1000 resultados para GD-3
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Relatrio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessrios obteno do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Educao Musical no Ensino Bsico.
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The objective of this study was to compare the histopathological changes and expression of CR3 and CR4 in the liver and spleen of dogs naturally and experimentally infected with L. chagasi. The basic histopathological lesions observed mainly in naturally infected dogs were: epithelioid hepatic granulomas, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of Kupffer cells, Malpigui follicles and mononucleated cells of the red pulp of the spleen. Sections from the liver and spleen by immunocytochemistry technique showed the presence of CD11b,c\CD 18 antigens in the control and infected animals and no qualitative or quantitative differences in the liver. Nevertheless, CD18 was always increased in the spleen of naturally and experimentally infected dogs. These results indicate that there is a difference in the activaton of CD 18 in both experimental and natural cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis that should play an important role in the immunological response to Leishmania chagasi infection.
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Dissertao apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessrios obteno do grau de Mestre em Cincias da Educao
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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most prevalent microsporidian parasite that causes gastrointestinal infection in persons with AIDS. Microsporidia are increasingly recognized as important opportunistic pathogens all over the world but in Brazil only few cases have been reported due either to the non awareness of the clinical presentation of the disease or to difficulties in the laboratory diagnosis. We report a 3-year follow-up of a Brazilian HIV-positive patient in whom microsporidial spores were detected in stools and were identified as E. bieneusi using electron microscopy and PCR. The patient presented with chronic diarrhea, CD4 T-lymphocytes count below 100/mm3 and microsporidial spores were consistently detected in stools. Albendazole was given to the patient in several occasions with transient relief of the diarrhea, which reappeared as soon as the drug was discontinued. Nevertheless, a diarrhea-free period with weight gain up to 18 Kg occurred when a combination of nucleoside and protease inhibitors was initiated as part of the antiviral treatment.
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Dissertao para obteno do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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RESUMO - Contexto: A osteoporose uma doena sistmica associada diminuio da resistncia ssea que condiciona o aparecimento de fracturas por traumatismos de baixa energia as quais reduzem em muitos casos a esperana e a qualidade de vida, implicando um elevado nmero de horas de dedicao dos cuidadores e conduzindo, em muitos casos, necessidade de institucionalizao dos doentes. Em Portugal, ocorrem cerca de 40.000 fracturas anualmente, das quais 8.500 do fmur proximal, que se estima consumirem mais de 50 milhes de euros s em cuidados hospitalares1. Objectivo: Avaliar o impacto econmico da institucionalizao na Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados e Lares da 3 idade por fractura de etiologia osteoportica em mulheres no ano 2009, em Portugal. Mtodos: O estudo comea por analisar sucintamente os aspectos clnicos, sociais e epidemiolgicos da osteoporose, focando a perda de autonomia e qualidade de vida dos doentes vtimas deste episdio e a subsequente necessidade de institucionalizao. Descrevem-se os custos associados institucionalizao na RNCCI, em Portugal, ano 2009, utilizando como fonte principal a base de dados da instituio Gestcare CCI, complementada com dados da literatura. Apuram-se os custos totais associados ao encaminhamento dos doentes para Lares de 3 Idade em Portugal no ano 2009, utilizando-se informao proveniente de um painel de Delphi modificado e dados da literatura. A valorizao dos recursos tem por base os preos em vigor no territrio nacional, expressos nos decretos-lei devidamente referenciados. Resultados: No ano 2009 em Portugal foram empregues cerca de 2,5 milhes de euros no internamento das mulheres na RNCCI, na perspectiva da sociedade, sendo cerca de 2,2 milhes atribuveis osteoporose (90%). Cerca de 91% dos custos totais so alocados fractura osteoportica da anca (2 milhes ). Para a