Ylikirjastonhoitaja, professori Kai Ekholm, 60 vuotta : "On tallennettava tulevaisuus, ei menneisyyttä"

Haastateltavana ylikirjastonhoitaja, professori Kai Ekholm.

Stability of gluten free sweet biscuit elaborated with rice bran, broken rice and okara

Abstract A challenge to the food sector has been the development of new products incorporating co-products from the food processing industry with minimal impact on their pre-determined structures and adding nutritional quality. In order to add value and develop alternatives for the use of co-products generated during the agroindustrial processing, this work aimed to study the stability of gluten-free sweet biscuits developed with soybean okara, rice bran and broken rice. The formulations were elaborated with increasing percentages of these ingredients and compared with the standard (commercial sweet biscuit) for ten months. The analyses were: weight, diameters (internal and external), thickness, specific volume, instrumental parameters of color, texture, scanning electron microscopy, water activity, proximal composition and isoflavones. The experimental sweet biscuits had characteristics of color, weight, volume and diameters (internal and external) very similar to the commercial, whereas texture, lipids and energy value decreased, and aw, moisture and protein increased during storage. The sweet biscuits showed the same stability when compared to the standard, and the

Sensory response and physical characteristics of gluten-free and gum-free bread with chia flour

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical quality and sensory acceptance of gluten-free breads with different percentages of chia flour (Salvia Hispanica L .). The chia flour was used to substitute rice flour and soy flour in order to replace the gum required in this type of bread. Four formulations were developed; a standard made with gum, and three formulations with 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% of chia flour. Analyses of specific volume, cooking losses and the rise in dough of the breads were performed. Sensory analysis included tests for affective acceptability and purchase intent. The results showed that the bread with 2.5% chia flour had specific volume and cooking losses similar to the standard. In terms of the rise in dough, the standard showed the highest values, followed by the bread made with 5.0% chia flour. The substitution of soy and rice flour with 2.5% of chia flour produced bread with sensory characteristics similar to the standard in all of the analyzed attributes; it also received higher purchase intent. Using chia flour at a concentration of 2.5%, compared to rice flour and soy flour, proved that it was possible to replace gum in the bread formulation.

Effect of incorporation of nutraceutical capsule waste of safflower oil in the mechanical characteristics of corn starch films

Abstract Biodegradable films blends made of safflower oil nutraceutical capsules waste corn starch (20:4, 30:4, 40:4 and 50:4) were prepared. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of addition of different concentrations of safflower oil nutraceutical capsule waste in the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus) and thickness of corn starch films. A decrease in tensile strength and Young’s modulus and an increase in elongation at break were observed with the increase in the content of the nutraceutical capsule waste. The results showed that the blends of safflower oil capsules waste-corn starch films demonstrated promising characteristics to form biodegradable films with different mechanical characteristics.

Plantability and moisture content of naked and pelleted seeds of supersweet (Sh2) corn during cold storage conditions

The supersweet (Sh2) corn seeds have a thin tegument and an irregular shape, which hinder the sowing procedure. As a function of those factors, the significance of using the pelleting process to improve sowing and standardize the stand of plants in the field without the need of thinning within the row is emphasized. Although this technique has already been known for many years, little has been studied on the effect of such procedure on the plantability and on the moisture content of the supersweet corn seeds. Therefore, this research work aimed at evaluating the effects of pelleting on the moisture content of the seeds along the storing process, on the occurrence of gaps on seed deposition and on the dropping of double seeds, with the aid of a testing seeder. Other physical attributes of seeds and pellets were also evaluated through tests of fragmentation, screen retention, mass of a thousand seeds and apparent volume. Results have shown an increase on the mass and on the volume of the pelleted seeds that presented highly resistance to cracks and breaking. The pelleting was efficient on the reduction of gaps and on the deposition of double seeds at sowing, thus providing highly satisfactory results for these attributes. An increase on the seed moisture content was also observed as a function of storage with a significant reduction on this factor after the pelleting procedure. Results allow concluding that the pelleting process reduces seed moisture content and improves plantability, positively affecting the efficiency of the sowing process.

