The post-financial crisis challenges for corporate governance and banking reform in China

The purpose of this paper is to review the impact of the global financial crisis on banking reform in China. The significant doubt concerning the efficiencies of Anglo-American model of corporate governance has raised a critical political question amongst scholars and practitioners as to whether China should continue to follow the U.K.-U.S. path in relation to financial reform. This conceptual paper provides an insightful review of the corporate governance literature and regulatory reports. After examining the fundamental limitations of the laissez-faire philosophy that underpins the neo-liberal model of capitalism, which promotes greater liberalization and less control, the paper considers the risks in opening China’s financial markets and relaxing monetary and fiscal policies. A critique of shareholder-capitalism is outlined in relation to the German’s “social market economy” styled capitalism. Through such analysis the paper explores a number of implications for China to consider in terms of developing a new and sustainable corporate governance model applicable to the Chinese context.

Paying for long-term performance: restructuring bankers’ pay for risk regulation

The purpose of this paper is to propose hybrid capital securities as a new approach to compensation for senior bank executives and risk-takers instead of cash or equity-based compensation currently adopted by the industry. The global financial turmoil indicated that misaligned pay-for-performance compensation arrangements encouraged management short-termism and rewarded excessive risk-taking behaviour in Anglo-Saxon system. Rather than regulating specific instruments and processes, we believe that it is much more efficient to overhaul the compensation scheme to align it with risk management and governance. This empirical paper investigates the European hybrid market by employing data from the Merrill Lynch Global Index System from 2000 to 2010. Our paper contributes to both literature and practices by designing a structured scheme to tie the executive’s interests to long-term performance of the bank, the goal of regulators and the economy at large which consequently reduce the probability of future bank failures.

Western Britain in late antiquity

The relevance of the concept of ‘Late Antiquity’ to fifth- and sixth-century Western Britain is demonstrated with reference to the archaeology of the British kingdom of Dumnonia, and then used to reinterpret portable material culture. Themes discussed include the dating of Palestinian amphorae in Britain, the extent of the settlement at Tintagel, tin as a motivation for Byzantine trade, the re-use of Roman-period artefacts, and ‘Anglo-Saxon’ artefacts on Western British sites. The central paradoxes of Late Antiquity: simultaneous conservatism and fluidity, continuity and innovation, are seen to illuminate ‘Dark Age’ Britain and offer new avenues for future research.

Finding vikings in the Danelaw

Historical, artefactual and place-name evidence indicates that Scandinavian migrants moved to eastern England in the ninth century AD, settling in the Danelaw. However, only a handful of characteristically Scandinavian burials have been found in the region. One, widely held, explanation is that most of these Scandinavian settlers quickly adopted local Christian burial customs, thus leaving Scandinavians indistinguishable from the Anglo-Saxon population. We undertook osteological and isotopic analysis to investigate the presence of first-generation Scandinavian migrants. Burials from Masham were typical of the later Anglo-Saxon period and included men, women and children. The location and positioning of the four adult burials from Coppergate, however, are unusual for Anglo-Scandinavian York. None of the skeletons revealed interpersonal violence. Isotopic evidence did not suggest a marine component in the diet of either group, but revealed migration on a regional, and possibly an international, scale. Combined strontium and oxygen isotope analysis should be used to investigate further both regional and Scandinavian migration in the later Anglo-Saxon period.

Global properties of `ordinary` early-type galaxies: photometry and spectroscopy of stars and globular clusters in NGC 4494

