965 resultados para Création collective


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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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In this article we present a numerical study of the collective dynamics in a population of coupled semiconductor lasers with a saturable absorber, operating in the excitable regime under the action of additive noise. We demonstrate that temporal and intensity synchronization takes place in a broad region of the parameter space and for various array sizes. The synchronization is robust and occurs even for a set of nonidentical coupled lasers. The cooperative nature of the system results in a self-organization process which enhances the coherence of the single element of the population too and can have broad impact for detection purposes, for building all-optical simulators of neural networks and in the field of photonics-based computation.

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Due to their informality, the favelas of Rio de Janeiro are in a precarious position. Though the informal neighborhoods have long served as sites of affordable housing for Rio’s poorest residents, changes within in the city related to public security, mega-events, real estate speculation, and urban revitalization jeopardize their permanence. As one possible solution, this study, conducted for the client Catalytic Communities, investigated collective titling in favelas modeled after quilombos, territories recognized and titled by Brazilian federal law as patrimonies of black cultural traditions.

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Dynamic processes such as morphogenesis and tissue patterning require the precise control of many cellular processes, especially cell migration. Historically, these processes are thought to be mediated by genetic and biochemical signaling pathways. However, recent advances have unraveled a previously unappreciated role of mechanical forces in regulating these homeostatic processes in of multicellular systems. In multicellular systems cells adhere to both deformable extracellular matrix (ECM) and other cells, which are sources of applied forces and means of mechanical support. Cells detect and respond to these mechanical signals through a poorly understood process called mechanotransduction, which can have profound effects on processes such as cell migration. These effects are largely mediated by the sub cellular structures that link cells to the ECM, called focal adhesions (FAs), or cells to other cells, termed adherens junctions (AJs).

Overall this thesis is comprised of my work on identifying a novel force dependent function of vinculin, a protein which resides in both FAs and AJs - in dynamic process of collective migration. Using a collective migration assay as a model for collective cell behavior and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based molecular tension sensor for vinculin I demonstrated a spatial gradient of tension across vinculin in the direction of migration. To define this novel force-dependent role of vinculin in collective migration I took advantage of previously established shRNA based vinculin knock down Marin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells.

The first part of my thesis comprises of my work demonstrating the mechanosensitive role of vinculin at AJ’s in collectively migrating cells. Using vinculin knockdown cells and vinculin mutants, which specifically disrupt vinculin’s ability to bind actin (VinI997A) or disrupt its ability to localize to AJs without affecting its localization at FAs (VinY822F), I establish a role of force across vinculin in E-cadherin internalization and clipping. Furthermore by measuring E-cadherin dynamics using fluorescence recovery after bleaching (FRAP) analysis I show that vinculin inhibition affects the turnover of E-cadherin at AJs. Together these data reveal a novel mechanosensitive role of vinculin in E-cadherin internalization and turnover in a migrating cell layer, which is contrary to the previously identified role of vinculin in potentiating E-cadherin junctions in a static monolayer.

For the last part of my thesis I designed a novel tension sensor to probe tension across N-cadherin (NTS). N-cadherin plays a critical role in cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, neurons and neural crest cells. Similar to E-cadherin, N-cadherin is also believed to bear tension and play a role in mechanotransduction pathways. To identify the role of tension across N-cadherin I designed a novel FRET-based molecular tension sensor for N-cadherin. I tested the ability of NTS to sense molecular tension in vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes and cancer cells. Finally in collaboration with the Horwitz lab we have been able to show a role of tension across N-cadherin in synaptogenesis of neurons.

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Publiées dans la Collection des prospects durant la guerre d’Indépendance américaine, les vues d’optique Vuë de la Place capitale dans la Ville basse a Quebec, Vuë de la haute ville a Quebeck, Vuë de la basse Ville a Quebec vers le fleuve St-Laurent, Vuë de la rue des recolets de Quebeck et Vuë de Quebeck gravées par les Allemands Franz Xaver Habermann (1721-1796) et Balthasar Frederich Leizelt (1755-1812) entretiennent des liens ténus avec la configuration réelle de la ville de Québec qu’elles représentent. L’escamotage du paradigme documentaire dans ces images est l’enjeu principal de ce mémoire. Il permet de mettre l’accent sur les contraintes formelles découlant du dispositif optique de lecture utilisé ainsi que sur les modèles culturels concernant la perception du territoire urbain américain ayant prévalu lors de la création et de la réception des cinq vues d’optique à l’étude. L’analyse de la vision fictionnelle du paysage donnera également des indices sur les orientations idéologiques et l’imaginaire du lieu, perçu comme un ailleurs lointain, par un ensemble politique qui n’exerce pas de domination directe sur la colonie installée sur le bord du fleuve Saint-Laurent.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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A travers l’étude de la Correspondance Jules Supervielle-Etiemble et sa confrontation avec les manifestes du poète que sont  « Eléments d’une poétique » et « En songeant à un art poétique », notre article tente de définir la spécificité de la conception supervilienne de la poésie tout en évoquant les difficultés du poète à extérioriser, dans les premières années de sa jeunesse, les images inhérentes à son univers intérieur, et en faisant l’inventaire de quelques principes qui régissent son activité poétique : le refus de toutes les esthétiques et de toutes les techniques qui régissent préalablement la création poétique, l’adoption d’une technique a posteriori ou d’une « technique mouvante qui ne se fixe qu’à chaque poème », le travail de corrections, de retouches et de ratures, et le culte de l’oubli considéré moins comme une défaillance de la mémoire que comme le catalyseur des associations et images inattendues.

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We numerically analyse the behavior of the full distribution of collective observables in quantum spin chains. While most of previous studies of quantum critical phenomena are limited to the first moments, here we demonstrate how quantum fluctuations at criticality lead to highly non-Gaussian distributions. Interestingly, we show that the distributions for different system sizes collapse on thesame curve after scaling for a wide range of transitions: first and second order quantum transitions and transitions of the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless type. We propose and analyse the feasibility of an experimental reconstruction of the distribution using light–matter interfaces for atoms in optical lattices or in optical resonators.