X-Ray analysis to assess mechanical damage in sweet corn seeds

The X-ray test is a precise, fast and non-destructive method to detect mechanical damage in seeds. In the present study, the efficiency of X-ray analysis in identifying the extent of mechanical damage in sweet corn seeds and its relationship with germination and vigor was evaluated. Hybrid 'SWB 551' (sh2) seeds with round (R) and flat (F) shapes were classified as large (L), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and small (S), using sieves with round and oblong screens. After artificial exposure to different levels of damage (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 impacts), seeds were X-rayed (15 kV, 5 min) and submitted to germination (25 °C/5 days) and cold (10 °C/7 days) tests. Digital images of normal and abnormal seedlings and ungerminated seeds from germination and cold tests were jointly analyzed with the seed X-ray images. Results showed that damage affecting the embryonic axis resulted in abnormal seedlings or dead seeds in the germination and cold tests. The X-ray analysis is efficient for identifying mechanical damage in sweet corn seeds, allowing damage severity to be associated with losses in germination and vigor.

The use of film coating on the performance of treated corn seed

The main objective of seed coating technology using polymers is to improve the physical, physiological and sanitary characteristics of seed performance. The objectives of the present study were to determine: the plantability of corn seeds treated with insecticide, fungicide and graphite, covered with a film coating; the dust retention on treated corn seeds; and the leaching of applied products on corn seeds covered by a film coating. Seed plantability was determined by counting the skips and double seeds; dust was determined by using fiberglass paper in mg.100 g-1 of seeds; and the leaching was determined by collecting the material leached in a 10 cm layer of sand after irrigation. The following conclusions were made: seeds covered with film coating effectively reduce skips and double seeds; film coating effectively reduces the formation of dust from the seeds; film coated seeds minimize the leaching of the insecticide applied in seed treatment; and there are differences in effectiveness related to film coating type and dosage.

Soista turvemaiksi – suoluonnon 60 vuoden kujanjuoksu Virtain, Kihniön ja Ylöjärven Kurun rajaseudulla

Suomen suoluonto on muuttunut voimakkaasti etenkin viimeksi kuluneiden noin 60 vuoden aikana. Muutoksen suurin syy on maankäyttö, etenkin osana metsätalouden tehostamista ja koneellistamista toteutetut massiiviset soiden metsäojitukset. Myös maatalous ja energiantuotanto ovat muuttaneet suoluontoa merkittävästi. Metsäojitus on keskeisin tekijä siinä, että lähes kaikki suotyypit Etelä-Suomessa on luokiteltu uhanalaisiksi tai silmälläpidettäviksi. Etelä-Suomessa keskimäärin 80 prosenttia soista on ojitettu metsätalouden tarpeisiin. Tutkimusalueella on ojitettu tätäkin enemmän: Kihniössä ojitettujen soiden osuus on 87 %. Huomattava osa ojituksista on tehty turhaan, kun ojituskohde on ollut esimerkiksi liian karu puuston kasvattamiseen. Esimerkiksi tutkimusalueella ojitusten lisäksi suuri osa laajemmista suomuodostumista on otettu turpeenkaivualueiksi 1970-luvulta lähtien, mikä on pahentanut suoluonnon ahdinkoa. Vanhat ja nykytilannetta kuvaavat kartat ja ilmakuvat tarjoavat aikasarjan tutkimusalueen suoluonnon muuttumisesta. Nykytilaa konkretisoi olennaisesti maastosta kerätty tieto. Molempia täydentävät maankäytön suunnitteluun liittyvät asiakirjat eli seutu- ja maakuntakaavat sekä turpeenoton ympäristölupapäätökset ja lupaprosesseihin liittyvät muut dokumentit. Näistä kolmesta erillisestä ja erityyppisestä tietolähteestä syntyy kokonaisnäkemys tutkimusalueen suoluonnossa tapahtuneista muutoksista, nykytilasta ja syistä niiden taustalla. Voimakkaista muutoksista huolimatta myös tutkimusalueella on luonnonsuojelullisesti arvokkaita soita, joilla on runsaasti uhanalaisia suotyyppejä ja joilla elää uhanalaisia lajeja. Soiden maankäytön suunnittelun tai suunnittelemattomuuden ja turpeenkaivun ympäristölupaprosessien historia on moninainen, ja sattumallakin on osuutensa siinä, mikä suo on säilynyt ja mikä ei. Poliittinen päätöksenteko näyttäytyy muun muassa soidensuojelun täydennysohjelman valmistelussa ja ennen kaikkea ohjelman vesittämisessä. Jatkossa soiden ennallistaminen saattaa nousta suurempaan rooliin niin tutkimusalueella kuin yleisemminkin.