The Robustness of Periodic Orchestrations in Uncertain Evolving Environments

A framework for assessing the robustness of long-duration repetitive orchestrations in uncertain evolving environments is proposed. The model assumes that service-based evaluation environments are stable over short time-frames only; over longer periods service-based environments evolve as demand fluctuates and contention for shared resources varies. The behaviour of a short-duration orchestration E in a stable environment is assessed by an uncertainty profile U and a corresponding zero-sum angel-daemon game Γ(U) [2]. Here the angel-daemon approach is extended to assess evolving environments by means of a subfamily of stochastic games. These games are called strategy oblivious because their transition probabilities are strategy independent. It is shown that the value of a strategy oblivious stochastic game is well defined and that it can be computed by solving a linear system. Finally, the proposed stochastic framework is used to assess the evolution of the Gabrmn IT system.

DEX: self-healing expanders

Rhodopsin gene polymorphism associated with divergent light environments in atlantic cod

The spectral sensitivity of visual pigments in vertebrate eyes is optimized for specific light conditions. One of such pigments, rhodopsin (RH1), mediates dim-light vision. Amino acid replacements at tuning sites may alter spectral sensitivity, providing a mechanism to adapt to ambient light conditions and depth of habitat in fish. Here we present a first investigation of RH1 gene polymorphism among two ecotypes of Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters, which experience divergent light environments throughout the year due to alternative foraging behaviour. We identified one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the RH1 protein coding region and one in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) that are strongly divergent between these two ecotypes. Moreover, these polymorphisms coincided with the well-known panthophysin (Pan I) polymorphism that differentiates coastal and frontal (migratory) populations of Atlantic cod. While the RH1 SNPs do not provide direct inference for a specific molecular mechanism, their association with this dim-sensitive pigment indicates the involvement of the visual system in local adaptation of Atlantic cod.

Tools and Environments for Networked Electronic Performance

A collection of software and hardware tools and environments that facilitate collective networked performance between electronic musicians. Tools include 'Chat Monkey', a live chat tool for performance, 'DMA Sequencing', a step sequencer using open sound control messaging and multi nodal control, 'tutti, duet, trio, solo, quartet', an ensemble management environment, and 'Por Larrañaga', a cigar box based electro-acoustic instrument with embedded sensors and controllers. Notable performances: w/BLISS, NCAD, Dublin, 1 March 2015; w/BLISS, NI Science Festival, Belfast, 21 Feb 2015

The role of LL-37 in periodontal wound healing

Introduction: As a result of chronic inflammation during periodontal disease the junctional epithelium becomes micro-ulcerated. The inflammatory process is mediated by both bacterial and host cell products. Host defence peptides such as defensins, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and the sole human cathelicidin, LL-37, are secreted by both periodontal cells and neutrophils into gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). They have the ability to modulate the immune response in periodontitis and are thought to have a potential role in periodontal wound healing. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the role of LL-37 in the production of Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by gingival fibroblasts. The role of LL-37 in modulating total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 by gingival fibroblasts was also investigated. Methods: Primary gingival fibroblasts were co-cultured with concentrations of LL-37 (1, 5 and 10µg/ml) for 24 hours and their supernatants tested for levels of IL-8 and IL-6, HGF, bFGF, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by ELISA. Rates of MMP turnover in the supernatants were tested by fluorogenic assay using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide substrates. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Statistical significance was measured using the independent t-test and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: LL-37 significantly upregulated levels of IL-8, IL-6, HGF, bFGF and TIMP-1 (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent fashion. LL-37 significantly decreased the total MMP activity (p<0.05). None of the LL-37 concentrations tested were cytotoxic to gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion: These results indicate that LL-37 is involved in periodontal wound healing. LL-37 increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased levels of growth factors involved in re-epithelialisation. LL-37 has the ability to regulate remodelling of the periodontium by controlling MMP overactivity both directly and by stimulating production of inhibitors by gingival fibroblasts.

