Metabolism of plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein parameters are related to a higher degree of insulin sensitivity in high HDL-C healthy normal weight subjects

Abstract Background We have searched if plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration interferes simultaneously with whole-body cholesterol metabolism and insulin sensitivity in normal weight healthy adult subjects. Methods We have measured the activities of several plasma components that are critically influenced by insulin and that control lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with low and high HDL-C concentrations. These parameters included cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), pre-beta-1HDL, and plasma sterol markers of cholesterol synthesis and intestinal absorption. Results In the high-HDL-C group, we found lower plasma concentrations of triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, insulin, HOMA-IR index, activities of LCAT and HL compared with the low HDL-C group; additionally, we found higher activity of LPL and pre-beta-1HDL concentration in the high-HDL-C group. There were no differences in the plasma CETP and PLTP activities. Conclusions These findings indicate that in healthy hyperalphalipoproteinemia subjects, several parameters that control the metabolism of plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins are related to a higher degree of insulin sensitivity.

Obesidad canina: repercusiones clínicas y factores relacionados (presión arterial y parámetros metabólicos)

Programa de Doctorado en Clínica e Investigación Terapéutica

HDL Cholesterol Is Not Associated with Lower Mortality in Patients with Kidney Dysfunction

In the general population, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with reduced cardiovascular events. However, recent experimental data suggest that the vascular effects of HDL can be heterogeneous. We examined the association of HDL-C with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study comprising 3307 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Patients were followed for a median of 9.9 years. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR creatinine-cystatin C (eGFRcreat-cys) equation. The effect of increasing HDL-C serum levels was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. In participants with normal kidney function (eGFR>90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), higher HDL-C was associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and coronary artery disease severity (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.26-0.92 [P=0.03]; HR, 0.30, 95% CI, 0.13-0.73 [P=0.01]). Conversely, in patients with mild (eGFR=60-89 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) and more advanced reduced kidney function (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), higher HDL-C did not associate with lower risk for mortality (eGFR=60-89 ml/min per 1.73 m(2): HR, 0.68, 95% CI, 0.45-1.04 [P=0.07]; HR, 0.84, 95% CI, 0.50-1.40 [P=0.50]; eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2): HR, 1.18, 95% CI, 0.60-1.81 [P=0.88]; HR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.40-1.69 [P=0.60]). Moreover, Cox regression analyses revealed interaction between HDL-C and eGFR in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively). We confirmed a lack of association between higher HDL-C and lower mortality in an independent cohort of patients with definite CKD (P=0.63). In summary, higher HDL-C levels did not associate with reduced mortality risk and coronary artery disease severity in patients with reduced kidney function. Indeed, abnormal HDL function might confound the outcome of HDL-targeted therapies in these patients.

HDL Cholesterol, Apolipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk in Hemodialysis Patients.

High concentrations of HDL cholesterol are considered to indicate efficient reverse cholesterol transport and to protect from atherosclerosis. However, HDL has been suggested to be dysfunctional in ESRD. Hence, our main objective was to investigate the effect of HDL cholesterol on outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients with diabetes. Moreover, we investigated the associations between the major protein components of HDL (apoA1, apoA2, and apoC3) and end points. We performed an exploratory, post hoc analysis with 1255 participants (677 men and 578 women) of the German Diabetes Dialysis study. The mean age was 66.3 years and the mean body mass index was 28.0 kg/m(2). The primary end point was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The secondary end point included all-cause mortality. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.9 years. A total of 31.3% of the study participants reached the primary end point and 49.1% died from any cause. HDL cholesterol and apoA1 and apoC3 quartiles were not related to end points. However, there was a trend toward an inverse association between apoA2 and all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for death from any cause in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile of apoA2 was 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.89). The lack of an association between HDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk may support the concept of dysfunctional HDL in hemodialysis. The possible beneficial effect of apoA2 on survival requires confirmation in future studies.

Plasma LDL and HDL Characteristics and Carotenoid Content Are Positively Influenced by Egg Consumption in an Elderly Population

BACKGROUND : Approximately 1/3 of individuals have a high plasma response to dietary cholesterol (hyper-responders). Although increases in both LDL and HDL cholesterol have been observed, limited data exist regarding effects of egg consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and circulating carotenoids. METHODS : 29 postmenopausal women (50-68 y) and 13 men (60-80 y) were assigned to either 3 eggs (EGG, 640 mg cholesterol/d) or an equal volume of cholesterol-free egg substitute (SUB, 0 mg cholesterol/d) for 30 d. Following a 3 wk wash out, subjects crossed over to the alternate diet. Individuals with a response to dietary cholesterol > 2.2 mg/dL for each additional 100 mg of dietary cholesterol were classified as hyper-responders while hypo-responders were those with a response /= 21.2 nm) less atherogenic LDL particle (P < 0.001) and larger HDL particle (> 8.8 nm) (P < 0.01), with no significant difference in the total number of LDL or HDL particles. Regardless of response classification, all individuals had an increase in plasma lutein (from 32.4 +/- 15.2 to 46.4 +/- 23.3 ng/L) and zeaxanthin (from 8.8 +/- 4.8 to 10.7 +/- 5.8 ng/L) during EGG, yet hyper-responders displayed higher concentrations of carotenoids when compared to hypo-responders CONCLUSION : These findings suggest that the increases in LDL-C and HDL-C due to increased egg consumption in hyper-responders are not related to an increased number of LDL or HDL particles but, to an increase in the less atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions. Also, increases in plasma carotenoids after EGG may provide a valuable dietary source for this population.

