Apparatus and test methods for measuring the impact of golf balls on turf and their application in the field

An apparatus was developed to project spinning golf balls directly onto golf greens. This employed a modified baseball/practice machine with two counter-rotating pneumatic wheels. The speed of the wheels could be varied independently allowing backspin to be given to the ball. The ball was projected into a darkened enclosure where the motion of the ball before and after impacting with the turf was recorded using a still camera and a stroboscope. The resulting photographs contained successive images of the ball on a single frame of film. The apparatus was tested on eighteen golf courses resulting in 721 photographs of impacts. Statistical analysis was carried out on the results of the photographs and from this, two types of green emerged. On the first, the ball tended to rebound with topspin, while on the second, the ball retained backspin after impact if the initial backspin was greater than about 350 rads-1. Eleven tests were devised to determine the characteristics of greens and statistical techniques were used to analyse the relationships between these tests. These showed the effects of the green characteristics on ball/turf impacts. It was found that the ball retained backspin on greens that were freely drained and had less than 60% of Poa annua (annual meadow grass) in their swards. Visco-elastic models were used to simulate the impact of the ball with the turf. Impacts were simulated by considering the ball to be rigid and the turf to be a two layered system consisting of springs and dampers. The model showed good agreement with experiment and was used to simulate impacts from two different shots onto two contrasting types of green.

Recreational Food Service is Big Business

In the analysis - Recreational Food Service Is Big Business - by Gary Horvath, President, Recreational Foodservice Division, Service America Corporation and Mickey Warner, Associate Professor School of Hospitality Management at Florida International University, Horvath and Warner initially state: “Recreational food service is very different from routine food service management. The authors review the market and the management planning and challenges that create that difference.” Recreational food is loosely defined by the authors as food for special events. These can be one-time events, repeated events that are not on a fixed schedule [i.e. concerts], weekly events such as football-baseball-or basketball games, or other similar venues. Concessions are a large part of these fan based settings. “An anticipated 101,000 fans at a per capita spending of $5-6 [were expected]. A typical concessions menu of hot dogs, popcorn, soda, beer, snacks, novelty foods, candy, and tobacco products comprises this market segment,” say Horvath and Warner in reference to the Super-Bowl XXI football championship game, held in Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California, on January 25, 1987. Some of the article is based upon that event. These food service efforts focus on the individual fan, but do extend to the corporate-organizational level as well. Your authors will have you know that catering is definitely a part of this equation. The monies spent and earned are phenomenal. “Special events of this type attract numerous corporate catering opportunities for companies entertaining VIP guest lists,” the authors inform. “Hospitality tents usually consist of a pregame cocktail party and buffet and a post-game celebration with musical entertainment held in lavishly decorated tents erected at the site. In this case a total of 5,000 covers, at a price of $200 each, for 12-15 separate parties were anticipated.” Horvath and Warner also want you to know that novelties and souvenirs make up an essential part of this, the recreational food service market. “Novelties and souvenirs are a primary market and source of revenue for every stadium food service operator,” say Horvath and Warner. The term, “per capita spending is the measurement used by the industry to evaluate sales potential per attendee at an event,” say the authors. Of course, with the solid revenue figures involved as well as the number of people anticipated for such events, planning is crucial, say Horvath and Warner. Training of staff, purchasing and supply, money and banking, facility access, and equipment, are a few of the elements to be negotiated. Through both graphs and text, Horvath and Warner do provide a fairly detailed outline of what a six-step event plan consists of.

Charles E. Perry Having Fun

Charles Perry, Alvin Dark, Lee Danielson playing golf. Charles Edward Perry (Chuck), 1937-1999, was the founding president of Florida International University in Miami, Florida. He grew up in Logan County, West Virginia and received his bachelor's and masters's degrees from Bowling Green State University. He married Betty Laird in 1960. In 1969, at the age of 32, Perry was the youngest president of any university in the nation. The name of the university reflects Perry’s desire for a title that would not limit the scope of the institution and would support his vision of having close ties to Latin America. Perry and a founding corps opened FIU to 5,667 students in 1972 with only one large building housing six different schools. Perry left the office of President of FIU in 1976 when the student body had grown to 10,000 students and the university had six buildings, offered 134 different degrees and was fully accredited. Charles Perry died on August 30, 1999 at his home in Rockwall, Texas. He is buried on the FIU campus in front of the Graham Center entrance. Alvin Ralph Dark (1972-), AKA “Blackie” and “The Swamp Fox”, played for the National Football League and was a shortstop and manager in Major League Baseball.