Learning from Outdoor Webcams: Surveillance of Physical Activity Across Environments

Abstract
Publicly available, outdoor webcams continuously view the world and share images. These cameras include traffic cams, campus cams, ski-resort cams, etc. The Archive of Many Outdoor Scenes (AMOS) is a project aiming to geolocate, annotate, archive, and visualize these cameras and images to serve as a resource for a wide variety of scientific applications. The AMOS dataset has archived over 750 million images of outdoor environments from 27,000 webcams since 2006. Our goal is to utilize the AMOS image dataset and crowdsourcing to develop reliable and valid tools to improve physical activity assessment via online, outdoor webcam capture of global physical activity patterns and urban built environment characteristics.
This project’s grand scale-up of capturing physical activity patterns and built environments is a methodological step forward in advancing a real-time, non-labor intensive assessment using webcams, crowdsourcing, and eventually machine learning. The combined use of webcams capturing outdoor scenes every 30 min and crowdsources providing the labor of annotating the scenes allows for accelerated public health surveillance related to physical activity across numerous built environments. The ultimate goal of this public health and computer vision collaboration is to develop machine learning algorithms that will automatically identify and calculate physical activity patterns.

Thermal environments and comfort in dementia friendly dwellings

This study follows on from a research project that developed guidelines for the Universal Design (UD) of Dementia Friendly Dwellings for People with Dementia, their Families and Carers. Research findings point to the need for thermal environments that support people with dementia and do not provoke stress, agitation or anxiety. Using semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis of people with dementia this paper aims to provide insight into the questions of appropriate thermal environments. The qualitative analysis is supported by example simulated indoor environment studies that investigate comfort in common thermal environment provision scenarios in the homes of people with dementia. This paper focuses on the thermal environment, its impact on people with dementia, its therapeutic value, and its role in encouraging engagement in every day activity.
Findings from the interviews emphasize that control over their own internal environment is a priority for people with dementia. A strong preference for naturally or passively conditioned environments over mechanical conditioning is evident. Preferences are expressed for naturally ventilated environments enabling occupant instigated air movement. Repeated emphasis is placed on familiar elements including the fire and hot water bottle. Little desire is expressed for information feedback or technological displays.

Materials in extreme environments for energy, accelerators and space applications at ELI-NP.

As a leading facility in laser-driven nuclear physics, ELI-NP will develop innovative research in the fields of materials behavior in extreme environments and radiobiology, with applications in the development of accelerator components, new materials for next generation fusion and fission reactors, shielding solutions for equipment and human crew in long term space missions and new biomedical technologies. The specific properties of the laser-driven radiation produced with two lasers of 1 PW at a pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz each are an ultra-short time scale, a relatively broadband spectrum and the possibility to provide simultaneously several types of radiation. Complex, cosmic-like radiation will be produced in a ground-based laboratory allowing comprehensive investigations of their effects on materials and biological systems. The expected maximum energy and intensity of the radiation beams are 19 MeV with 10^9 photon/pulse for photon radiation, 2 GeV with 108 electron/pulse for electron beams, 60 MeV with 10^12 proton/pulse for proton and ion beams and 60 MeV with 107 neutron/pulse for a neutron source. Research efforts will be directed also towards measurements for radioprotection of the prompt and activated dose, as a function of laser and target characteristics and to the development and testing of various dosimetric methods and equipment.

Compact Routing Messages in Self-Healing Trees

Existing compact routing schemes, e.g., Thorup and Zwick [SPAA 2001] and Chechik [PODC 2013], often have no means to tolerate failures, once the system has been setup and started. This paper presents, to our knowledge, the first self-healing compact routing scheme. Besides, our schemes are developed for low memory nodes, i.e., nodes need only O(log2 n) memory, and are thus, compact schemes.
We introduce two algorithms of independent interest: The first is CompactFT, a novel compact version (using only O(log n) local memory) of the self-healing algorithm Forgiving Tree of Hayes et al. [PODC 2008]. The second algorithm (CompactFTZ) combines CompactFT with Thorup-Zwick’s treebased compact routing scheme [SPAA 2001] to produce a fully compact self-healing routing scheme. In the self-healing model, the adversary deletes nodes one at a time with the affected nodes self-healing locally by adding few edges. CompactFT recovers from each attack in only O(1) time and ∆ messages, with only +3 degree increase and O(log∆) graph diameter increase, over any sequence of deletions (∆ is the initial maximum degree).
Additionally, CompactFTZ guarantees delivery of a packet sent from sender s as long as the receiver has not been deleted, with only an additional O(y log ∆) latency, where y is the number of nodes that have been deleted on the path between s and t. If t has been deleted, s gets informed and the packet removed from the network.

