Caracterização mineralógica de Latossolos em diferentes feições do relevo na região de Jaboticabal, SP

Different surface land form expressed by the relief can cause variations in soil properties in different magnitudes, depending mainly on a specific location in the landscape. Therefore, the objective of this study was to make the mineralogical characterization of Oxisols in different relief forms in the region of Jaboticabal, SP. Three trenches were opened in the convex, linear and concave landforms, done morphological description of the soil horizons and collected soil samples for physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization. It was found that the oxidic mineralogy is dependent on the type of landform, with the dominance of goethite on the concave landform and hematite on the linear landform. The desferrific clay minerals exhibited dominance of gibbsite in the concave, compared to convex and linear landforms that were dominated by the kaolinitic mineralogy.

Classificação numérica e modelo digital de elevação na caracterização espacial de atributos dos solos

One of needs of modern agriculture is the prediction of spatial variability of soil properties at more detailed scales for sustainable management and optimization of management practices. The mathematical model associated with knowledge of variability of soil attributes and mapping of relief forms has helped in agricultural planning. In this regard the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial variability of physical and chemical properties of Oxisols and Ultisols using numerical classification and the digital elevation model. Two distinct landforms: convex for the Oxisol (158 ha) and linear for the Ultisol (172 ha). 53 samples from the Oxisol and 57 samples from the Ultisol were taken. Multivariate analysis of clusters of attributes studied from their euclidean distances was performed. This analysis by dendograms along with digital elevation models for different soils characterized was more homogeneous in Ultisol groups, and less homogeneous for the Oxisol in convex landform. These quantitative methods showed that the landforms conditioned the spatial pattern of soil attributes.

Caracterização da curva de maturação de pêssegos 'Aurora-1', na região de Jaboticabal-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização de rizóbios indicados para produção de inoculantes por meio de sequenciamento parcial do 16S rRNA

O objetivo deste trabalho foi confrontar as sequências parciais do gene 16S rRNA de estirpes padrão de rizóbios com as de estirpes recomendadas para a produção de inoculantes no Brasil, com vistas à verificação da confiabilidade do sequenciamento parcial desse gene para a identificação rápida de estirpes. Foram realizados sequenciamentos através de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com iniciadores relativos à região codificadora do gene 16S rRNA entre as bactérias estudadas. Os resultados foram analisados pela consulta de similaridade de nucleotídeos aos do Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (Blastn) e por meio da interpretação de árvores filogenéticas geradas usando ferramentas de bioinformática. A classificação taxonômica das estirpes Semia recomendadas para inoculação de leguminosas com base em propriedades morfológicas e especificidade hospedeira não foi confirmada em todas as estirpes. A maioria das estirpes estudadas, consultadas no Blastn, é consistente com a classificação proposta pela construção de árvores filogenéticas das sequências destas estirpes, com base na similaridade pelo sequenciamento parcial do gene considerado.

Caracterização física e química de áreas mineradas pela extração de cassiterita

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as diferenças ocorridas, após a atividade da mineração de cassiterita, em uma área de floresta amazônica. As amostras foram coletadas, superficialmente, em área de mineração de cassiterita na Floresta Nacional do Jamari (RO), ao longo de uma linha compreendendo: floresta, capoeira, piso de lavra, área de deposição de rejeito seco e área de deposição de rejeito úmido. em cada situação descrita foram coletadas cinco amostras, que serviram como repetição, totalizando 25. Nas amostras coletadas foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas. O processo de extração de cassiterita promoveu alterações significativas nos atributos dos solos estudados. A matéria orgânica, o fósforo disponível, a densidade de partículas e a resistência à penetração foram os mais alterados pelo processo de supressão da vegetação original e extração do minério.

Desempenho de argamassas produzidas com agregados reciclados oriundos do resíduo de construção e demolição da Grande Natal-RN

The construction industry is responsible for generating a lot of waste because of their activities. Consequently, it is noticeable the occurrence of environmental problems in terms of its disposal in inappropriate places. Faced with this problem, some studies have been conducted with the aim of developing technologies and alternatives for recycling construction and demolition waste (CDW), motivated by the scarcity of natural resources and reduction of environmental problems generated. The research aims to characterize the recycled aggregates derived from construction and demolition waste (CDW) produced in the Greater Natal-RN and analyze the performance of mortar coating produced with recycled aggregates. The study includes the chemical , physical and microstructural characterization of recycled aggregates , as well as conducting microscopic analysis and laboratory tests in the fresh state (consistency index , water retention , bulk density and content of entrained air ) and in the hardened state ( compressive strength , tensile strength in bending , water absorption by immersion and capillary , mass density and void ratio ) for mortars produced from different levels of substitution of aggregates ( 0, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 %). The results were satisfactory, providing mortars produced with recycled aggregates, smaller mass density and dynamic modulus values as well as an increase in the rates of absorption and porosity. The tensile strength in bending and compression for TP1 (1:2:8) trait were lower for mortars produced with recycled aggregates and the best result was 20% for replacement. For the TP2 (1:8) mapping, there was an increase in resistance to traction and compression and the best result was for 100% replacement of natural aggregates by recycled. The experiments led to the conclusion that the technical and economic point of view that the mortars produced with recycled aggregates can be used in construction, only if there is an effective control in production processes of recycled aggregate and at the dosage of mortars

