Navigating Grounded Theory:A critical and reflective response to the challenges of using grounded theory in an education PhD

This paper offers a critical reflection upon the use of a grounded theory approach within a doctoral study. As well as providing an outline of grounded theory, it begins by noting the existence of some powerful critiques of a grounded theory approach, in particular around the key concepts of ‘theory’, ‘discovery’ and ‘ground’. It is argued that, in some cases, grounded theory struggles to counter these challenges, especially in its ‘purist’ forms. However, with reference to research carried out as part of a PhD study of sharing education in Northern Ireland which employed a grounded theory approach, a case is made for an open and critical grounded theory based upon three principles: pragmatism; research as practice; and reflexivity. It is concluded that a reasonable case can be made for grounded theory where: grounded theory researchers maintain a balance between belonging to and critique of the grounded theory community; where there is an emphasis upon theorizing rather than the discovery of theory; and where the strengths of grounded theory as 'practice' and 'craft' are maximised.

Developing employability within a university engineering curriculum

This article provides case studies for incorporating employability in a higher education setting. A professional studies module for a small class (30 students) of third-year aerospace engineers gave insight into industrial challenges while promoting career development. It was delivered mainly by industrial speakers and involved practical tasks and workshops. A more sustainable employability curriculum now supports students in all four years of the School’s three degree programmes, offering a structured development of skills and sector understanding. A notable increase in students obtaining sandwich year placements has been observed.

Are Computer Scientists Geeks? Gender Differences In Attitudes And Experiences Related To Computing Among Secondary Education Students In Northern Ireland.

The worldwide scarcity of women studying or employed in ICT, or in computing related disciplines, continues to be a topic of concern for industry, the education sector and governments. Within Europe while females make up 46% of the workforce only 17% of IT staff are female. A similar gender divide trend is repeated worldwide, with top technology employers in Silicon Valley, including Facebook, Google, Twitter and Apple reporting that only 30% of the workforce is female (Larson 2014). Previous research into this gender divide suggests that young women in Secondary Education display a more negative attitude towards computing than their male counterparts. It would appear that the negative female perception of computing has led to representatively low numbers of women studying ICT at a tertiary level and consequently an under representation of females within the ICT industry. The aim of this study is to 1) establish a baseline understanding of the attitudes and perceptions of Secondary Education pupils in regard to computing and 2) statistically establish if young females in Secondary Education really do have a more negative attitude towards computing.

The Right to Appropriate and meaningful Education for Children with ASD

This paper will explore from a ‘child’s rights perspective’ the ‘right’ of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) to appropriate and meaningful education.Human ‘rights’ principles within international law will be evaluated in relation to how they have been interpreted and applied in relation to achieving this ‘right’. The International Convention of the Rights of the Child (United Nations in Convention on the rights of the child, office of the high commissioner, United Nations, Geneva, 1989) and the convention on the rights of the person with disability (United Nations in Convention on the rights of person’s with disabilities and optional protocol, office of the high commissioner, United Nations, Geneva, 2006) amongst others will be utilised to argue the case for ‘inclusive’educational opportunities to be a ‘right’ of every child on the autistic spectrum. The efficacy of mainstream inclusion is explored, identifying the position that a ‘one size fits all’model of education is not appropriate for all children with ASD.

Irish language education and the national ideal: The dynamics of nationalism in Northern Ireland

Since the beginning of the Northern Ireland conflict in the late 1960s, Irish nationalism has been identified as a prominent force in the political culture of the state. Recent studies have suggested, however, that the ‘Nationalist’ population has become increasingly content within the new political framework created by the peace process and the aspiration for Irish unity diminished. In placing the Northern Ireland situation within the theoretical framework of nationalism, this paper will analyse how these changing priorities have been possible. Through an analysis of Irish language study in Northern Ireland's schools, the paper will examine how the political ideals espoused by the nationalist Sinn Féin Party reflected the priorities of the ‘nationalist community’. It will be contended that the relationship between the ideology and ‘the people’ is much more complex than is often allowed for and that educational inequalities are a significant contributing factor to this.

Incorporation of spiritual care as a component of healthcare and medical education: comparison of viewpoints of healthcare providers from a rural community hospital in Uganda with those of medical students from United Kingdrom

This study addresses cultural differences regarding views on the place for spirituality within healthcare training and delivery. A questionnaire was devised using a 5-point ordinal scale, with additional free text comments assessed by thematic analysis, to compare the views of Ugandan healthcare staff and students with those of (1) visiting international colleagues at the same hospital; (2) medical faculty and students in United Kingdom. Ugandan healthcare personnel were more favourably disposed towards addressing spiritual issues, their incorporation within compulsory healthcare training, and were more willing to contribute themselves to delivery than their European counterparts. Those from a nursing background also attached a greater importance to spiritual health and provision of spiritual care than their medical colleagues. Although those from a medical background recognised that a patient’s religiosity and spirituality can affect their response to their diagnosis and prognosis, they were more reticent to become directly involved in provision of such care, preferring to delegate this to others with greater expertise. Thus, differences in background, culture and healthcare organisation are important, and indicate that the wide range of views expressed in the current literature, the majority of which has originated in North America, are not necessarily transferable between locations; assessment of these issues locally may be the best way to plan such training and incorporation of spiritual care into clinical practice.