Diversity of Aeromonas species from different environments in Portugal

Espécies de Aeromonas encontram-se distribuídas por diferentes habitats, estando especialmente relacionadas com ambientes aquáticos. O seu papel em complicações na saúde humana e animal é reconhecido. De facto, não só pelo seu potencial de virulência, mas também pelos determinantes genéticos de resistência a antibióticos que possam conter, estes organismos constituem uma preocupação na medicina humana e veterinária. Assim, é essencial o estudo da diversidade de espécies de Aeromonas bem como explorar as suas características fenotípicas e genéticas que podem conduzir a impactos negativos. A água constitui um importante veículo de transmissão de microrganismos e espécies de Aeromonas estão amplamente distribuídas em águas tratadas e não tratadas. Em Portugal é ainda comum o consumo de águas não tratadas cuja qualidade, na maioria das vezes, não é sujeita a monitorização, como acontece por exemplo, em explorações agrícolas de gestão familiar. Neste estudo, investigou-se a presença de Aeromonas em águas não tratadas para consumo. Estabeleceu-se também uma linha horizontal de colheitas de diferentes amostras de origem agrícola com o intuito de avaliar a possibilidade de a água ser uma das vias de contaminação de culturas agrícolas e animais por espécies de Aeromonas. Obtiveram-se 483 isolados que foram discriminados por RAPD-PCR. 169 estirpes distintas foram identificadas ao nível da espécie por análise filogenética baseada no gene gyrB. Verificou-se uma frequente ocorrência bem como uma diversidade considerável de espécies de Aeromonas. Em alguns casos, as relações genotípicas entre isolados de diferentes amostras eram muito próximas. Adicionalmente, a maioria das amostras continha diferentes espécies e estirpes distintas da mesma espécie. A. media e A. hydrophila foram as espécies mais ocorrentes. Um grupo de isolados apresentou variantes moleculares de gyrB diferente das conhecidas até agora, o que indica que poderão constituir espécies não descritas. O perfil de susceptibilidade da colecção de Aeromonas a diferentes antibióticos foi estabelecido, constituindo um perfil típico do género, com algumas excepções. Estirpes multirresistentes foram encontradas. A presença de genes tet e bla foi investigada por estudos de PCR, hibridação e, em alguns casos, de sequenciação. Como era esperado, cphA/imiS foi o mais detectado. A detecção de integrões fez-se por PCR e hibridação e a sua caracterização foi feita por sequenciação de DNA; a sua ocorrência foi reduzida. A maioria das estirpes sintetizou enzimas extracelulares com actividade lipolítica e proteolítica que potencialmente contribuem para virulência. A análise por PCR e hibridação permitiram a detecção de vários determinantes genéticos que codificam moléculas possivelmente envolvidas em processos patogénicos. Diversas espécies de Aeromonas apresentando características relacionadas com resistência a antibióticos e potencialmente de virulência estão frequentemente presentes em produtos para consumo humano e animal em Portugal. ABSTRACT: Aeromonas spp. are present in a wide range of ecological niches, being mainly related to aquatic environments. Their role in human and animal health complications is recognised. In fact, not only for their putative virulence but also for the antibiotic resistance genetic determinants Aeromonas may harbour, these organisms constitute an issue of concern in human and veterinary medicine. Thus, it is essential to get knowledge on Aeromonas sp. diversity and on their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that may lead to negative impacts. Water constitutes a good contamination route for microorganisms and Aeromonas are widespread in untreated and treated waters from different sources. In Portugal there is still an extensive use of untreated water which is not regularly monitored for quality. This is often the case in family smallholding farms. In this study untreated drinking and mineral waters were assessed for their content in Aeromonas spp. Furthermore, a sampling scheme was designed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of Aeromonas sp. in different agricultural correlated sources and to assess the possibility of water being the transmission vehicle between those sources. 483 isolates were obtained and discriminated by RAPD-PCR. Identification at the species level for 169 distinct strains was done by gyrB based phylogenetic analysis. Results demonstrated the frequent occurrence and considerable diversity of Aeromonas spp. In some cases, genotypic close relations were found between isolates from different sources. Also, most samples contained different species and distinct strains of the same species. A. media and A. hydrophila were the most occurring. A group of isolates displayed gyrB gene sequences distinct from the previously known, indicating that they may constitute representatives of non-described species. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the aeromonads collection was established and constituted a typical profile of the genus, although few exceptions. Multiresistance patterns were found. The presence of tet and bla genes was investigated by PCR, hybridisation and, in some cases, sequencing analysis. As expected, cphA/imiS was the most detected. Integrons were screened by PCR and hybridisation and characterised by DNA sequencing; low occurrence was recorded. The bulk of strains was able to produce extracellular enzymes with lipolytic and proteolytic activities, which may contribute to virulence. PCR and hybridisation surveys allowed the detection of distinct genetic determinants coding for molecules putatively involved in pathogenic processes. Diverse Aeromonas sp. presenting distinct antibiotic resistance features and putative virulence traits are frequently present in many sources for human and animal consumption in Portugal.