Caracterização de estruturas planares com substratos Iso/Anisotrópicos truncados através da técnica da ressonância transversa modificada

This work presents a theoretical and numerical analysis using the transverse resonance technique (TRT) and a proposed MTRT applied in the analysis of the dispersive characteristics of microstrip lines built on truncated isotropic and anisotropic dielectric substrates. The TRT uses the transmission lines model in the transversal section of the structure, allowing to analyze its dispersive behavior. The difference between TRT and MTRT consists basically of the resonance direction. While in the TRT the resonance is calculated in the same direction of the metallic strip normal axis, the MTRT considers the resonance in the metallic strip parallel plane. Although the application of the MTRT results in a more complex equivalent circuit, its use allows some added characterization, like longitudinal section electric mode (LSE) and longitudinal section magnetic mode (LSM), microstrips with truncated substrate, or structures with different dielectric regions. A computer program using TRT and MTRT proposed in this work is implemented for the characterization of microstrips on truncated isotropic and anisotropic substrates. In this analysis, propagating and evanescent modes are considered. Thus, it is possible to characterize both the dominant and higher order modes of the structure. Numerical results are presented for the effective permittivity, characteristic impedance and relative phase velocity for microstrip lines with different parameters and dimensions of the dielectric substrate. Agreement with the results obtained in the literature are shown, as well as experimental results. In some cases, the convergence analysis is also performed by considering the limiting conditions, like particular cases of isotropic materials or structures with dielectric of infinite size found in the literature. The numerical convergence of the formulation is also analyzed. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for the continuity of this work are presented

Caracterização físico-química, bioquímica e funcional da jabuticaba armazenada sob diferentes temperaturas

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de jabuticabas submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento refrigerado (AR). Após a colheita, os frutos fisiologicamente maduros foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido (EPS), revestidas por filme plástico de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) e armazenados sob refrigeração a 0; 3; 6; 9 e 12 ± 1ºC e U.R. 87 ± 2%, sendo avaliados a cada 5 dias. Os frutos foram avaliados quanto à perda de massa, atividade respiratória, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, ácido ascórbico, textura, pectina total e solúvel, atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase (PFO), compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante. Para frutos refrigerados a 9 e 12ºC, o pico respiratório atrasou em relação aos demais tratamentos, além de apresentarem as menores taxas respiratórias. O teor de sólidos solúveis aumentou com o tempo de armazenamento para todas as temperaturas, contudo, em 9 e 12ºC, esse aumento foi em menor proporção. A firmeza e o teor de ácido ascórbico também foram superiores nos frutos armazenados a 9 e 12ºC, enquanto os contéudos de pectina solúvel foram menores. Observou-se a diminuição da atividade da enzima PFO ao longo dos 30 dias do AR, independentemente da temperatura utilizada; entretanto, os menores valores foram encontrados nos frutos mantidos a 9 e 12ºC. Os frutos armazenados a 12ºC apresentaram os maiores conteúdos de compostos fenólicos totais e a maior atividade antioxidante ao final do experimento. Nesse sentido, a temperatura de 12ºC foi a mais efetiva na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita das jabuticabas.

Caracterização física do solo e desempenho operacional de máquinas agrícolas na implantação da cultura do sorgo forrageiro

Forage sorghum can be grown in areas presenting dry and hot environmental situations where the yield of other grasses can often be uneconomical. The objective of this study was to analyze the operating performance of agricultural machines in the deployment of sorghum forage in four tillage systems, as follows: no-tillage system, disk harrow + seeding, disk harrow + two light disking + seeding, minimum tillage + seeding and four seeding different speeds, as follows: 3, 5, 6 and 9 km h(-1). The study was performed under field conditions in FCA/UNESP, Botucatu County, SP, Brazil. The data were subjected to variance analysis in a simple factorial 4 x 4, and a random block design with split plots. Operational performance of the agricultural machinery, physical characteristics the soil, its water content and the yield of dry matter and green sorghum were determined. The operational performance of agricultural machines in the deployment of sorghum forage is influenced by the sowing speed and the soil tillage system used. Chisel plow was the equipment that required the highest mean traction force, mean traction and slip, as well as the lowest mean speed for the studied tillage system. Forage sorghum showed higher yields in no-tillage systems at a seeding speed of 5 km h(-1).

