Transferência de imunidade passiva em equinos: comportamento imunológico do recém nascido

O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar o comportamento imunológico de potros recém-nascidos das raças Mangalarga e Anglo-Árabe no que se refere ao processo de aquisição de anticorpos maternos e sua correlação com os níveis de imunoglobulina do colostro. Foram utilizados 7 potros Anglo-Árabe e 6 potros Mangalarga para amostragem de sangue imediatamente após o nascimento (antes de qualquer ingestão de colostro), 24 e 48 horas, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70 dias após o nascimento, e suas respectivas mães cujo colostro foi amostrado imediatamente após a parição, antes da primeira mamada. A quantificação das imunoglobulinas séricas foi efetuada pelo método do ZST (Zinc Sulfate Turbidity) e para a análise dos resultados foram testados modelos matemáticos que estudam o processo em questão. Para a raça Mangalarga o modelo matemático foi: y = 23,9274 - 0,39766x + 6,4675 10-3 x², com r = 0,91 e P < 0,01 e para a raça Anglo Árabe foi y = 34,161 - 0,756062x + 0,015604x² - 1,013 10-3 x³, com r = 0,96 e P < 0,05. A concentração de IgG do colostro foi estimada com base na concentração de proteína total avaliada pelo método Micro-Kjeldhal. Este estudo permitiu concluir: (1) a presença de maior quantidade de IgG (imunoglobulina G) passiva no sangue dos potros, retardou o estabelecimento dos níveis normais de Ig (imunoglobulina G + M+A+E); (2) animais que adquiriram menor quantidade de IgG passiva apresentaram resposta mais intensa de produção endógena de Ig; (3) a concentração estimada de IgG no colostro apresentou correlação positiva com a concentração sérica dos potros no pico da absorção.

Contribuição ao conhecimento dos crustaceos do Rio de Janeiro: Genero Uca (Decapoda: Ocypodidae)

This paper comprises: 1) A note on Systematists of fiddler crabs from the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, with its new species Uca olympioi, Uca salsisitus, and a new variety U. pugnax var. brasiliensis. 2) Female Uca characterization is easier and infuse certainness when we inquire her third maxillipod. 3) Redescriptions are made for type-locality animals at Rio de Janeiro and nearness. 4) Male characterization become possible through its maxillipod if we lose its quelipod. 5) A historical referendary originating into indigenous dialect « Guarany » about the name Uca and brasilian nicknames of the fiddler crabs. 6) A few Uca species from the Rio de Janeiro determinative keys asked after main distinctions among others species described over the world in paragraph « diagnose diferencial ». 7) A collected material catalogue and some mensurement tables.

Notes on Amazonian Bittacidae (Mecoptera) with the descriptions of two new species

New species of Issikiella and Nannobittacus are described and notes are presented on other Amazonian species of Mecoptera.

The susceptibility of wild caught sand flies to infection by a subspecies of Leishmania mexicana isolated from proechimys iheringi denigratus (Rodentia, echimyidae)

Several species of wild caught sand flies were collected in the same site where a subspecies of leishmania mexicana was isolated from the rodent Proechimys iheringi denigratus. The absence of natural infection in these sand flies permitted us to test, with relative assurance, the susceptibility of wild caught females to infection by this parasite. the success obtained in these experimental infections suggest that one or more of the sand fly species encountered in high numbers in the same site where the infected rodents were captured may be the vector(s) of this subspecies of l. mexicana.

Central banks and house prices in the run-up to the crisis

The financial crisis and the role played within it by fluctuations in house prices has reopened the debate about whether monetary policy should respond to asset prices. This paper investigates how the central banks of the euro area, the UK and the US considered, understood and responded to the trends in house prices in the six or seven years preceding the crisis, and how they have analysed those developments since the crisis. It suggests that these central banks, particularly the Anglo-Saxon ones, might have been able to take some useful action if they had devoted more intellectual resources to analysing the possible misalignments of house prices and been willing to act on them.