Adaptation of Cladocerans in metal-polluted heterogeneous environments

No presente trabalho o cladócero Daphnia longispina foi utilizado como organismo modelo para a avaliação dos efeitos ecológicos da adaptação a ambientes contaminados por metais. Foram amostradas populações naturais de D. longispina num local sujeito à contaminação por metais e num local próximo, de referência, ambos localizados no sistema aquático na área envolvente à mina abandonada de São Domingos. Várias linhagens clonais de ambas as populações foram mantidas em laboratório, sob condições controladas, para a execução dos testes. Um dos testes realizados permitiu estudar e quantificar as diferenças na tolerância letal entre as linhagens clonadas de ambas as populações e também avaliar os custos associados. Utilizando vinte linhagens clonais de D. longispina das duas populações verificou-se que apenas clones sensíveis ao cobre estavam presentes na população de referência e clones resistentes ao cobre estavam presentes na população do local contaminado. Os custos associados à tolerância foram ilustrados pela determinação de taxas alimentares mais baixas para a população tolerante quando comparadas com as da população de referência. Outro dos testes realizados permitiu comparar as respostas de clones de populações de ambos os locais – contaminado e referência – à exposição a concentrações sub-letais do metal cobre. A tolerância evidenciada anteriormente ao nível letal foi confirmada ao nível sub-letal, com o clone proveniente da população do local contaminado evidenciando uma maior tolerância ao cobre quando comparado com os restantes clones, para todos os parâmetros analisados (taxas alimentares, consumo de oxigénio, crescimento e reprodução). Os efeitos da aclimatação ao cobre ao longo de várias gerações foram também avaliados num clone de D. longispina. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de uma adaptação fisiológica ao cobre ao longo das várias gerações que, no entanto, apenas aumentou marginalmente a tolerância a níveis de cobre letais. Para além disso, observou-se também uma grande variação nas respostas do clone de D. longispina estudado, não só entre concentrações de cobre mas também entre gerações. Os resultados obtidos nos vários estudos realizados com linhagens clonais de ambas as populações de D. longispina reforçam a importância de integrar a temática do desenvolvimento de tolerância à poluição aquando da avaliação dos riscos ambientais e ecológicos de compostos químicos, como os metais, no meio ambiente.

Service building in dense service provider environments

Genericamente falando, os serviços sobre redes têm vindo a afastar-se de um modelo monolítico para um modelo de criação de serviços que permite ou - como é mais frequente - requer a cooperação entre vários Provedores de Serviço. A Internet, que tem vindo a forçar a convergência de serviços, mostra que começa a ser virtualmente impossível a um único operador fornecer qualquer serviço com um mínimo de interesse para os utilizadores. Esta tese foca-se em serviços de transporte (e.g., connectividade) e discute o impacto das fronteira que as ofertas de serviços têm com o negócio. A questão central é a seguinte: o que muda quando o mesmo serviço é oferecido não apenas por um mas por mais do que um Provedor de Serviço. Por um lado, esta tese cobre, em abs tracto, a noção de Provedor se Serviço, como evoluiu e em que sentido está a evoluir, particularmente num contexto de muitos Provedores de Serviço. Os primeiros capítulos desta tese analizam e propõem arquitecturas para cooperação inter-Provedor-de-Serviço e para serviços comuns tais como multimédia. Por outro lado, oferece-se soluções práticas, com as respectivas avaliações, para alguns problemas, que ainda hoje se mantêm em aberto, tais como encaminhamento inter-domínio, Qualidade-de-Serviço, Mobilidade e distribuição de conteúdos, tais como as contribuições relacionadas com o impacto da noção administrativa de Sistemas Autónomos sobre encaminhamento inter-domínio, uma arquitectura de transporte inter-domínio e o problema que levanta da ineficiência que decorre do planeamento não- cooperativo de Redes de Entrega de Conteúdos.

