Partie occidentale de l'Empire de Russie, où se trouve distinguée la Russie européenne, divisée par ses gouvernemens ou provinces de Dwinskoy, Oloneckoy, Bielozerskoy, Archangel, Nowogorod, Wolockoy, Ustiuskoy, Moscow, Kiowie, Bielogorod, Woroneskoy, et la Petite Tatarie. La partie Asiatique contient les provinces de Berezowskoy, Mangajeiskoy, Wiatka, Solkamskoy, Pelymskoy, ... Le gouvernement d'Astrachan et les confins du royaume des Kalmaks Eleuths. Dressée d'après les cartes d l'Atlas Russien par le s.r Robert de Vaugondy, fils de m.r Robert geographe ordin'. du roi. Avec privilege 1750.

[N. 1:9000000].

Partie septentrionale de la Russie Européenne òu sont distinguées éxactement toutes les provinces, d'aprés le détail de l'Atlas Russien. Par le s.r Robert de Vaugondy fils. géog. ordin'. du roi. Avec privilége 1753.

Janamittakaavat: Mille pas geometriques ; Woerstes de Russie.

Innovation process development and business process integration - a multiple case study

The main objective of this study was to find out the bases for innovation model formulation in an existing organization based on cases. Innovation processes can be analyzed based on their needs and based on their emphasis on the business model development or R&D. The research was conducted in energy sector within one company by utilizing its projects as cases for the study. It is typical for the field of business that development is slow, although the case company has put emphasis on its innovation efforts. Analysis was done by identifying the cases’ needs and comparing them. The results were that because of the variances in the needs of the cases, the applicability of innovation process models varies. It was discovered that by dividing the process into two phases, a uniform model could be composed. This model would fulfill the needs of the cases and potential future projects as well.

New methods for controlling twin configurations and characterizing twin boundaries in 5M Ni-Mn-Ga for the development of applications

Traditional methods for studying the magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys Ni-Mn-Ga include subjecting the entire sample to a uniform magnetic field or completely actuating the sample mechanically. These methods have produced significant results in characterizing the MSM effect, the properties of Ni-Mn-Ga and have pioneered the development of applications from this material. Twin boundaries and their configuration within a Ni-Mn-Ga sample are a key component in the magnetic shape memory effect. Applications that are developed require an understanding of twin boundary characteristics and, more importantly, the ability to predictably control them. Twins have such a critical role that the twinning stress of a Ni-Mn-Ga crystal is the defining characteristic that indicates its quality and significant research has been conducted to minimize this property. This dissertation reports a decrease in the twinning stress, predictably controlling the twin configuration and characterizing the dynamics of twin boundaries. A reduction of the twinning stress is demonstrated by the discovery of Type II twins within Ni-Mn-Ga which have as little as 10% of the twinning stress of traditional Type I twins. Furthermore, new methods of actuating a Ni-Mn-Ga element using localized unidirectional or bidirectional magnetic fields were developed that can predictably control the twin configuration in a localized area of a Ni-Mn-Ga element. This method of controlling the local twin configuration was used in the characterization of twin boundary dynamics. Using a localized magnetic pulse, the velocity and acceleration of a single twin boundary were measured to be 82.5 m/s and 2.9 × 107 m/s2, and the time needed for the twin boundary to nucleate and begin moving was less than 2.8 μs. Using a bidirectional magnetic field from a diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnet, a highly reproducible and controllable local twin configuration was created in a Ni-Mn-Ga element which is the fundamental pumping mechanism in the MSM micropump that has been co-invented and extensively characterized by the author.

Theoria definitionum exemplis mathematicis illustrandam

Invokaatio: I.M.G.

De nexu rerum in negotiis humanis prudentiae fundamento

Invokaatio: Q.F.F.Q.S.

Nonnulla theoremata miscellanea

Invokaatio: I.N.R.I.

Exercitationes miscellaneae mathematico-physicae 1

Invokaatio: D.F.G.

Ex antiquitatibus ecclesiasticis depromtae

Invokaatio: I.N.J.

Talionis indoles

Invokaatio: I.N.J.

In inscriptionem arae Atheniensis

Invokaatio: Q.F.F.Q.S.

Gogitationes subitaneae circa conservationem sui

Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

De bonitate divina in malis physicis conspicua

Invokaatio: B.C.N.

De tumultu rustico Ostrobotniae civium, klubbe-kriget vulgo dicto 1

Invokaatio: D.D.

De obscuritate orationis

Dedikaatio: Aaron Mathesius [engl. pr.], Georg Mathesius & Catharina Mathesius född Brunell [ruots. pr.].