Seasonal evolution of soil respiration in a mixed forestry plantation of walnuts (Juglans × intermedia Carr.) and alders (Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby) in Domaine de Restinclières (France)

The ecological intensification of crops is proposed as a solution to the growing demand of agricultural and forest resources, in opposition to intensive monocultures. The introduction of mixed cultures as mixtures between nitrogen fixing species and non nitrogen fixing species intended to increase crop yield as a result of an improvement of the available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Relationship between crops have received little attention despite the wide range of advantages that confers species diversity to these systems, such as increased productivity, resilience to disruption and ecological sustainability. Forests and forestry plantations can develop an important role in storing carbon in their tissues, especially in wood which become into durable product. A simplifying parameter to analyze the amount allocated carbon by plantation is the TBCA (total belowground carbon allocation), whereby, for short periods and mature plantations, is admitted as the subtraction between soil carbon efflux and litterfall. Soil respiration depends on a wide range of factors, such as soil temperature and soil water content, soil fertility, presence and type of vegetation, among others. The studied orchard is a mixed forestry plantation of hybrid walnuts(Juglans × intermedia Carr.) for wood and alders (Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby.), a nitrogen fixing specie through the actinomycete Frankia alni ((Woronin, 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895). The study area is sited at Restinclières, a green area near Montpellier (South of France). In the present work, soil respiration varied greatly throughout the year, mainly influenced by soil temperature. Soil water content did not significantly influence the response of soil respiration as it was constant during the measurement period and under no water stress conditions. Distance between nearest walnut and measurement was also a highly influential factor in soil respiration. Generally there was a decreasing trend in soil respiration when the distance to the nearest tree increased. It was also analyzed the response of soil respiration according to alder presence and fertilizer management (50 kg N·ha-1·año-1 from 1999 to 2010). None of these treatments significantly influenced soil respiration, although previous studies noticed an inhibition in rates of soil respiration under fertilized conditions and high rates of available nitrogen. However, treatments without fertilization and without alder presence obtained higher respiration rates in those cases with significant differences. The lack of significant differences between treatments may be due to the high coefficient of variation experienced by soil respiration measurements. Finally an asynchronous fluctuation was observed between soil respiration and litterfall during senescence period. This is possibly due to the slowdown in the emission of exudates by roots during senescence period, which are largely related to microbial activity.

Localization of α1,3-fucosyltransferase VI in Weibel–Palade bodies of human endothelial cells

Surface glycosylation of endothelial cells is relevant to various processes including coagulation, inflammation, metastasis, and lymphocyte homing. One of the essential sugars involved in these processes is fucose linked α1→3 to N-acetylglucosamine. A family of α1,3-fucosyltransferases (FucTs) called FucT-III, IV, V, VI, VII, and IX is able to catalyze such fucosylations. Reverse transcription–PCR analysis revealed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells express all of the FucTs except FucT-IX. The predominant activity, as inferred by acceptor specificity of enzyme activity in cell lysates, is compatible with the presence of FucT-VI. By using an antibody to recombinant soluble FucT-VI, the enzyme colocalized with β4-galactosyltransferase-1 to the Golgi apparatus. By using a polyclonal antiserum raised against a 17-aa peptide of the variable (stem) region of the FucT-VI, immunocytochemical staining of FucT-VI was restricted to Weibel–Palade bodies, as determined by colocalization with P-selectin and von Willebrand factor. SDS/PAGE immunoblotting and amino acid sequencing of internal peptides confirmed the identity of the antigen isolated by the peptide-specific antibody as FucT-VI. Storage of a fucosyltransferase in Weibel–Palade bodies suggests a function independent of Golgi-associated glycosylation.

Collection of Harvard College admission form letter and bills sent to Charles Walker and his son Charles Walker, Jr., 1785-1816

This collection consists primarily of quarter bills and butler's bills from Charles Walker and Charles Walker, Jr.'s years as students at Harvard College, from 1785 to 1789 and from 1815-1816. It includes the following materials from Charles Walker: a form of admission (a printed form letter with manuscript annotations and signatures) from August 1785, quarter bills and butler's bills from 1785 to 1789, and occasional receipts of payment. The documents from Charles Walker, Jr. are less numerous, consisting solely of quarter bills from 1815 and 1816. The bills for father and son include annotations explaining the basis of additional or unusual charges, including fines for absence from lectures and prayers. The form used for the son's quarter bills, issued in 1815 and 1816, separate the amounts owed into the following categories: Steward and Commons, Sizings, Study and Cellar Rent, Instruction, Librarian, Natural History, Episcopal Church, Books, Catalogue and Commencement Dinner, Repairs, Sweepers, Assessments for delinquency in payment of Quarter Bills, Wood, and Fines. All of the bills are printed forms which were then filled out by hand, by either the steward or the butler, and issued to the students. Caleb Gannett was the College steward during both father and son's era. Joshua Paine, William Harris, and Thomas Adams served, successively, as butler during the father's era. Some of the butler's bills are signed by Roger Vose, a student who appears to have been employed by the butler in 1786 and 1787.

The life and letters of Madame Élisabeth de France, followed by the Journal of the Temple,

Edition limited to 800 numbered sets.

Dissertation sur l'architecture françoise, qui par les paralleles puisés dans la France & dans l'antiquité la plus reculée, tend à démontrer que la nation françoise a atteint le même point de perfection dans la pratique des arts, que les grecs & les romains : project, qui convient à tous les royaumes, suivant lequel il n'y auroit plus de médiocrité dans les arts libéraux & méchaniques, ni de citoyens pauvres ou malheureux : invention d'un ordre françois, très-neuf dans toute sa composition, & propre à tous les genres d'exécution.

Signatures: pi1 a¹² A-E¹² F⁶.

Luther's reply to King Henry VIII, now first Englished after the lapse of four centuries,

Mode of access: Internet.

Chroniques de J. Froissart,

Vol. 8, pt. II, to vol. 11, edited by Gaston Raynaud; vol. 12- by Léon Mirot.

The military adventures of Charles O'Neil /

Facsim. of the ed. Worcester : E. Livermore, 1851.

Memoirs of Elizabeth Stuart, queen of Bohemia, daughter of King James the First. Including sketches of the state of society in Holland and Germany, in the 17th century.

Mode of access: Internet.

The correspondence of King George the Third with Lord North from 1768 to 1783.

Running title: Letters to Lord North.

Memoirs of the life and reign of King George the Third /

Mode of access: Internet.

An account of the ceremonies observed in the coronations of the kings and queens of England : viz. King James II and his royal consort, King William III and Queen Mary, Queen Anne, King George I, and King George II and Queen Caroline.

In anticipation of the coronation of King George III.

Boyish reminiscences of His Majesty the King's visit to Canada in 1860.

Mode of access: Internet.

The correspondence of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., speaker of the House of Commons. With a memoir of his life. To which are added, other relicks of a gentleman's family.

Memoir.--Correspondence.--Extracts from the private account-book of Isabella, Duchess of Grafton.--Sir Thomas Hanmer, grandfather of the speaker, his account of France in 1648.--Extracts from Sir Henry North's Eroclea.--Miscellaneous letters.--Memoir of Charles Lee.--Poetry of the late H.F.R. Soame.

Voyages en France. Description de ses curiosités naturelles, notices sur les villes, etc.,

Mode of access: Internet.