Lumps and balls in high-slump concrete: reasons and remedy

The objective of this research was to investigate the reason lumps occur in high-slump concrete and develop adequate batching procedures for a lumps-free high-slump ready-mix concrete mix used by the Florida Department of Transportation. Cement balls are round lumps of cement, sand, and coarse aggregate, typically about the size of a baseball that frequently occur in high-slump concrete. Such lumps or balls jeopardize the structural integrity of structural members. Experiments were conducted at the CSR Rinker concrete plant in Miami, Florida, based on a protocol developed by a team of Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) concrete engineers, Rinker personnel, and Florida International University faculty. A total of seventeen truckloads were investigated in two phases, between April 2001 and March 2002. The tests consisted of gathering data by varying load size, discharge rate, headwater content, and mixing revolutions. The major finding was that a usual load size and discharge rate, an initial headwater ratio of 30%, and an initial number of revolutions of 100 at 12 revolutions per minute seem to produce a lump-free high-slump concrete. It was concluded that inadequate mixing and batching procedures caused cement lumps. Recommendations regarding specific load size, discharge rates, number of mixing revolutions, and initial water content are made. Clear guidelines for a high-slump concrete batching protocol can be developed, with further testing based on these research conclusions.

Kim Mincica (who made the team) at little league tryouts

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Little league tryouts

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Umpire Bernice Gera holds press conference at ABC-TV NY

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Little league tryouts

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Umpire Bernice Gera holds press conference at ABC-TV NY

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Advances in Dynamic Modeling and Computation for Count Data

A class of multi-process models is developed for collections of time indexed count data. Autocorrelation in counts is achieved with dynamic models for the natural parameter of the binomial distribution. In addition to modeling binomial time series, the framework includes dynamic models for multinomial and Poisson time series. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Po ́lya-Gamma data augmentation (Polson et al., 2013) are critical for fitting multi-process models of counts. To facilitate computation when the counts are high, a Gaussian approximation to the P ́olya- Gamma random variable is developed.

Three applied analyses are presented to explore the utility and versatility of the framework. The first analysis develops a model for complex dynamic behavior of themes in collections of text documents. Documents are modeled as a “bag of words”, and the multinomial distribution is used to characterize uncertainty in the vocabulary terms appearing in each document. State-space models for the natural parameters of the multinomial distribution induce autocorrelation in themes and their proportional representation in the corpus over time.

The second analysis develops a dynamic mixed membership model for Poisson counts. The model is applied to a collection of time series which record neuron level firing patterns in rhesus monkeys. The monkey is exposed to two sounds simultaneously, and Gaussian processes are used to smoothly model the time-varying rate at which the neuron’s firing pattern fluctuates between features associated with each sound in isolation.

The third analysis presents a switching dynamic generalized linear model for the time-varying home run totals of professional baseball players. The model endows each player with an age specific latent natural ability class and a performance enhancing drug (PED) use indicator. As players age, they randomly transition through a sequence of ability classes in a manner consistent with traditional aging patterns. When the performance of the player significantly deviates from the expected aging pattern, he is identified as a player whose performance is consistent with PED use.

All three models provide a mechanism for sharing information across related series locally in time. The models are fit with variations on the P ́olya-Gamma Gibbs sampler, MCMC convergence diagnostics are developed, and reproducible inference is emphasized throughout the dissertation.