El parlar salat: descripció, àmbit geogràfic i ús

La recerca, que ha durat quatre anys (2004-2008), s’ha centrat en l’estudi del parlar salat, un subdialecte del català oriental que es caracteritza per una sola isoglossa: l’ús de l’article salat (es, sa), és a dir, l’element derivat del demostratiu llatí “ipse”. Aquesta varietat ―poc estudiada― no té un abast gaire definit. Se sol situar en una estreta franja del litoral de Girona, entre Blanes i Begur, i que, després, isoladament, reapareix a Cadaqués, on es manté amb més vigència. A banda que els estudis no estableixen els límits geogràfics del fenomen de manera precisa, es tenen indicis que el tret que defineix i dóna nom a la varietat es troba en un acusat procés de recessió i de pèrdua, ja que només l’empren persones d’edat avançada (en general, pescadors). La tesi concreta l’estat actual del parlar salat. També fixa la cronologia del canvi de l’article salat (és a dir, en quin moment s’ha substituït per l’article literari, el, la) i es decriuen els factors que l’han propiciat (migració, turisme, la pressió de l’estàndard, etc.). El parlar salat és un exemple de desdialectalització del català, atès que es verifica que el tret que el caracteritza va començar a caure en desús en dels anys cinquanta del segle passat i que, avui dia, pràcticament ja s’ha extingit (només es manté en parlants de Cadaqués nascuts després de 1983). Per tant, s’evidencia que cal replantejar-se l’actual divisió dialectal de la llengua catalana ja que el subdialecte estudiat no existeix.

Aspects of classification of Hemiptera hemocytes from six triatomine species

The objective of this work was to characterize, and compare different morphological types of hemocytes of Rhodnius prolixus, Rhodnius, Rhodnius neglectus, Triatoma infestans, Panstrongylus megistus, and Dipetalogaster maximus. This information provides the basis for studying the cellular immune systems of these insects. Seven morphological hemocyte types wereidentified by phase-contrast microscopy: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular cells, cytocytes, oenocytoids, adipohemocytes and giant cells. All seven types of hemocytes are not present in every species. For example, adipohemocytes and oenocytoids were not observed in P. megistus and P. infestans, and giant cells were rarely found in any of the species studied. The hemocytes of rhodnius and Dipetalogaster are more similar to each other than those from Triatoma and Panstrongylus which in turn closely resemble each other. Emphasis is placed on methodological problems arising in this work wicah are discussed in detail.

The distribution of agglutinins and lytic activity against Trypanosoma rangeli and erythrocytes in Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans tissue extracts and haemolymph

Haemolymph, heads, salivary glands, crops, midguts, hindguts, and Malpighian tubules from Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans were extracted in phosphate or Tris buffer saline with calcium, and tested for agglutination and lytic activities by microtitration against both vertebrateerythrocytes and cultured epimatigote forms of Trypanosoma rangeli. Haemagglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes was found in the crop, midgut and hindgut extracts of T. infestans but only in the haemolymph of R. prolixus. Higher titres of parasite agglutinins were found in R. prolixus haemolymph than T. infestans, whilst the converse occurred for the tissue extracts. In addition, the extracts of T. infestans salivary glands, but not those of R. prolixus, showed a trypanolytic activity that was heat-inactivated and was not abolished by pre-incubation with any of the sugars or glycoproteins tested. T. infestans, which is refractory to infection by T. rangeli, thus appears to contain a much wider distribution of agglutinating and trypanolytic factors in its tissues than the more susceptible species, R. prolixus

El parlar d'Ainet de Besan (Vallferrera)

Treball de recerca realitzat per una alumna d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. Aquest treball de recerca pretén situar el parlar català de la localitat d’Ainet de Besan, situada a la comarca del Pallars Sobirà, dins el marc geolingüístic que li pertoca, tot analitzant-ne el trets principals que el caracteritzen. ‘El parlar d’Ainet de Besan (Vallfarrera)’ suposa, primerament, la realització d’una anàlisi lingüística del material obtingut a partir d’entrevistes realitzades a informants de la localitat, que permeten el recull de tots aquells aspectes relacionats amb els tres grans blocs bàsics de la llengua: la fonètica, la morfologia i el lèxic. Tota la informació recopil•lada es contrasta amb la bibliografia consultada. En segon lloc, s’extreuen totes aquelles conclusions que permeten assolir l’objectiu principal de la recerca, és a dir, situar el parlar en un dialecte i un subdialecte catalans. A més a més, amb la realització d’aquest estudi s’ha pogut constatar el fenomen actual de la desaparició progressiva de molts trets de la varietat dialectal a la qual pertany el parlar analitzat, que és el pallarès.

