When Wells Run Dry: Water and Tourism Along the Western Coast of Nicaragua

This dissertation uses a political ecology approach to examine the relationship between tourism development and groundwater in southwest Nicaragua. Tourism in Nicaragua is a booming industry bolstered by ‘unspoiled’ natural beauty, low crime rates, and government incentives. This growth has led to increased infrastructure, revenue, and employment opportunities for many local communities along the Pacific coast. Not surprisingly, it has also brought concomitant issues of deeper poverty, widening gaps between rich and poor, and competition over natural resources. Adequate provisions of freshwater are necessary to sustain the production and reproduction of tourism; however, it remains uncertain if groundwater supplies can keep pace with demand. The objective of this research is to assess water supply availability amidst tourism development in the Playa Gigante area. It addresses the questions: 1) are local groundwater supplies sufficient to sustain the demand for freshwater imposed by increased tourism development? and 2) is there a power relationship between tourism development and control over local freshwater that would prove inequitable to local populations? Integrating the findings of groundwater monitoring, geological mapping, and ethnographic and survey research from a representative stretch of Pacific coastline, this dissertation shows that diminishing recharge and increased groundwater consumption is creating conflict between stakeholders with various levels of knowledge, power, and access. Although national laws are structured to protect the environment and ensure equitable access to groundwater, the current scramble to secure water has powerful implications on social relations and power structures associated with tourism development. This dissertation concludes that marginalization due to environmental degradation is attributable to the nexus of a political promotion of tourism, poorly enforced state water policies, insufficient water research, and climate change. Greater technical attention to hydrological dynamics and collaboration amongst stakeholders are necessary for equitable access to groundwater, environmental sustainability, and profitability of tourism.

El edificio Legorburo de Albacete. De la euforia de una decisión a la penuria de una situación

El único ejemplo claro de Modernidad en la ciudad de Albacete (y así lo registra el Docomomo Ibérico) es el Edificio Legorburo en la calle Mayor, 43 esquina a Marqués de Molíns, un proyecto de comercio y viviendas de 1935 de los arquitectos José Luis García Pellicer y Baldomero Pérez Villena. Paradigma del más depurado racionalismo, rotundo, pero discreto, representa en Albacete, en el cruce de la calle Ancha, nuevo eje burgués, con una calle histórica y mirando hacia el Parque, lo que el Edificio Capitol en la Gran Vía madrileña. Pero, además de su posición y composición, encierra toda una serie de lecciones que nos proponemos desentrañar. Una de ellas es que el proyecto es resultado de un concurso convocado por la propiedad, en 1935, a través del Colegio de Arquitectos de Valencia, lo cual llama poderosamente la atención sobre el procedimiento del encargo y sobre el proceder de los promotores. Otra es la auténtica aventura que su construcción supone, arrancando a finales de 1935, quedando paralizada por la guerra y sobreviviendo a continuación a base de reinventarse hasta 1946 en que se concluye. Los cambios entre proyecto y obra evidencian ese ejercicio, apasionante y dramático, de ir repensando el proyecto una y otra vez para poderlo construir con los materiales y recursos disponibles en cada momento. El Edificio Legorburo es un magnífico exponente de la idea corbuseriana de la arquitectura como juego sabio y soberbio de los volúmenes bajo la luz pues es la plasticidad de sus cuerpos, muy matizados, la que le confiere su fuerza y elegancia casi mendelsohnianas. Estos cuerpos, acusados por sus respectivos planos, son tres: el principal y de mayor vuelo de los pisos, que resuelve la esquina en curva así como las transiciones con ésta y con las medianeras; el del bajo que, ajustándose a la alineación oficial, emerge sobre el principal en la esquina, como un faro que iluminara la ciudad con su linterna; y el de transición entre ambos, de vuelo intermedio, en el entresuelo y sobreático, flancos de la torre y medianeras. Este juego de volúmenes acusa un sinfín de matices resueltos con gran clase, como la transformación del mirador de la esquina en balcón, donde asienta la torre y se derrama luego a los costados, o el descenso hasta el bajo de la torre. El tratamiento de superficies insiste en este concepto escultural: las estrías verticales que simulan un orden gigante de pilastras, las franjas horizontales que delinean y subrayan las curvas, los antepechos de los huecos con cuadrados almohadillados... Todo está exquisitamente cuidado, trabajado y pensado. Las plantas, modélicas, albergan dos viviendas por piso con sus zonas de día recayentes a fachada y sus servicios a medianeras, en cuyo centro se aloja una majestuosa escalera elíptica y un patio que absorbe las irregularidades del trazado. Todas estas razones (funcional, impecablemente resuelta; técnica, ingeniosamente conseguida; formal, espectacularmente consumada y el entendimiento del lugar), tienen especial validez en el contexto actual puesto que son auténticas y genuinas lecciones de arquitectura.