Sunray etched Visors for the Jamaican Olympic Team in three colours: yellow, green and black

Design for visors for the delegation from Jamaica to the London Olympic Games 2012. This design was commissioned by PUMA 2012 based on McLean's designs featured in the website House of Flora, which functions as a space of display, archive, folio, point of sale and dissemination. The McLean standard design for visors is a component of the avant garde, pret a porter millinery, accessory design collections, and stylistically customised for the Jamaican team. McLean's oeuvre is original in its integration of the experimental traditions of art school workshop culture with the professional demands of fashion manufacture and trade culture. Combining the innovation of the postmodern urban artisan with the exacting demands of industrial production, dissemination and distribution McLean's design work spans the disparate worlds of national art collections such as the Victoria and Albert Museum (A Hat Anthology Exhibition, and catalogue 2009), London Design Museum ( Fifty Hats that Changed the World 2009). Integrating design considerations of multiple and mass production with the stylistic considerations of the studio workshop McLean brings the wit of the avant garde urban artisan to the structures and systems of fashion industry. The designs reach to a global audience as product users, as well as to the international connoisseurship of crafts and design specialists. The rigour of McLean's research and innovation is evident in the specificity of the stylistic references made through her selection of materials, processes, form, colour and symbolism. A range of cultural references cite the rich fusion of early twentieth century modernist culture in which the disparate worlds of popular, proletarian, culture fertilised the stylistic austerity of high modern formalism. McLean here considers the relationship between millinery and coiffure, following from the millinery piece featured in (Marcel bobbed hairpiece hat), and now brings the considerations of ethnic difference to bear on her design. Afro hair brings user group specificity to the milliner, and the visor design is a resolution of function and style for both protection and display. Connoting the sartorial conventions of workwear headgear, rather than the nineteenth century colonial 'cricketer's' cap, or the twentieth century US 'baseball' peaked cap, McLean's 'Jamaican Olympic Visor' brings distinctively postcolonial meaning to the cultural profile of the heterotopic media space. Designing for the popular culture of Olympic sports, televised and broadcast to global audiences, brings new forms of agency to the fashion designer, and McLan's design deploys a style that is widely recognisable from other popular culture's film and TV depictions of workwear to mark the distinctive tradition of supremacy that black athletes bring to the European traditions of cultural heritage. Supplanting the Arcadian 'laurels' with which winners are, traditionally, crowned, McLean's visor design innovation, suggests that it is not impossible to challenge and transform apparently timeless hierarchies of power and supremacy, so that ex-slaves may also become victors. McLean's fashion designs all work within this reach of fashion towards the carnivalesque inversion of social orderliness through play, display and sartorial activism.

L'influence du degré d’acculturation et de la durée de résidence sur le comportement de consommation des immigrants arabo-musulmans au Québec

L'immigrant arabo-musulman chargé, à Montréal, Québec, Sherbrooke ou ailleurs, de responsabilités revêt le plus souvent le costume occidental et sur son lieu de travail adopte les attitudes, les gestes, les façons de voir et de parler du système de vie nord-américain. Il mange dans les restaurants à midi et parle parfois de hockey et de la série télévisée "Lance et compte" avec ses collègues. Le soir, en famille, il revêt fréquemment l'habit traditionnel et quitte, avec le vêtement du jour, la langue française souvent liée au travail pour parler celle de sa culture d'origine. Il mange du couscous et des briks. On observe avec cet exemple un cas concret d acculturation. Cependant, les arrivants dans une nouvelle culture, les Arabo—Musulmans au Québec par exemple, ne sont pas tous caractérisés par des comportements biculturels, résultats d'un processus d'ajustement entre deux cultures, la culture québécoise d'une part, et la culture arabo—musulmane d'autre part. Ainsi, on peut observer des immigrants dont le comportement public et privé tire ses principes et ses valeurs de l'unique culture d'origine. Cela atteint parfois un niveau de "fanatisme culturel"; on parle dans ce cas de contre-acculturation. Ceux-ci refusent la dépendance et tentent de réaliser le retour aux sources dans la culture d'origine à travers la langue de communication, les fêtes traditionnelles, le style de consommation, les produits consommés, etc. Ce comportement en est un d'opposition à l'acculturation. Par exemple, certaines immigrantes ont manifesté leur refus à l’'occidentalisation par le port de tchador, voile opaque masquant le visage, signe de la femme musulmane recluse, réservée à l'égard de son époux propriétaire exclusif et jaloux. On peut observer par ailleurs des immigrants arabo-musulmans dont le comportement social et de consommation ressemble de très près et se confond même avec celui des Québécois. On parle dans ce cas d'assimilation. Ainsi, n'a-t-on pas vu un certain Mohamed qui après un certain temps au Québec a changé de nom pour devenir Mike, un jeune qui parle le français avec un bon accent québécois, un fanatique du baseball et du hockey. En décidant de rester au Québec, Mohamed a rompu tout attachement avec son pays d'origine. Comme un nord-américain typique, il va magasiner toutes les fins de semaine, accompagné de sa femme québécoise, à la conquête des spéciaux de la semaine et rentre chez-lui très content d'avoir fait de bons achats. Il vide alors une ou deux caisses de bière à la santé de la belle vie que lui offre le Québec. Le comportement de consommation de l’émigrant dépend de sa situation, qu'il soit contre-acculturé, acculturé ou assimilé. Cette position varie dans la nouvelle culture selon son niveau d’acculturation. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous proposons d'étudier le comportement de consommation de 107 immigrants arabo-musulmans au Québec.