fractura vertebral, mero e punho os custos foram mais baixos - 7,1%, 1,3% e 1% dos custos totais da osteoporose, respectivamente. Nos Lares de 3 idade, estimou-se a admisso de aproximadamente 14.372 doentes com fractura osteoportica em diferentes localizaes, em 2009, Portugal, com um custo que oscilou entre os 19 e os 21,6 milhes de euros. A fractura osteoportica da anca foi a mais incidente e a que representou custos mais elevados para a Segurana Social entre 17,5 e 19,7 milhes de euros. Considerando como referncia os 52 milhes de euros gastos em 2006 no tratamento hospitalar da fractura da anca (DGS, 2006), o encaminhamento das mulheres para a RNCCI e Lares da 3 Idade corresponde a 42% do bolo total. Assim, os resultados nacionais enquadram-se no que se encontra descrito na literatura internacional - os custos atribuveis hospitalizao oscilaram entre 17%50 e 63%29 da despesa total da doena e das institucionalizaes entre os 16%58 e os 59%51. Concluses: Em Portugal o impacto econmico da institucionalizao por fractura osteoportica, sobretudo por fractura da anca, no desprezvel e mostra que existiriam poupanas significativas se fosse possvel reduzir a prevalncia da doena em Portugal. Face s alteraes demogrficas associadas ao envelhecimento da populao, expectvel que a incidncia e custos com o tratamento das fracturas do colo do fmur, mais associadas osteoporose, venham a subir nos prximos anos, pelo que o combate doena deve ser considerada uma prioridade nacional. A deciso pela opo por determinados programas de preveno da doena ou da comparticipao ou no de determinada teraputica necessita contudo de ser complementada com a medio da dimenso dos benefcios teraputicos. --- ABSTRACT - Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease associated with the loss off the bone strength and it is one of the major causes of low energy fractures, which in many cases reduce life hope and quality. This happens because it has associated extensive treatments and it usually carries loss of independence, implying many hours of caregivers dedication and leading, in many cases, to the institutionalization of the patients. In Portugal, about 40,000 fractures occur annually, which 8,500 are proximal femur, and that are estimated to consume over 50 million euros only in hospital care. Objective: Evaluate the economic impact of institutionalization on the Integrated Continued Care National Network (RNCCI) and Care Homes associated to osteoporotic fractures in women, in the year 2009 in Portugal. Methods: The study begins by reviewing briefly the clinical, social, and epidemiological studies of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, focusing on the patient autonomy loss and life quality. The total and average costs per episode associated with the institutionalization in RNCCI are described, in Portugal, year 2009, using as main data source the application "Gestcare CCI", complemented with literature data. The total costs associated with the patients referral for the Care Homes in Portugal in 2009 is also calculated, using information from a modified Delphi panel and some literature data. The resources valuation is based on prices prevailing in Portugal. Results: In 2009, women relocation in RNCCI consumed approximately 2.5 million euros, which 2.2 million are attributable to osteoporosis (90%). About 91% of the total costs are allocated to osteoporotic hip fracture ( 2 million). For vertebral, humerus, and wrist fracture, the associated costs were lower, 7.1%, 1.3%, and 1% of total costs of osteoporosis treatment, respectively. In Care Homes, an intake of approximately 14 372 patients with osteoporotic fracture was estimated, at a cost that is between 19 and 21.6 million euros. The osteoporotic hip fracture was the most frequent and represented higher costs for Social Security - between 17.5 and 19.7 million euros. Taking as reference the 52 million spent in 2006 with hospital treatment of hip fracture (DGS, 2006), referring women to RNCCI and Care Homes represents 42% of the total costs. The results are in accordance with the international literature - costs attributable to hospitalization ranged between 17% and 63% of total expenditure of illness and institutionalization between 16% and 59%. Conclusions: In Portugal, the economic impact of institutionalization for osteoporotic fracture, particularly for hip fracture, is not negligible. It was shown that there would be significant savings if it were possible to reduce the prevalence of the disease in Portugal. Femoral fractures were the second most frequent diagnosis in RNCCI in 2008 and 2009 (16% of all episodes recorded). The execution of