Avaliação térmica provocada pela furação no tecido ósseo

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura no osso devido ao aquecimento provocado pelo processo de furação. Foram realizadas visitas a duas clínicas para acompanhamento da técnica de implantologia dentária e recolhidas imagens termográficas para a leitura da temperatura gerada na broca após o processo de furação. Na colocação de implantes dentários por exemplo, as variáveis que interferem no processo de furação do osso são: a velocidade, o material, o diâmetro, o comprimento e a geometria da ponta da broca. Com este trabalho pretende-se verificar, experimental e numericamente, as variáveis que interferem no aquecimento da estrutura óssea. Para isso, são utilizados materiais compósitos com características similares ao osso cortical e trabecular. A metodologia apresentada revela-se útil e diferenciadora de outros trabalhos, pois são utilizados materiais com características similares aos materiais in vivo. Os métodos experimentais utilizados em laboratório são baseados nas técnicas de termografia e termopares durante a furação dos diferentes materiais. Paralelamente, são utilizados modelos teóricos numéricos, com o recurso à técnica de elementos finitos, para a discussão de resultados. Após a elaboração do trabalho conclui-se que a temperatura na broca é superior à temperatura no osso e aumenta consoante a estrutura do material, isto é, se o material possuir cavidades na sua estrutura a temperatura na broca não é tão elevada como no material compacto.

The differential evolution of hot- and cold-dust in galaxies in the last 7.5 GYR

Tese de mestrado em Física, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Histoire du Collége de Rodez,

Mode of access: Internet.

Viage del comandante Byron al rededor del mundo hecho ultimamente de orden del almirantazgo de Inglaterra : en el qual se da noticia de varios paises, de las costumbres de sus habitantes, de las plantas y animales estraños que se crian en ellos, juntamente con una descripcion muy circunstanciada del estrecho de Magallanes y de cierta nacion de gigantes, llamados Patagones, con una lamina fina que los representa /

MTSD 37.

Des anévrysmes et de leur traitement /

Mode of access: Internet.

Atlas d'anatomie descriptive du corps humain /

Contiene : 1a. parte. Ostéologie, syndesmologie, myologie 2a. parte. Coeur, artères, veines, vaisseaux lymphatiques et aponévroses 3a. parte. Appareil de la digestion, appareil surrénal, rein 4a. parte. Appareil génito-urinaire, organes de la respiration.

Atlas d'anatomie descriptive du corps humain /

Vol. 2 y 3 editados por Victor Masson.

Traité des tumeurs /

Contiene: Tome 1. Des tumeurs en général, [4], XVI, 595 p. ; Tome 2. Des tumeurs en particulier, [4], 540 p.

