 3 are studied.

Los mercados en el Istmo Centroamericano y M��xico: ��qu�� ha pasado con la competencia?

Incluye Bibliograf��a

La familia desde la cultura. ��Qu�� ha cambiado en Am��rica Latina?

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Pueblos ind��genas de Am��rica Latina: pol��ticas y programas de salud, ��cu��nto y c��mo se ha avanzado? Informe del Seminario-Taller

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La apertura comercial ��ha creado para��sos de contaminadores en Am��rica Latina?

Incluye Bibliograf��a

Dynamics and Conformational Studies of TOAC Spin Labeled Analogues of Ctx(Ile21)-Ha Peptide from Hypsiboas albopunctatus

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) isolated from several organisms have been receiving much attention due to some specific features that allow them to interact with, bind to, and disrupt cell membranes. The aim of this paper was to study the interactions between a membrane mimetic and the cationic AMP Ctx(Ile21)-Ha as well as analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) incorporated at residue positions n = 0, 2, and 13. Circular dichroism studies showed that the peptides, except for [TOAC13]Ctx(Ile21)-Ha, are unstructured in aqueous solution but acquire different amounts of ��-helical secondary structure in the presence of trifluorethanol and lysophosphocholine micelles. Fluorescence experiments indicated that all peptides were able to interact with LPC micelles. In addition, Ctx(Ile21)-Ha and [TOAC13]Ctx(Ile21)-Ha peptides presented similar water accessibility for the Trp residue located near the N-terminal sequence. Electron spin resonance experiments showed two spectral components for [TOAC0]Ctx(Ile21)-Ha, which are most likely due to two membrane-bound peptide conformations. In contrast, TOAC2 and TOAC13 derivatives presented a single spectral component corresponding to a strong immobilization of the probe. Thus, our findings allowed the description of the peptide topology in the membrane mimetic, where the N-terminal region is in dynamic equilibrium between an ordered, membrane-bound conformation and a disordered, mobile conformation; position 2 is most likely situated in the lipid polar head group region, and residue 13 is fully inserted into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. �� 2013 Vicente et al.