RNCCI in 2008 was 75 million euros, and 2.7% consumed by hip fracture and 0.3% by wrist, humerus, and spine fractures. The average cost per episode in 2009, from the perspective of society, for hip fracture, vertebral, humerus, and wrist (or non-osteoporotic) was 5,195, 5,160, 5,030, and 4,854 respectively. Thus, considering an average cost per episode in RNCCI from January to March of 3230, the expense related to the treatment of these patients in RNCCI in 2009 was higher. For the Care Homes, an intake of approximately 14 372 patients with osteoporotic fracture in 2009 was estimated, at a cost to Social Security that ranged from 19 to 21.6 million . The osteoporotic hip fracture was the most frequent and it was shown to absorve higher resources from Social Security - between 17.5 and 19.7 million . This was followed by the analysis of vertebral and humerus fracture and the results showed that these fractures have a low incidence and low proportion of institutionalization, with a significantly lower cost - only about 4.7% and 3.3% of total expenditure, respectively. With demographic changes associated to ageing, it is expected that the incidence and treatment cost of the femoral neck fractures, more commonly associated with osteoporosis, will climb in coming years, so the fight against the disease should be considered a national priority. The decision to choose a certain disease prevention program or to reimburse a certain drug not should only account about the costs, but also the benefits of it. In fact, the size and impact of this problem, makes it necessary to focus all interventions in the prevention of these episodes either by using an appropriate therapy, either through real programs for disease prevention. Once the problem is installed, we must measure the health gains associated with the patient institutionalization by conducting additional research.
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The authors report the isolation of dengue 3 virus for the first time in Brazil. The patient, resident in Limeira-SP, traveled to Nicaragua on May 16th, 1998, where he stayed for two months. Starting on August 14th he had fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain and diarrhea. He returned to Brazil on August 16th and was hospitalized in the next day. The patient had full recovery and was discharged on August 20th. The virus was isolated in C6/36 cell culture inoculated with serum collected on the 6th day after the onset of the symptoms. The serotype 3 was identified by indirect immunofluorescence assays performed with type-specific monoclonal antibodies. This serotype was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The introduction of a new dengue serotype in a susceptible population is a real threat for the occurrence of severe forms of the disease. The isolation and identification of dengue virus are important in order to monitoring the serotypes circulating in Brazil and to take the measures necessary to prevent and control an epidemic.
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Ao longo das ltimas dcadas Portugal tem assistido a um abrandamento na construo civil e, naturalmente, na construo de edificado novo. Porm, subsiste a necessidade de requalificar os edifcios j existentes que sero, indubitavelmente, o grande nicho de negcio nas dcadas vindouras. Paralelamente, a legislao e as especificaes e prescries tcnicas das diversas instalaes especficas, designadamente as Infraestruturas de Telecomunicaes em Edifcios (ITED), devem convergir para a harmonizao com as Normas Europeias e adaptadas realidade econmica do pas. Assim, com naturalidade que se prev uma nova edio do Manual ITED (a 3 Edio) para o prximo ano de 2015 que vise fundamentalmente, a atualizao das especificaes e prescries tcnicas realidade tecnolgica atual (e futura), normalizao europeia e uma convergncia com a real situao econmica portuguesa. O presente artigo propem, de uma forma sucinta, evidenciar as principais alteraes decorrentes da proposta do novo enquadramento das Infraestruturas de Telecomunicaes em Edifcio (ITED) a ser criada pela 3Edio do respetivo Manual.
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A seco 3 da 3 edio do Manual ITED estabelece que as redes de cabos (ou simplesmente cablagem) caracterizam-se como o elemento das ITED que permite o transporte e distribuio dos sinais de telecomunicaes nos edifcios nas trs tecnologias de cabos definidas para o transporte fsico da informao: cabos de par de cobre, cabo coaxial e fibra tica. No que respeita tecnologia de par de cobre os seus requisitos e caratersticas mnimas esto tambm endereadas nessa terceira seo.