Viage del comandante Byron al rededor del mundo, hecho ultimamente de orden del almirantazgo de Inglaterra : en el qual se da noticia de varios paises de las costumbres de sus habitantes, de las plantas, y animales estraños que se crian en ellos, juntamente con una descripcion muy circunstanciada del Estrecho de Magallanes, y de cierta nacion de gigantes, llamados Patagones, con una lamina fina que los representa /

Contiene con portada y pag. propias: Resumen historico del primer viage hecho al rededor del mundo, emprendido por Hernando de Magallanes, y llevado felizmente á termino por el famoso capitan español Juan Sebastian del Cano ... / su autor ... Casimiro de Ortega ...

Principal component analysis and assessment of language network activation patterns in pediatric epilepsy

This dissertation establishes a novel data-driven method to identify language network activation patterns in pediatric epilepsy through the use of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A total of 122 subjects’ data sets from five different hospitals were included in the study through a web-based repository site designed here at FIU. Research was conducted to evaluate different classification and clustering techniques in identifying hidden activation patterns and their associations with meaningful clinical variables. The results were assessed through agreement analysis with the conventional methods of lateralization index (LI) and visual rating. What is unique in this approach is the new mechanism designed for projecting language network patterns in the PCA-based decisional space. Synthetic activation maps were randomly generated from real data sets to uniquely establish nonlinear decision functions (NDF) which are then used to classify any new fMRI activation map into typical or atypical. The best nonlinear classifier was obtained on a 4D space with a complexity (nonlinearity) degree of 7. Based on the significant association of language dominance and intensities with the top eigenvectors of the PCA decisional space, a new algorithm was deployed to delineate primary cluster members without intensity normalization. In this case, three distinct activations patterns (groups) were identified (averaged kappa with rating 0.65, with LI 0.76) and were characterized by the regions of: (1) the left inferior frontal Gyrus (IFG) and left superior temporal gyrus (STG), considered typical for the language task; (2) the IFG, left mesial frontal lobe, right cerebellum regions, representing a variant left dominant pattern by higher activation; and (3) the right homologues of the first pattern in Broca's and Wernicke's language areas. Interestingly, group 2 was found to reflect a different language compensation mechanism than reorganization. Its high intensity activation suggests a possible remote effect on the right hemisphere focus on traditionally left-lateralized functions. In retrospect, this data-driven method provides new insights into mechanisms for brain compensation/reorganization and neural plasticity in pediatric epilepsy.

Principal Component Analysis and Assessment of Language Network Activation Patterns in Pediatric Epilepsy

This dissertation establishes a novel data-driven method to identify language network activation patterns in pediatric epilepsy through the use of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A total of 122 subjects’ data sets from five different hospitals were included in the study through a web-based repository site designed here at FIU. Research was conducted to evaluate different classification and clustering techniques in identifying hidden activation patterns and their associations with meaningful clinical variables. The results were assessed through agreement analysis with the conventional methods of lateralization index (LI) and visual rating. What is unique in this approach is the new mechanism designed for projecting language network patterns in the PCA-based decisional space. Synthetic activation maps were randomly generated from real data sets to uniquely establish nonlinear decision functions (NDF) which are then used to classify any new fMRI activation map into typical or atypical. The best nonlinear classifier was obtained on a 4D space with a complexity (nonlinearity) degree of 7. Based on the significant association of language dominance and intensities with the top eigenvectors of the PCA decisional space, a new algorithm was deployed to delineate primary cluster members without intensity normalization. In this case, three distinct activations patterns (groups) were identified (averaged kappa with rating 0.65, with LI 0.76) and were characterized by the regions of: 1) the left inferior frontal Gyrus (IFG) and left superior temporal gyrus (STG), considered typical for the language task; 2) the IFG, left mesial frontal lobe, right cerebellum regions, representing a variant left dominant pattern by higher activation; and 3) the right homologues of the first pattern in Broca's and Wernicke's language areas. Interestingly, group 2 was found to reflect a different language compensation mechanism than reorganization. Its high intensity activation suggests a possible remote effect on the right hemisphere focus on traditionally left-lateralized functions. In retrospect, this data-driven method provides new insights into mechanisms for brain compensation/reorganization and neural plasticity in pediatric epilepsy.