Life histories and distribution of ostracods with depth in western Lake Geneva (Petit-Lac), Switzerland: A reconnaissance study

Because environmental conditions within a given basin are different for each season and at different water depth, knowledge of the life history and depth distribution of target species is important for environmental and palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on ostracod species assemblages and/or the geochemical compositions of their valves. In order to determine the distribution of species with depth as well as the life history of species from Lake Geneva, a one year sampling campaign of living ostracods was conducted at five sites (2, 5, 13, 33 and 70 m water depth) on a monthly basis in the Petit-Lac (western basin of Lake Geneva, Switzerland). Based on the results, the different species can be classified into three groups. Littoral taxa are found at 2 and 5 m water depth and include, in decreasing numbers of individuals, Cypridopsis vidua (O. F.Müller, 1776), Pseudocandona compressa (Koch, 1838), Limnocythere inopinata (Baird, 1843), Herpetocypris reptans (Baird, 1835), Potamocypris smaragdina (Vávra, 1891), Potamocypris similis (G. W. Müller, 1912), Plesiocypridopsis newtoni (Brady & Robertson, 1870), Prionocypris zenkeri (Chyzer & Toth, 1858) and Ilyocypris sp. Brady & Norman, 1889. Sublittoral species are found in a majority at 13 m water depth and to a lesser extend at 33 m water depth and include, in decreasing numbers of individuals, Fabaeformiscandona caudata (Kaufmann, 1900), Limnocytherina sanctipatricii, Candona candida (O. F. Müller, 1776) and Isocypris beauchampi (Paris, 1920). Profundal species are found equally at 13, 33 and 70 m water depth and includes, in decreasing numbers of individuals, Cytherissa lacustris (Sars, 1863), Candona neglecta Sars, 1887 and Cypria lacustris Lilljeborg, 1890. The occurrence of Limnocytherina sanctipatricii (Brady & Robertson, 1869) is restricted from late winter to late spring when temperatures are low, while C. vidua, L. inopinata, P. smaragdina, P. similis, P. newtoni and Ilyocypris sp. occur predominantly from spring to early autumn when temperatures are high. Individuals of C. neglecta, C. candida, F. caudata, P. compressa, C. lacustris, H. reptans and Cp. lacustris occur throughout the year with juveniles and adults occurring during the same period (C. neglecta at 70 m, C. lacustris at 13, 33 and 70 m, and H. reptans at 2, 5 and 13 m water depth) or with juveniles occurring during a different period of the year than adults (C. neglecta at 13 and 33 m and C. candida, F. caudata and P. compressa at their respective depth of occurrence). Among the environmental parameters investigated, an estimate of the relationship between ostracod autoecology and environmental parameters suggests that in the Petit-Lac: (i) water temperature and substrate characteristics are important factors controlling the distribution of species with depth, (ii) water temperature is also important for determining the timing of species development and, hence, its specific life history, and (iii) water oxygen and sedimentary organic matter content is less important compared to the other environmental parameter monitored.