Navigation in dynamic environments taking advantage of moving agents

Esta tese propõe uma forma diferente de navegação de robôs em ambientes dinâmicos, onde o robô tira partido do movimento de pedestres, com o objetivo de melhorar as suas capacidades de navegação. A ideia principal é que, ao invés de tratar as pessoas como obstáculos dinâmicos que devem ser evitados, elas devem ser tratadas como agentes especiais com conhecimento avançado em navegação em ambientes dinâmicos. Para se beneficiar do movimento de pedestres, este trabalho propõe que um robô os selecione e siga, de modo que possa mover-se por caminhos ótimos, desviar-se de obstáculos não detetados, melhorar a navegação em ambientes densamente populados e aumentar a sua aceitação por outros humanos. Para atingir estes objetivos, novos métodos são desenvolvidos na área da seleção de líderes, onde duas técnicas são exploradas. A primeira usa métodos de previsão de movimento, enquanto a segunda usa técnicas de aprendizagem por máquina, para avaliar a qualidade de candidatos a líder, onde o treino é feito com exemplos reais. Os métodos de seleção de líder são integrados com algoritmos de planeamento de movimento e experiências são realizadas para validar as técnicas propostas.

Oil hydrocarbon-bacteria interactions in coastal environments

The ability of microorganisms to use oil hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy is crucial for environmental oil detoxification. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on fundamental aspects of this process on specific habitats and under different climate scenarios. In the first phase of this work, the culturable fraction of the oil hydrocarbon (OH) degrading bacteria from the sea surface microlayer (SML) of the estuarine system Ria de Aveiro was characterized. In the second phase, the impact of oil contamination on the active bacterial community was studied under climate change scenarios. Pseudomonas emerged as the prevailing genera among OH degrading bacteria in the SML. Moreover, culture-independent methods revealed that the relative abundance and diversity of Gammaproteobacteria, in which Pseudomonas is included, varies along an estuarine gradient of contamination. In order to access the impact of oil contamination on microbial communities under climate change scenarios, an experimental life support system for microcosm experiments (ELLS) was developed and validated for simulation of climate change effects on microbial communities. With the ELSS it is possible to simulate, in controlled conditions, fundamental parameters of the dynamics of coastal and estuarine systems while maintaining community structure in terms of the abundance of the most relevant members of the indigenous bacterial community. A microcosm experiment in which the independent and combined impact of ultraviolet radiation, ocean acidification and oil contamination on microbial communities was conducted. The impact on bacterial communities was accessed with a 16S RNA (cDNA) based barcode pyrosequencing approach. There was a drastic decrease of Desulfobacterales relative abundance after oil contamination under the reduced pH value estimated for 2100, when compared to present values. Since members of this order are known OH degraders, such a significant decrease may have consequences on OH detoxification of contaminated environments under the pH levels of the ocean expected for the future. Metagenome predictions based on the 16S RNA database indicated that several degradation pathways of OH could be affected under oil contamination and reduced water pH. Taken together, the results from this work bring new information on the dynamics of OH degrading bacteria in coastal and estuarine environments under present and future climate scenarios.

Transient transpiration radiometer : development of a heat flux sensor for high aggressivity environments

The development of a new instrument for the measurement of convective and radiative is proposed, based on the transient operation of a transpiration radiometer. Current transpiration radiometers rely on steady state temperature measurements in a porous element crossed by a know gas mass flow. As a consequence of the porous sensing element’s intrinsically high thermal inertia, the instrument’s time constant is in the order of several seconds. The proposed instrument preserves established advantages of transpiration radiometers while incorporating additional features that broaden its applicability range. The most important developments are a significant reduction of the instrument’s response time and the possibility of separating and measuring the convective and radiative components of the heat flux. These objectives are achieved through the analysis of the instrument’s transient response, a pulsed gas flow being used to induce the transient behavior.