Estudo da incorporação de resíduos de perfuração para aplicação em cimentação de poços de petróleo

During the drilling of oil and natural gas are generated solid waste, liquid and gaseous. These solid fragments, which are known as cuttings, are carried to the surface through the drilling fluid. Furthermore, this fluid serves to cool the bit, keeping the internal pressure of the well, and others. This solid residue is very polluting, because it has incorporated beyond the drilling fluid, which has several chemical additives harmful to the environment, some heavy metals that are harmful to the environment, such as lead. To minimize the residue generated, are currently being studied numerous techniques to mitigate the problems that such waste can cause to the environment, like addition of cuttings in the composition of soil cement brick masonry construction, addition of cuttings on the clay matrix for the manufacture of solid masonry bricks and ceramic blocks and coprocessing of the cuttings in cement. So, the main objective of this work is the incorporation of cuttings drilling of oil wells, the cement slurry used in the cementing operation of the well. This cuttings used in this study, arising from the formation Pendências, was milled and separated in a sieve of 100 mesh. After grinding had a mean particle sike in order of 86 mm and crystal structure containing phases of quartz and calcite type, characteristic of the Portland cement. Were formulated and prepared slurries of cement with density 13 lb / gal, containing different concentrations of gravel, and realized characterization tests API SPEC 10A and RP 10B. Free water tests showed values lower than 5.9% and the rheological model that best described the behavior of the mixtures was the power. The results of compressive strength (10.3 MPa) and stability (Dr <0.5 lb / gal) had values within the set of operational procedures. Thus, the gravel from the drilling operation, may be used as binders in addition to Portland cement oil wells, in order to reuse this waste and reduce the cost of the cement paste.

Uso de água produzida na formulação de fluidos de perfuração

Drilling fluids have fundamental importance in the petroleum activities, since they are responsible for remove the cuttings, maintain pressure and well stability, preventing collapse and inflow of fluid into the rock formation and maintain lubrication and cooling the drill. There are basically three types of drilling fluids: water-based, non-aqueous and aerated based. The water-based drilling fluid is widely used because it is less aggressive to the environment and provide excellent stability and inhibition (when the water based drilling fluid is a inhibition fluid), among other qualities. Produced water is generated simultaneously with oil during production and has high concentrations of metals and contaminants, so it’s necessary to treat for disposal this water. The produced water from the fields of Urucu-AM and Riacho da forquilha-RN have high concentrations of contaminants, metals and salts such as calcium and magnesium, complicating their treatment and disposal. Thus, the objective was to analyze the use of synthetic produced water with similar characteristics of produced water from Urucu-AM and Riacho da Forquilha-RN for formulate a water-based drilling mud, noting the influence of varying the concentration of calcium and magnesium into filtered and rheology tests. We conducted a simple 32 factorial experimental design for statistical modeling of data. The results showed that the varying concentrations of calcium and magnesium did not influence the rheology of the fluid, where in the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity and the initial and final gels does not varied significantly. For the filtrate tests, calcium concentration in a linear fashion influenced chloride concentration, where when we have a higher concentration of calcium we have a higher the concentration of chloride in the filtrate. For the Urucu’s produced water based fluids, volume of filtrate was observed that the calcium concentration influences quadratically, this means that high calcium concentrations interfere with the power of the inhibitors used in the formulation of the filtered fluid. For Riacho’s produced water based fluid, Calcium’s influences is linear for volume of filtrate. The magnesium concentration was significant only for chloride concentration in a quadratic way just for Urucu’s produced water based fluids. The mud with maximum concentration of magnesium (9,411g/L), but minimal concentration of calcium (0,733g/L) showed good results. Therefore, a maximum water produced by magnesium concentration of 9,411g/L and the maximum calcium concentration of 0,733g/L can be used for formulating water-based drilling fluids, providing appropriate properties for this kind of fluid.