From coffee industry waste materials to skin-friendly products with improved skin fat levels

Spent coffee grounds (SCG), which are the residue obtained from the treatment of coffee with hot water or steam, can be used for industrial applications, due to the high content in lipids. The cosmetic products might be a suitable application for these types of residues because the barrier properties of the stratum corneum (SC) are largely dependent on the intactness of the lipid lamellae that surrounds the corneocytes. The purpose of this work was to assess the feasibility of using the lipid fraction of SCG extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide in the development of new cosmetic formulations with improved skin lipids (sebum) and hydration. The use of spent coffee lipid extract in cosmetic industry seems to be a suitable approach to recycle the wastes from coffee industry. Emulsion containing 10% of the lipid fraction of SCG (SpentCofOil cream) presented promising characteristics in the improvement of sebum skin levels with a good acceptance by consumers when compared to an emulsion containing 10% w/w of green coffee oil (GreenCofOil cream) and a placebo without coffee oil (NoCofOil cream). Practical applications: In this work, the authors develop and characterize a cream containing 10% of the lipid fraction of SCG extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide with improved skin lipids (sebum) and hydration. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Orthodox adjustment programmes in Latin America: a critical look at the policies of the International Monetary Fund

Includes bibliography

Informe de la Reunión Técnica de Expertos Gubernamentales Hacia un Desarrollo Ambientalmente Sustentable" = Report of the Technical Meeting of Government Experts: "Towards an Environmentally Sustainable Development""

Incluye Bibliografía

Formal quality assurance systems as a basis for environmentally-sound management practices in the public and private sectors

Includes bibliography

Fondo especial de las Naciones Unidas plan de operaciones tercer texto propuesto: proyecto regional: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Gutemela, Hoduras, Nicaragua y Panamá = United Nations Special Fund plan of operation third draft: regional: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panamá

Designación del proyecto: ampliación y mejoramiento de los servicios hidrometeorologicos en el Istmo Centroamericano

Comentarios al Capítulo 21 de la Agenda 21 Asuntos relativos al manejo ambientalmente adecuado de los residuos sólidos y de las aguas servidas" = Comments to Chapter 21 of Agenda 21 "Environmentally sound management of solid wastes and sewage-related issues""

Incluye Bibliografía

Fondo de integración regional del Area de Libre Comercio de las Américas = A regional integration fund of the Free Trade Area of the Americas

Incluye Bibliografía