Integrative aspects of the relationship between stress and heart rate variability

The literature indicates stress as a response of the organism to a stimulation that requires enormous efforts to adapt to the changes in the environment and the body. When an individual is subjected to stress, the autonomic nervous system is triggered, the sympathetic pathway is activated, and the parasympathetic system is suppressed, which exerts several effects on the cardiovascular system and affects heart rate variability. This research aimed to conduct a literature review to find and analyze the studies that address clearly the implications of stress on heart rate variability. The methodology employed was an active search in the databases SciELO, PubMed and Lilacs. The results were five articles, most of which suggest a relationship between stress and heart rate variability. We observed that the majority of the studies indicated a strong association between stress and cardiac autonomic activity. The stress is present in the daily activities of the population, especially in labor. The subject is vast, however, were observed in the references the effects of stress on the body making it vulnerable to diseases. Thus, this information may contribute to the aid of preventive strategies against stress and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Variabilidade da frequencia cardíaca em fase crônica de lesão cerebrovascular

The stroke, cause of morbidity and mortality, has been associated with imbalance in the neural control of the heart, which contributes to the decrease in heart rate variability (HRV) and a prognostic factor for cardiacevents and arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to in investigate the autonomic modulation of heart rate of men suffering from lesions stroke in chronicphase. Eight menaged 58.62 ± 2.88 years, 27.41 ± 5.33 kg/m2of bodymass índex, with paresis for at least six months were studied. Heart rate (HR) and RR intervals (iR-R) were recorded at rest in supine position for 10 minutes. Geometric índices of the Poincaré plot were calculated: SD1, associatedwith vagal activity; SD2, associated with global activity but sympathetic predominance, and the relationship of both (SD1/SD2). Geometric index values in the sample: SD1 = 20,54 ± 9,90ms; SD2 = 36,80 ± 30,61ms; SD1/SD2 = 0,49 ± 0,04. The reference values from literature for healthy subjects are: SD1 = 19.6 ± 9.4ms e 22.8 ± 16.1 ms; SD2 = 43.2 ± 17.7 ms e 56.3 ± 12.3 ms; SD1/SD2 = 0.49 ± 0.21ms. Men in chronic phase of stroke haven't autonomic dysfunction analyzed by nonlinear method – Poincaré geometricíndices.

Efeitos da Ventilação Mecânica não Invasiva sobre a Modulação Autonômica Cardíaca

This review is intended to gather together recent studies that explore the effects of different types of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on the autonomic nervous system, assessed through heart rate variability (HRV). A search for papers was conducted in the PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs databases with the following descriptors: noninvasive ventilation, CPAP ventilation, intermittent positive pressure breathing and autonomic nervous system, for the period between 2008 and 2012. After eliminating papers not addressing the topic, we selected six studies, of which five applied NIV in CPAP mode and one used biphasic positive airway pressure. In general, the findings suggest that NIV promotes changes in autonomic modulation that are dependent on the conditions of the subjects analyzed and the time when these rates are assessed, meaning acute or long-term effects.

Vocal complaint in physical education teachers and its association with the cardiovascular system

Background: We examined the vocal complaints and evaluated the correlation between the vocal handicap index (VHI) and heart rate variability (HRV) in physical education teachers. We evaluated 46 teachers. Method: The subjects were investigated regarding voice complaint and the VHI was applied. HRV was recorded at seated rest for ten minutes and it was analyzed in the time, frequency domains, geometric indices and fractal exponents. The three domains of the VHI were correlated with the indices of HRV. Results: The physical education teachers presented a VHI score much below the standard of the physiological normality. There was correlation of the organic domain of the VHI with the NN50 and pNN50 and correlation of the functional domain and organic domain of the VHI with the HF index of HRV. Conclusion: The physical education teachers evaluated reported vocal complaints that affected their function and it is suggested to be related with the cardiac autonomic regulation.

Spirituality/religiosity and cardiovascular system

Introduction: Spirituality/religiosity is associated to well-being. In this article, we describe the association between spirituality/religiosity and cardiovascular system. Materials and methods: We performed searches using Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using crossing between the keywords “spirituality,” “cardiovascular system,” “parasympathetic nervous system,” and “sympathetic nervous system.”Results: The electronic search yielded 65 references by crossing the terms “spirituality” and “cardiovascular system.” Among these, the first round of elimination resulted in exclusion of 55 titles and abstracts that were not clearly related to the subject of the review. The titles of the remaining 10 abstracts were submitted to a final evaluation that accounted for the inclusion criteria. An investigation into the reference lists confirmed the absence of relevant documents. Summaries of the analysed studies were selected. Discussion: Among 10 studies selected, 8 of them indicated that spirituality/religiosity is very important for the cardiovascular system, whereas only 2 found no significant association between the two variables in women. Conclusion: We suggest that spirituality/religiosity is an alternative and non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular disorders.