Traduir la Terra Mitjana: la traducció de referents culturals i jocs de paraules en "El Senyor dels anells"

RESUM: En aquest treball de recerca s’han analitzat els referents culturals i els jocs de paraules que apareixen en l’obra El senyor dels anells. Com a reflexió inicial em baso en la hipòtesi que la caracterització de hòbbits, ents i homes, tres races que apareixen en la Terra Mitjana, el món secundari creat per Tolkien, es nodreix, a banda d’altres elements, de jocs de paraules i referents culturals britànics. És fonamental que aquesta afirmació sigui tinguda en compte en l’acte de traducció per respectar la intenció de J. R. R. Tolkien, que en aquesta obra buscava també la creació d’una mitologia britànica versemblant, com si de veritat la Terra Mitjana hagués constituït el passat real del nostre planeta amb els avantpassats britànics com a protagonistes. La composició d’aquest estudi es divideix en: (1) característiques de la literatura fantàstica; (2) aspectes relacionats amb l’autor des de dues vessants: l’una com a acadèmic i l’altra com a escriptor i creador; (3) teoria de la traducció de referents culturals i de jocs de paraules; i (4) corpus de 144 termes extrets del text de sortida analitzats i traduïts a partir de fitxes de traducció. Puc concloure que s’ha demostrat la hipòtesi que em plantejava: els referents culturals i els jocs de paraules són recursos actius en El senyor dels anells i una bona anàlisi d’aquests camps és pertinent per comprendre la magnitud de l’imaginari de J. R. R. Tolkien i realitzar una traducció respectuosa amb la intencionalitat de l’autor. El senyor dels anells és una fairy-story, una obra de fantasia, una fugida de la realitat consensuada (Tolkien no s’amaga d’aquesta fugida i la veu positiva) en què els elements propis del món primari (la cultura britànica i comunitats antigues com l’anglosaxona, la celta o l’escandinava) i del món secundari (els personatges que habiten la Terra Mitjana en el marc temporal de la Tercera Edat) funcionen d’acord amb els principis dels dos móns. Considero que el procés seguit tant en la metodologia, com en l’elaboració dels continguts, com en la traducció dels termes analitzats a través de les fitxes és positiu i útil. Aquesta sistematització del procés i el resultat final poden ser rellevants per a la comunitat traductora, tant per al futur traductor com per al professional.

Youth of the Eighties, Parents of 2000, Sociological Observations

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) This book is meant to honour the Belgian religious educationalist Herman Lombaerts reflecting on his legacy. He is internationally renowned as a scholar with a strong commitment to and a conceptual analysis of the social and cultural context in which people live and learn. This series of essays is build upon a thought provoking, streamlined design on the relationship between theology and education, relying on Lombaerts' societal and cultural analysis of contemporary religious education. Three key elements are at stake: the self-agency of the learner, the hermeneutic and communitive interpretation of religious traditions in the teaching of religion, and the radical re-imagination of Christian theology relying on this new model of religious educational praxis. For Lombaerts, the search processes of religious people have their own dynamic and dignity. Practical theology should listen carefully and empathetically to this quest. But he is also convinced of the need of solid fundamental research to understand critically its ambiguities and perspectives. Scholars from Europe, the United States and Australia lead the way in this process of "conceptual stretching". Issues such as happiness of children, identity formation of youth, educational and religious insecurity of parents, multi-faith education, tradition crisis of churches, theological education of lay ministers, narrativity and modern art in religious education, etc. are examined from a practical theological point of view, with a strong commitment to the philosophical, psychological, sociological, educational and political dimensions of three issues. With this book the editors hope to commemorate Lombaerts' international radiation, by building a collegial bridge between the different theoretical approaches in the German, Dutch, French, Italian and Anglo-Saxon religious educational research.

Genre, médecine et santé : quelques repères

Bien établie dans le monde anglo-saxon, l'approche "genre" en médecine semble encore peu connue des médecins suisses. Après avoir évoqué les principales initiatives ayant permis le développement de ce domaine en Suisse, cet article retrace de quelle manière, à partir des années 1970, les sciences sociales ont distingué ce qui relève du social (le genre) de ce qui relève du biologique (le sexe) dans l'analyse du statut réservé aux femmes et aux hommes; distinction officiellement reprise deux décennies plus tard en médecine. La présentation des principales étapes historiques ayant permis l'émergence du domaine "Gender Health-Gender Medicine" se clôt sur un portrait de cette approche dont la pertinence se voit soulignée en ce début de 21e siècle par l'OMS, comme par d'autres instances officielles.