The relationship between alcohol consumption and HDL cholesterol: A study of Hispanic drinking patterns

There has been very little research that has studied the effects of alcohol on biochemical markers in ethnic populations. This particular study is designed to identify the association, if any, between drinking patterns and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in a Hispanic population. Most of what we know about the association between alcohol and HDL-C deals specifically with volume of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. Frequency, or how often alcohol consumption occurs within a given time period, is a variable that has rarely been studied. The results of this study showed how both volume and frequency of alcohol consumption affect HDL-C levels in a predominantly middle-aged Hispanic population. Ultimately, we will be able to apply these findings to future studies concerning risk of CHD in Hispanics. ^

Efeito de 16 semanas de treinamento físico, sem controle alimentar, sobre o perfil lipídico e pressão arterial

Este estudo investiga a importância do exercício físico na prevençao de Doenças Crônicas Nao Transmissíveis. Seu objetivo é verificar o efeito de 16 semanas de exercícios físicos no perfil lipídico e pressao arterial. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 12 voluntários, com faixa etária de 40 a 60 anos, com média de colesterol total e LDL insignificantemente acima dos valores limítrofe e pré-hipertensos. Os indivíduos foram submetidos á avaliaçao médica; análise laboratorial; teste físico e 16 semanas de treinamento físico com frequência de três vezes por semana. Todos os procedimentos foram repedidos ao final. Houve reduçao significativa do Indice de Massa Corporal, Colesterol LDL, Pressao Arterial Diastólica e aumento da glicemia e do desempenho físico. Nao se modificaram o Colesterol Total, Colesterol HDL e Triglicerídeos. O programa de exercícios, mesmo sem o controle de dieta, foi suficiente para provocar as alteraçoes descritas do perfil lipídico, comprovando sua importância na prevençao de doenças cardíacas

Efeito de 16 semanas de treinamento físico, sem controle alimentar, sobre o perfil lipídico e pressão arterial

Este estudo investiga a importância do exercício físico na prevençao de Doenças Crônicas Nao Transmissíveis. Seu objetivo é verificar o efeito de 16 semanas de exercícios físicos no perfil lipídico e pressao arterial. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 12 voluntários, com faixa etária de 40 a 60 anos, com média de colesterol total e LDL insignificantemente acima dos valores limítrofe e pré-hipertensos. Os indivíduos foram submetidos á avaliaçao médica; análise laboratorial; teste físico e 16 semanas de treinamento físico com frequência de três vezes por semana. Todos os procedimentos foram repedidos ao final. Houve reduçao significativa do Indice de Massa Corporal, Colesterol LDL, Pressao Arterial Diastólica e aumento da glicemia e do desempenho físico. Nao se modificaram o Colesterol Total, Colesterol HDL e Triglicerídeos. O programa de exercícios, mesmo sem o controle de dieta, foi suficiente para provocar as alteraçoes descritas do perfil lipídico, comprovando sua importância na prevençao de doenças cardíacas

Efeito de 16 semanas de treinamento físico, sem controle alimentar, sobre o perfil lipídico e pressão arterial

Este estudo investiga a importância do exercício físico na prevençao de Doenças Crônicas Nao Transmissíveis. Seu objetivo é verificar o efeito de 16 semanas de exercícios físicos no perfil lipídico e pressao arterial. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 12 voluntários, com faixa etária de 40 a 60 anos, com média de colesterol total e LDL insignificantemente acima dos valores limítrofe e pré-hipertensos. Os indivíduos foram submetidos á avaliaçao médica; análise laboratorial; teste físico e 16 semanas de treinamento físico com frequência de três vezes por semana. Todos os procedimentos foram repedidos ao final. Houve reduçao significativa do Indice de Massa Corporal, Colesterol LDL, Pressao Arterial Diastólica e aumento da glicemia e do desempenho físico. Nao se modificaram o Colesterol Total, Colesterol HDL e Triglicerídeos. O programa de exercícios, mesmo sem o controle de dieta, foi suficiente para provocar as alteraçoes descritas do perfil lipídico, comprovando sua importância na prevençao de doenças cardíacas