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Dissertao para obteno do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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O Estgio Pedaggico (EP) um dos momentos com mais significado para a formao inicial dos professores. O objetivo deste relatrio foi descrever e refletir as estratgias pedaggicas utilizadas nas quatro reas de interveno das linhas programticas do EP: a prtica letiva, as atividades de integrao no meio, as atividades de interveno na comunidade escolar e as atividades de natureza cientfico-pedaggica. O nosso EP foi realizado na Escola Bsica dos 2 e 3 Ciclos Dr. Eduardo Brazo de Castro durante o ano letivo de 2014/2015. O ncleo de estgio foi constitudo por duas estagirias. A prtica letiva foi realizada em duas turmas da escola, uma do 9 ano do ensino regular e uma do 12 ano do ensino profissional (turma partilhada). Inclui-se ainda neste ponto a conceptualizao de um instrumento de observao e a assistncia a aulas. As atividades de integrao no meio foram compostas pelas atividades de apoio direo de turma: (1) caraterizao da turma, e (2) estudo caso. Um conhecimento aprofundado da turma permite aos professores delinear de uma forma mais adequadas as atividades pedaggicas ao longo do ano letivo. Estas atividades culminaram com a ao de extenso curricular, onde se promoveu a aproximao entre a escola e os encarregados de educao. Relativamente atividade de interveno na comunidade escolar, dirigida para toda a comunidade educativa, teve como objetivo a promoo de atividade fsica na escola. Finalmente, as atividades de natureza cientfico-pedaggica tiveram como propsito refletir sobre o papel e a importncia do Professor de Educao Fsica na promoo da atividade fsica utilizando o exemplo do Voleibol e do Atletismo (ao coletiva), e consciencializar os professores sobre as potencialidades e contributos do Voleibol num plano formativo/educativo, facultando ferramentas metodolgicas (ao individual). O Estgio Pedaggico veio contribuir para a aquisio de uma nova viso sobre a prtica profissional docente em Educao Fsica e um desenvolvimento da capacidade autocrtica sobre a prtica profissional.
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Dissertao para obteno do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Fsica
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This work presents the development of a low cost sensor device for the diagnosis of breast cancer in point-of-care, made with new synthetic biomimetic materials inside plasticized poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, membranes, for subsequent potentiometric detection. This concept was applied to target a conventional biomarker in breast cancer: Breast Cancer Antigen (CA15-3). The new biomimetic material was obtained by molecularly-imprinted technology. In this, a plastic antibody was obtained by polymerizing around the biomarker that acted as an obstacle to the growth of the polymeric matrix. The imprinted polymer was specifically synthetized by electropolymerization on an FTO conductive glass, by using cyclic voltammetry, including 40 cycles within -0.2 and 1.0 V. The reaction used for the polymerization included monomer (pyrrol, 5.010-3 mol/L) and protein (CA15-3, 100U/mL), all prepared in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), with a pH of 7.2 and 1% of ethylene glycol. The biomarker was removed from the imprinted sites by proteolytic action of proteinase K. The biomimetic material was employed in the construction of potentiometric sensors and tested with regard to its affinity and selectivity for binding CA15-3, by checking the analytical performance of the obtained electrodes. For this purpose, the biomimetic material was dispersed in plasticized PVC membranes, including or not a lipophilic ionic additive, and applied on a solid conductive support of graphite. The analytical behaviour was evaluated in buffer and in synthetic serum, with regard to linear range, limit of detection, repeatability, and reproducibility. This antibody-like material was tested in synthetic serum, and good results were obtained. The best devices were able to detect 5 times less CA15-3 than that required in clinical use. Selectivity assays were also performed, showing that the various serum components did not interfere with this biomarker. Overall, the potentiometric-based methods showed several advantages compared to other methods reported in the literature. The analytical process was simple, providing fast responses for a reduced amount of analyte, with low cost and feasible miniaturization. It also allowed the detection of a wide range of concentrations, diminishing the required efforts in previous sample pre-treating stages.
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Demo in Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3 2015). 13 to 14, May, 2015. Castelldefels, Spain.
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Demo in Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3 2015). 13 to 14, May, 2015. Castelldefels, Spain.