Caracterização numérica de antenas para aplicações RFID utilizando o método das ondas - WCIP

In recent years, the radio frequency identification technology (RFID) has gained great interest both industrial communities as scientific communities. Its ability to locate and monitor objects, animals and persons with active or passive tags allows easy development, with good cost-benefice and still presents undeniable benefits in applications ranging from logistics to healthcare, robotics, security, among others. Within this aspect what else comes excelling are RFID tags and the antennas used in RFID readers. Most tags have antennas omnidirectional and are usually manufactured as dipoles modified printed. The primary purpose of a project of antenna for tag is to achieve the required input impedance to perform a good marriage impedance with the load impedance of the chip. Already the objective principal in project of antennas for readers is to achieve reduced sizes and structures with good data transmission capacity. This work brings the numerical characterization of antennas for RFID applications, being these divided into tags RFID and antennas for RFID readers. Three tags RFID and two antennas for RFID readers, found in literature, are analyzed. The analysis of these structures is made using the Method of Waves - WCIP. Initial results found in the literature are compared with those obtained through simulations in WCIP with objective to show that the Method of Waves is able to analyze such structures. To illustrate the results obtained in simulations is presented the behavior of electric and magnetic fields. It also performed a literature review on the characteristics and principles of RFID technology. Suggestions for continuity to this work are presented

Receptores GPS de três precisões e estação total na caracterização de cotas básicas para projetos rurais

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar cotas de vértices de uma poligonal, considerando dados coletados por três diferentes receptores GPS, usando como testemunha uma estação total. Os dados foram obtidos em uma poligonal fechada, sendo posteriormente tratados pelo software Topograph. As cotas obtidas pelos três receptores foram confrontadas com aquelas calculadas a partir do levantamento com a estação total, mediante a aplicação do teste t, constatando-se que as mesmas foram satisfatórias para o equipamento GPS Trimble® 4600 LS. Para o equipamento GPS Trimble® modelo PRO XR, as cotas não foram totalmente satisfatórias, mas possíveis de serem consideradas em anteprojetos. Para o equipamento GPS Garmin® de navegação 12 XS, as cotas mostraram-se inaceitáveis para a finalidade estudada.

Caracterização de antenas planares com substrato metamaterial

This work presents a theoretical and numerical analysis for the radiation characteristics of rectangular microstrip antenna using metamaterial substrate. The full wave analysis is performed in the Fourier transform domain through the application of the Transverse Transmission Line - TTL method. A study on metamaterial theory was conducted to obtain the constructive parameters, which were characterized through permittivity and permeability tensors to arrive at a set of electromagnetic equations. The general equations for the electromagnetic fields of the antenna are developed using the Transverse Transmission Line - TTL method. Imposing the boundary conditions, the dyadic Green s function components are obtained relating the surface current density components at the plane of the patch to the electric field tangential components. Then, Galerkin s method is used to obtain a system of matrix equations, whose solution gives the antenna resonant frequency. From this modeling, it is possible to obtain numerical results for the resonant frequency and return loss for different configurations and substrates

Caracterização de superfícies seletivas de freqüência e de antenas fractais para aplicações em redes sem fio

This work aims to investigate the behavior of fractal elements in planar microstrip structures. In particular, microstrip antennas and frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) had changed its conventional elements to fractal shapes. For microstrip antennas, was used as the radiating element of Minkowski fractal. The feeding method used was microstrip line. Some prototypes were built and the analysis revealed the possibility of miniaturization of structures, besides the multiband behavior, provided by the fractal element. In particular, the Minkowski fractal antenna level 3 was used to exploit the multiband feature, enabling simultaneous operation of two commercial tracks (Wi-Fi and WiMAX) regulated by ANATEL. After, we investigated the effect of switches that have been placed on the at the pre-fractal edges of radiating element. For the FSSs, the fractal used to elements of FSSs was Dürer s pentagon. Some prototypes were built and measured. The results showed a multiband behavior of the structure provided by fractal geometry. Then, a parametric analysis allowed the analysis of the variation of periodicity on the electromagnetic behavior of FSS, and its bandwidth and quality factor. For numerical and experimental characterization of the structures discussed was used, respectively, the commercial software Ansoft DesignerTM and a vector network analyzer, Agilent N5230A model

Caracterização físico-química dos frutos de genótipos de bananeira produzidos em Botucatu-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização de circuitos planares de micro-ondas pelo método iterativo das ondas

The planar circuits are structures that increasingly attracting the attention of researchers, due the good performance and capacity to integrate with other devices, in the prototyping of systems for transmitting and receiving signals in the microwave range. In this context, the study and development of new techniques for analysis of these devices have significantly contributed in the design of structures with excellent performance and high reliability. In this work, the full-wave method based on the concept of electromagnetic waves and the principle of reflection and transmission of waves at an interface, Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP), or iterative method of waves is described as a tool with high precision study microwave planar circuits. The proposed method is applied to the characterization of planar filters, microstrip antennas and frequency selective surfaces. Prototype devices were built and the experimental results confirmed the proposed mathematical model. The results were also compared with simulated results by Ansoft HFSS, observing a good agreement between them.