Thyroid hormone and estrogen interact to regulate behavior.

Environmental perturbations that increase plasma thyroid hormone (T3) concentrations also profoundly affect female reproductive behavior and physiology. We explored whether these effects were mediated by interactions between T3 receptor (TR) and estrogen receptor (ER). This hypothesis was of interest because the half-site of a consensus T3 response element DNA sequence is identical to an ER response element (ERE), and TRs bind to a consensus ERE. Molecular data presented in the accompanying paper [Zhu, Y.-S., Yen, P.M., Chin, W.W.& Pfaff, D.W. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 12587-12592] demonstrate that TRs and ERs are both present in rat hypothalamic nuclear extracts and that both can bind to the promoter the hypothalamic gene preproenkephalin and that interations between liganded TRs and ERs affect preproenkephalin transcription. In this paper, we show that molecular interactions between TRs and ERs are sufficient to mediate environmental effects on estrogen-controlled reproductive behavior. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with high doses of T3 showed significantly lower levels of lordosis behavior in response to estradiol benzoate (EB) compared with OVX females treated with EB alone. Conversely, thyroidectomized/OVX females treated with EB showed significantly greater levels of lordosis behavior compared with OVX females treated with EB, showing the effect of endogenous T3. Thyroid hormone interference with EB-induced behavior could not be explained by a reduction in plasma E2 concentrations or by a general reduction in responsiveness of EB-sensitive tissues. Moreover, numbers of hypothalamic ER-immunoreactive cells increased dramatically following T3 treatment. These data suggest that T3 may reduce EB-dependent sexual behavior through interactions between TR and ER in the nuclei of behaviorally relevant hypothalamic neurons, envisioning for the first time a functional consequence of interactions between two nuclear hormone receptors in brain. These results also open up the possibility of molecular interactions on DNA encoding environmental signals, a new field for the study of neuronal integration.

An antiestrogen: a phosphotyrosyl peptide that blocks dimerization of the human estrogen receptor.

We have previously identified tyrosine-537 as a constitutively phosphorylated site on the human estrogen receptor (hER). A 12-amino acid phosphotyrosyl peptide containing a selected sequence surrounding tyrosine-537 was used to investigate the function of phosphotyrosine-537. The phosphotyrosyl peptide completely blocked the binding of the hER to an estrogen response element (ERE) in a gel mobility shift assay. Neither the nonphosphorylated tyrosyl peptide nor an unrelated phosphotyrosyl peptide previously shown to inhibit the signal transducers and activators of transcription factor (STAT) blocked binding of the hER to the ERE. The hER phosphotyrosyl peptide was shown by molecular sizing chromatography to dissociate the hER dimer into monomers. The hER specifically bound the 32P-labeled phosphotyrosyl peptide, indicating that the inhibition of ERE binding was caused by the phosphotyrosyl peptide binding directly to the hER and blocking dimerization. These data suggest that the phosphorylation of tyrosine-537 is a necessary step for the formation of the hER dimer. In addition, we propose that the dimerization of the hER occurs by a previously unrecognized Src homology 2 domain (SH2)-like phosphotyrosyl coupling mechanism. Consequently, the phosphotyrosyl peptide represents a class of antagonists that inhibits estrogen action by a mechanism other than interacting with the receptor's hormone binding site.

Student poem composed by Joseph Story, 1796

Four-page handwritten poem composed in English by Joseph Story as a Harvard undergraduate. The verso of the last page is inscribed "Story's 1796." The poem contains classical allusions and is titled with the quote: "Aut Caeusar, aut nullus." The poem begins, "In elder climes, ere science' mystic page / Gave light unfolded to a barbarous age..." The poem ends with verse about George Washington. The text includes edits and struck-through words.

Historia de la isla de Cuba,

Mode of access: Internet.

Annales des épiphyties.

Issuing body varies: Ministry of Agriculture, etc.

Méthode de guérir les maladies, suivant qu'elles paroissent dans le cours de l'année médicinale et observations sur les maladies aigües et chroniques : accompagnées de l'ouverture des cadavres, faites dans l'Hôpital civil et militaire de Montpellier /

Mode of access: Internet.

Examen critique des travaux de feu M. Champollion, sur les hiéroglypes,

Mode of access: Internet.

Gezamlṭe shrifṭn /

1. bd. Ṭolsṭoy, Niṭshe un Ḳarl Marḳs -- 2. bd. Naṭur filozofisher maṭerializm -- 3. bd. Hisṭorishe ideen farbindungen -- 4. bd. Natsyonaliṭeṭ un progrem -- 5. bd. In ḳamf far folḳ un shprakh -- 6. bd. Der eḳonomisher maṭerializm un di natsyonale frage -- 7. bd. Di moral filozofie un der end-tsil -- 8. bd. In shṿere tsayṭen -- 9. bd. Der tsienizm un der nayer yishev in Erets Yiśroel -- 10. bd. Di Rusishe reṿolutsye un dos yidishe folḳ -- 11. bd. Iyov un Fausṭ -- 12. bd. Alberṭ Aynshṭayns ṭeorye fun relaṭiṿiṭeṭ -- 13. bd. Der sotsyalizm un di natsyonale frage -- 14. bd. Oyf di ṿegn fun modernem gedanḳengang -- 15. bd. Hoypṭ-problemen fun sotsyalizm.

L'art de vérifier les dates ...

Vols. [33-37 and 39-44] were written by D. B. Warden and have running title "Chronologie historique de l'Amerique."

Théorie des êtres sensibles, ou, Cours complet de physique, spéculative, expérimentale, systématique et géométrique : mise a la portée de tout le monde : avec une table alphabétique des matieres, qui en fait un vrai dictionnaire de physique /

Includes index.

Śiḥah be-ʻolam ha-neshamot.

Later editions published with the author's Bet ha-osef under the title Meḥḳere lashon.

A pilgrimage in Europe and America : leading to the discovery of the sources of the Mississippi and Bloody River ; with a description of the whole course of the former and of the Ohio /

The 2nd vol., with the exception of "letter" X-XI, published separately in French, New Orleans, 1824, under title: La découverte des surces du Mississippi et de la rivi'ere Sanglante.

The works of don Francisco de Quevedo. Translated from the Spanish.

The translation of The visions is based on the one by Sir Roger L'Estrang ere translated by Pedro Pineda. cf.v.1,p.xvi-xix.

Convito de Dante Alighieri, ridotto a lezione migliore.

Ed. by G. G. Trivulzio, V. Monti and G. A. Maggi.

Les précieuses ridicules : comédie en un acte /

Originally published: Paris : Librairie des Bibliophiles, 1889.