L’intégration de la responsabilité sociale des organisations sportives professionnelles : cas d’étude des Aigles de Trois-Rivières

L’objectif de cet essai est d’élaborer des suggestions pour l’application de pratiques volontaires de responsabilité sociale des organisations au sein d’une équipe sportive professionnelle de baseball de Trois-Rivières. Cet essai s’appuie sur une définition de la responsabilité sociale des organisations qui comprend quatre dimensions telles que la santé et la sécurité, l’éthique et la gouvernance, l’environnement et la relation avec la communauté. Dans le cadre des organisations sportives, l’application de la responsabilité sociale diffère, car elle peut être véhiculée par les ligues, les équipes ainsi que les athlètes. En ce sens, la nécessité d’outiller ce milieu pour permettre l’implantation et l’amélioration continue de pratiques responsables doit d’abord s’effectuer par l’identification des enjeux sectoriels. Suite à l’analyse des pratiques intégrant la responsabilité sociale de seize organisations sportives de différents domaines comme le hockey, le football, le soccer, le baseball et le basket-ball ainsi qu’une entrevue avec un athlète professionnel, huit enjeux sectoriels sont ressortis. Ceux-ci sont: la santé et la sécurité, les comportements éthiques, la réduction des impacts environnementaux générés lors des parties, la gouvernance axée sur la responsabilité sociale des organisations, la sensibilisation des parties prenantes, la protection de la biodiversité et de la nature, la promotion du sport, de l’éducation et de la santé et finalement, le soutien aux associations caritatives et aux groupes sociaux vulnérables. Cette analyse ainsi que l’étude des normes ISO 26 000 et BNQ 21 000 ont permis de créer une grille de maturité des pratiques de responsabilité sociale des organisations, dans le but de parvenir à un niveau jugé optimal. Cette grille est basée selon quatre niveaux d’avancement de pratiques responsables qui permettent de positionner les pratiques des Aigles de Trois-Rivières, une équipe de baseball évoluant dans une ligue professionnelle indépendante. Les conclusions de l’analyse des pratiques de cette équipe mettent en évidence leur positionnement caractérisé comme « stable ». Ainsi, plusieurs pistes de solutions découlent de cette analyse autour des dimensions telles que la gestion des matières résiduelles, la divulgation d’information RSE sur le site Internet, les déplacements des partisans, la sensibilisation des parties prenantes, les mesures préventives des blessures, l’opération du stade ainsi que les achats responsables.

The Amplifier - v. 12, no. 9

In this issue...College Days, Peace Corps, Baseball, Coast Guard, Drama Club, First Aid, Montana Institute of Art, The Anaconda Company, Butte Symphony, Student Opinion

The Amplifier - v. 15, no. 7

In this issue...Liberal Art Degree, Climbing Club, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Gary Lee Knudson, Wilhelm's Flower Shop, Marcus Daly, Baseball, Du Pont Research