Musical auditory stimulation at different intensities and its effects on the geometric indices of heart-rate variability

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that relaxation music increases the heart's parasympathetic modulation as well as reducing its sympathetic activity. However, what is lacking in the literature is information on the acute effects of different intensities of music on cardiac autonomic regulation. We aimed to evaluate the acute effects of baroque and heavy-metal music on cardiac autonomic regulation at different intensities. Method The study was performed in 16 healthy men aged between 18 and 25 years. The main outcomes were the geometric indices of heart-rate variability (HRV) [i.e. triangular index (RRtri); triangular interpolation of RR intervals (TINN) and Poincaré plot: SD1, SD2 and SD1/SD2 ratio]. First, HRV was recorded at rest for 10 min. The volunteers were then exposed to baroque or heavy-metal music for 5 min through an earphone; subjects were exposed to each song at three different sound levels (60–70, 70–80 and 80–90 decibels). After the first song, subjects remained at rest for 5 min before being exposed to the next song. The sequence of songs and sound intensity were randomised for each individual. Results Musical auditory stimulation with baroque music did not influence the geometric indices of HRV. The same was observed with heavy-metal musical auditory stimulation at the three sound-level ranges. Conclusion Musical auditory stimulation at different sound intensities did not influence the geometric indices of HRV in men.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart rate variability: a literature update

Background: The literature indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects cardiac autonomic control. In this study, we conducted a literature review in order to investigate the heart rate variability (HRV) in COPD subjects. Methods: A search was performed in Medline database, using the link between the keywords: “autonomic nervous system”, “cardiovascular system”, “COPD” and “heart rate variability”. Results: The search resulted in a total of 40 references. Amongst these references, the first exclusion resulted in the barring of 29 titles and abstracts, which were not clearly related to the purpose of review. This resulted in a total of 11 articles that were then read and utilized in the review. The selected studies indicated that there is significant reduction of HRV in patients with COPD, characterized by reduction of indices that assess parasympathetic activity in addition to dealing with the global autonomic modulation. We also established that supervised exercise can reduce these harmful effects in COPD patients. Also, it was reported that the use of non-invasive ventilation in these patients may contribute to the improvement of respiratory symptoms, with no impairing, and may even induce positive responses in cardiac autonomic regulation. Conclusion: The studies indicate a need for further investigations to guide future therapies to improve the treatment of cardiovascular system in the respiratory diseases.

Changes in heart period during endodontic treatment

Background: Tooh extraction was demonstrated to increase sympathetic modulation of the heart, however, it is not understood the effects of endodontic treatment on cardiac autonomic regulation. We evaluated heart rate variability (HRV) during endodontic treatment. Method: 50 male and female patients aged between 18 and 40 years old and diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis of the lower molars with indication of gender endodontic treatment were analyzed. HRV was analyzed in the time (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency (LF, HF and LF/HF ratio) domains recorded in the first session of root canal treatment. The indices were analyzed in the following periods: T1) ten minutes before the endodontic treatment, T2) ten minutes after the administration of anesthesia before endodontic treatment, T3) during the entire period of endodontic treatment and T4) thirty minutes after the end of the endodontic treatment. Results: The SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50 indices increased at T2 compared to T1, the pNN50 and RMSSD indices increased at T3 and T4 compared to T2. The LF in normalized units increased at T4 compared to T2 and in absolute units it was increased at T4 compared to T1. The HF in normalized units was reduced at T4 compared to T2 and in absolute units was reduced at T1, T3 and T4 compared to T2. The LF/HF ratio was higher at T4 compared to T2. Conclusion: The global modulation of heart increases after local anesthesia and vagal tone reduce during surgery procedures and after the surgical procedures.