Building professionalism and employability skills: embedding employer engagement within first-year computing modules

This paper outlines a means of improving the employability skills of first-year university students through a closely integrated model of employer engagement within computer science modules. The outlined approach illustrates how employability skills, including communication, teamwork and time management skills, can be contextualised in a manner that directly relates to student learning but can still be linked forward into employment. The paper tests the premise that developing employability skills early within the curriculum will result in improved student engagement and learning within later modules. The paper concludes that embedding employer participation within first-year models can help relate a distant notion of employability into something of more immediate relevance in terms of how students can best approach learning. Further, by enhancing employability skills early within the curriculum, it becomes possible to improve academic attainment within later modules.

Wishful Thinking: Lessons from the internal and external evaluations of an innovatory education project in Northern Ireland

From March 1999 to August 2000, the authors were involved in simultaneous internal and external evaluations of the social civic and political education (SCaPE) project in Northern Ireland. This project was a major initiative established by the Citizenship Foundation, the Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum, Examination and Assessment (CCEA), and the School of Education at the University of Ulster at Coleraine. It was a 2-year project in 25 secondary schools established to design, develop, pilot and evaluate a new programme of social, civic and political education for Northern Ireland. It also aimed to serve as a model for future Citizenship curriculum developments throughout Northern Ireland and elsewhere. This paper describes the background to the project, the design and conduct of the two evaluations, and the links between them. It outlines the main conclusions of each evaluation and describes the way SCaPE has since evolved into a mainstream curriculum development project. The final part of the paper analyses the key opportunities, tensions and challenges involved in running such evaluations at a critical time in the history of Northern Ireland – a time when innovation is both necessary and controversial. It argues that, especially in such circumstances, evaluation cannot be conducted from a neutral, objective standpoint, and that it is incumbent on evaluators to recognise the emotional, personal and political commitment they make to the projects in which they are engaged.

Reframing EU Public Health Governance:From Risk to Citizenship and Participation

Risk is the dominant frame for the European Union’s growing albeit often overlooked public health governance. The starting point for this chapter is the distortion of public health priorities by and within this frame. I argue that existing efforts to identify, underline and tackle the distortions can be strengthened by reframing governance as a matter of citizenship so as to develop citizen participation in decision making.

Undergraduate interprofessional education using high-fidelity paediatric simulation

BACKGROUND: High-fidelity simulation is becoming increasingly important in the delivery of teaching and learning to health care professionals within a safe environment. Its use in an interprofessional context and at undergraduate level has the potential to facilitate the learning of good communication and teamworking, in addition to clinical knowledge and skills.

METHODS: Interprofessional teaching and learning workshops using high-fidelity paediatric simulation were developed and delivered to undergraduate medical and nursing students at Queen's University Belfast. Learning outcomes common to both professions, and essential in the clinical management of sick children, included basic competencies, communication and teamworking skills. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation was undertaken using published questionnaires.

RESULTS: Quantitative results - the 32-item questionnaire was analysed for reliability using spss. Responses were positive for both groups of students across four domains - acquisition of knowledge and skills, communication and teamworking, professional identity and role awareness, and attitudes to shared learning. Qualitative results - thematic content analysis was used to analyse open-ended responses. Students from both groups commented that an interprofessional education (IPE) approach to paediatric simulation improved clinical and practice-based skills, and provided a safe learning environment. Students commented that there should be more interprofessional and simulation learning opportunities.

DISCUSSION: High-fidelity paediatric simulation, used in an interprofessional context, has the potential to meet the requirements of undergraduate medical and nursing curricula. Further research is needed into the long-term benefits for patient care, and its generalisability to other areas within health care teaching and learning.

The supporting role of emerging multimedia technologies in higher education

In this paper we give an overview of current investigations into the incorporation of cutting edge technologies within the Higher Education teaching domain. In particular, the role of audio is discussed through a number of case studies. The paper then concludes with a discussion of the authors' plans to incorporate audio and video content as supplementary course material for a technical undergraduate module

Formação contínua de professores de ciências e de filosofia : contributos de um estudo sobre educação para a sustentabilidade