Cardiovascular Responses Induced by Catalase Inhibitior into the Fourth Cerebral Ventricle is Changed in Wistar Rats Exposed to Sidestream Cigarette Smoke

Objectives: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of central catalase inhibition on cardiovascular responses in rats exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) for 3 weeks. Methodology: A total of 20 males Wistar rats (320–370g) were implanted with a stainless steel guide cannula into the fourth cerebral ventricle (4thV). Femoral artery and vein were cannulated for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) measurement and drug infusion, respectively. Rats were exposed to SSCS for three weeks, 180 minutes per day, 5 days/week [carbon monoxide (CO): 100–300 ppm)]. Baroreflex was tested with one pressor dose of phenylephrine (PHE, 8 μg/kg, bolus) and one depressor dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 50 μg/kg, bolus). Cardiovascular responses were evaluated before and 15 minutes after 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (ATZ, catalase inhibitor, 0.001g/100μL) injection into the 4th V. Results: Vehicle treatment into the 4th V did not change cardiovascular responses. Central catalase inhibition increased tachycardic peak, attenuated bradycardic peak and reduced HR range at 15 minutes, increased MAP at 5, 15 and 30 min and increased HR at 5 and 15 min. In rats exposed to SSCS, central ATZ increased basal MAP after 5 min and increased HR at 5, 15 and 30 minutes, respectively, and attenuated bradycardic peak at 15 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that brain oxidative stress caused by SSCS influences autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system.

An exploration of heart rate response to differing music rhythm and tempos

The aim of this study was to investigate acute cardiac response and heart rate variability (HRV) when listening to differing forms of music. Eleven healthy men aged between 18 and 25 years old were included in the study. HRV was recorded at rest for ten minutes with no music, then were asked to listen to classical baroque or heavy metal music for a period of 20 min. It was noted that heart rate variability did not affect HRV indices for time and frequency. In conclusion, music with different tempos does not influence cardiac autonomic regulation in men. However more studies are suggested to explore this topic in greater detail.

Transformando Terra em Território: construção e dinâmica do sistema local territorial agroecológico em Francisco Beltrão, Paraná

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Variabilidade da frequência cardíaca como recurso em fisioterapia: análise de periódicos nacionais

INTRODUCTION: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) could be investigated in a noninvasive way by the heart rate variability analysis (HRV) which has contributed to several health areas such as physiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To gather information regarding the use of HRV on physiotherapy aims at providing an update of the findings for the area on journals of national circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The journals of national circulation classified as greater than B2 or B2 and with free access and complete texts in some internet sites were searched on 21 area WebQualis resulting on selection of Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, Fisioterapia e Pesquisa and Fisioterapia em Movimento using the keywords: autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, physiotherapy and heart rate variability. RESULTS: The search resulted in 19 articles being 17 clinical trials and two case reports. CONCLUSION: The HRV has been used as a resource of interventions evaluation, as pathological conditions common to clinical practice investigation and to physiological conditions interpretation in physiotherapy. The HRV is principally used to the cardiorespiratory specialty of physiotherapy.

Influência do exercício resistido aplicado de forma aguda sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em jovens ativos saudáveis: análise por meio de índices geométricos

Introduction: The triangular index and the Poincaré plot (or Lorenz plot) are the best known indexes obtained from geometric methods. The triangular index (TINN, RRtri) represent the global variability of the subject and SD1, which reflects the parasympathetic component, SD2, index of global variability and its relationship (SD1/SD2) are obtained from the Poincaré plot. Despite the literature showing changes in the cardiovascular system during and after the resistance exercise (RE), aspects related to autonomic modulation of heart against these conditions have not been explored yet, so it is important to evaluate this behavior. Objectives: Analyze the acute effects of RE on the cardiac autonomic modulation during recovery (REC) through analysis of geometric indices of heart rate variability (HRV), applied with different intensities and muscle groups in healthy and active young. Methods: Were evaluated 24 young, 22.25 ± 2.4 years and 24.47 ± 3.08 kg/m2, underwent an experimental protocol of five stages, in the first stage was conducted a test of one maximum repetition (1RM) in upper limbs (UL) and lower limb (LL), and the following steps were initiated interventions to 40 (E) and 80% (F) of 1RM. Considered for HRV analysis the periods: baseline and immediately after exercise, both in supine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Interação entre estradiol e receptores 5 - H T 1A no Núcleo Mediano da Rafe em ratas ovariectomizadas: na aquisição da informação aversiva e associação ao contexto

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Dose-resposta da imersão em água fria na recuperação do sistema nervoso autônomo pós-exercício

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)