Este estudo pretende ser uma contribuição para a resposta aos apelos desafiadores de diversos autores e organizações internacionais, em particular das Nações Unidas, ao reconhecerem a importância da educação para a sustentabilidade através da proposta da Década da Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (2005-2014). A formação contínua de professores desenvolvida em comunidades de aprendizagem interdisciplinares, constituídas por professores de Ciências e de Filosofia, foi assumida nesta investigação com um instrumento que pode potenciar o incremento da interdisciplinaridade entre estas áreas do saber e promover o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. O estudo realizado centra-se em três fases: Fase I – Diagnóstico de concepções de professores de Ciências e de Filosofia acerca da pertinência que atribuem às interacções intergrupais (Ciências/Filosofia) como contributo para a melhoria das suas práticas pedagógicas e das aprendizagens dos alunos no âmbito da educação para a sustentabilidade. Fase II – Concepção e implementação de um programa de formação contínua numa comunidade de aprendizagem interdisciplinar, constituída por professores de Ciências e de Filosofia de uma escola. Fase III – Avaliação das percepções dos professores/formandos sobre os impactes do programa de formação no incremento da interdisciplinaridade, na leccionação da temática Sustentabilidade na Terra, no desenvolvimento profissional dos participantes e nas práticas de formação contínua de professores. A Fase I incide sobre o diagnóstico de concepções de professores de Ciências e de Filosofia, para o qual foi concebido um questionário, aplicado em dezoito escolas do Ex-CAE de Viseu, e ao qual responderam 185 professores. Os indicadores obtidos revelam que os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia reconhecem a relevância das suas próprias áreas disciplinares para a formação dos alunos. No entanto, a interdisciplinaridade entre as Ciências e a Filosofia é escassa, apesar dos professores considerarem que pode ser útil na planificação das actividades lectivas. Consideram, também, que pode promover a implementação de estratégias de ensino mais diversificadas e contribuir para o incremento de uma cultura de colaboração nas escolas. Os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia reconhecem que a abordagem da temática Sustentabilidade na Terra necessita de conceitos para além dos que são abordados individualmente nas disciplinas leccionadas e pode ser facilitada se forem implementados materiais didácticos construídos com colegas do seu e de outros grupos disciplinares. A Fase II parte das concepções diagnosticadas, dos indicadores da investigação em Didáctica, das actuais perspectivas de ensino e de aprendizagem preconizadas para os Ensinos Básico e Secundário e de um modelo de formação reflexiva, crítica e ecológica (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Alarcão, 1996; Sá-Chaves, 1997; Schön, 2000) e elabora-se um programa de formação contínua de professores de cariz interdisciplinar (Ciências e Filosofia). Este programa de formação foi implementado a vinte e quatro professores de Ciências e de Filosofia de uma Escola Secundária da região Centro-Norte de Portugal, durante o ano lectivo de 2008/2009 e teve a duração de cinquenta horas presenciais e cinquenta horas não presenciais. Nele aprofundam-se conhecimentos no âmbito da educação em Ciência e em Filosofia, promovendo a ligação entre ambas e facilitando, deste modo, a sua transposição didáctica. Promove-se a articulação entre a investigação e as práticas pedagógicas e proporciona-se a análise e o aprofundamento de temáticas transversais às Ciências e à Filosofia. Procura-se, deste modo, potenciar a especificidade das áreas do saber envolvidas e promover o enriquecimento de perspectivas nos participantes. Das dinâmicas estabelecidas emergem percursos formativos que permitem a construção de materiais didácticos, estruturados numa perspectiva construtivista de cariz interdisciplinar, para a temática Sustentabilidade da Terra, leccionada nas disciplinas de Ciências (Ensino Básico e Secundário) e de Filosofia (Ensino Secundário). Estes materiais didácticos são, posteriormente, implementados pelos professores de Ciências e Filosofia no contexto de sala de aula. Na Fase III desta investigação avaliam-se as percepções sobre os impactes do programa de formação no incremento da interdisciplinaridade entre os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia, na leccionação da temática Sustentabilidade na Terra, no desenvolvimento profissional dos professores que nele participaram e na melhoria das práticas de formação contínua de professores. Os indicadores obtidos apontam no sentido de que o processo formativo experienciado contribuiu para: - ajudar a derrubar barreiras disciplinares existentes entre os professores de Ciências e de Filosofia; - a construção, numa lógica interdisciplinar, de materiais didácticos diversificados para a temática Sustentabilidade na Terra, que foram reconhecidos pelos alunos como inovadores e importantes para a vivência de aprendizagens activas e contextualizadas; - a modificação de algumas práticas pedagógicas dos professores participantes; - a identificação de potencialidades das comunidades de aprendizagem interdisciplinares na formação contínua de professores. As conclusões obtidas nesta investigação levam a considerar que há necessidade de serem trilhados novos caminhos no campo da formação contínua de professores, procurando criar mecanismos de trabalho e de cooperação que permitam uma efectiva partilha de saberes e de valores entre professores de diferentes áreas disciplinares, que informem novas atitudes, reais e consentâneas com uma prática pedagógica reflexiva e interdisciplinar. Deste modo, considera-se que a adopção de um modelo reflexivo de formação contínua de professores, baseado na constituição de comunidades de aprendizagem interdisciplinares, ajuda os professores a terem uma visão mais integradora dos saberes e a reconhecerem as potencialidades da interdisciplinaridade entre as Ciências e a Filosofia na melhoria das práticas pedagógicas. Pode, também, constituir-se como resposta aos desafios da educação no século XXI, facilitando o exercício de uma cidadania de responsabilidade e participativa e apontando perspectivas para a resolução de problemas da sociedade actual, entre os quais se incluem os relacionados com a sustentabilidade do planeta Terra.