We present a comprehensive analysis of the spatial, kinematic and chemical properties of stars and globular clusters (GCs) in the `ordinary` elliptical galaxy NGC 4494 using data from the Keck and Subaru telescopes. We derive galaxy surface brightness and colour profiles out to large galactocentric radii. We compare the latter to metallicities derived using the near-infrared Calcium Triplet. We obtain stellar kinematics out to similar to 3.5 effective radii. The latter appear flattened or elongated beyond similar to 1.8 effective radii in contrast to the relatively round photometric isophotes. In fact, NGC 4494 may be a flattened galaxy, possibly even an S0, seen at an inclination of similar to 45 degrees. We publish a catalogue of 431 GC candidates brighter than i(0) = 24 based on the photometry, of which 109 are confirmed spectroscopically and 54 have measured spectroscopic metallicities. We also report the discovery of three spectroscopically confirmed ultra-compact dwarfs around NGC 4494 with measured metallicities of -0.4 less than or similar to [Fe/H] less than or similar to -0.3. Based on their properties, we conclude that they are simply bright GCs. The metal-poor GCs are found to be rotating with similar amplitude as the galaxy stars, while the metal-rich GCs show marginal rotation. We supplement our analysis with available literature data and results. Using model predictions of galaxy formation, and a suite of merger simulations, we find that many of the observational properties of NGC 4494 may be explained by formation in a relatively recent gas-rich major merger. Complete studies of individual galaxies incorporating a range of observational avenues and methods such as the one presented here will be an invaluable tool for constraining the fine details of galaxy formation models, especially at large galactocentric radii.

"Vox Populi, Vox Dei" - A Discussion of Dissent Within the Modern Catholic Church

The final question is: what happens in the meantime? Is it effective to dissent while conservatives hold power and clearty are not about to make any major changes? What good does it do to repeatedly bang one's head against the wall when progress is not being made? There is no one simple answer to this question, but rather several applicable ones. The first possible answer is that dissent currently does little good. The conservative hierarchy is still the dominant force within Catholicism. This hierarchy has made a habit, evidenced by the birth control debate, of pressing its conservative agenda despite popular opposition. Many people think, that if this hierarchy has not given in to the mass of opinion against it yet, dissent is futile and useless. Why argue with someone who does not listen to your argument?

Opening the Windows of the Church to the World: The Creation of Nostra Aetate and Its Impact on the Christian-Jewish relationship

It is important to assert that this study is not a work to inflict guilt on the Catholics or Catholicism for their silence and indifference during the Holocaust. Instead, this study is about the process of moving on from the Catholic Church's past to where the Jewish community's theological existence was finally recognized and the Jewish people were no longer seen as the Others who killed Christ. This was, achieved through a church declaration titled Nostra Aetate (In Our Time). This study records the journey traversed by this declaration, the insurmountable odds it faced in its creation until its promulgation and the impact it has on the Jewish-Christian relationship.

Carismáticos luteranos e católicos : uma abordagem comparativa da performance dos rituais

Esta dissertação procura compreender como a performance ritual contribui na elaboração e sustentação do ethos carismático em duas distintas instituições religiosas: a Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil e a Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana. Para isso, procuro verificar que recursos de performance são acionados no ritual de cada um destes grupos carismáticos. Centro a análise na compreensão de como os artificios da performance agem sobre os participantes do ritual. A fim de alcançar este entendimento, são usados os pressupostos de teorias sobre ritual e performance. Além de estudar o fenômeno supracitado nas duas igrejas separadamente, esta dissertação propõe uma análise comparativa entre as mesmas. O trabalho foi construído com base na pesquisa etnográfica realizada junto a comunidades carismáticas das instituições religiosas em referência, situadas em algumas cidades da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre.

A organização do reparo iniciado e levado a cabo pelo outro na conversa cotidiana e na sala de aula tradicional em português brasileiro

Os estudos seminais em Análise da Conversa são originários e estão amplamente difundidos nos Estados Unidos e, assim, grande parte de suas asserções está baseada em estudos feitos com anglo-americanos, mas as descrições da organização do sistema de troca de turnos e do reparo têm a pretensão de serem universais. Então, neste trabalho, analiso ocorrências de uma das trajetórias de reparo – o reparo iniciado e levado a cabo pelo outro – com dados de fala-em-interação em português brasileiro, para verificar se o sistema opera da mesma forma que nos trabalhos seminais. Dentre as trajetórias de reparo, o reparo iniciado e levado a cabo pelo outro – fenômeno muito próximo da correção – é o mais despreferido e, conseqüentemente, mais raro na conversa cotidiana. Isso se dá porque o reparo geralmente se presta para garantir o estabelecimento da compreensão mútua entre os participantes, mas, no caso dessa trajetória, ele é dificilmente justificável nesse sentido, e serve, muitas vezes, como um exercício de controle social sobre o outro. Contudo, essa noção de preferência do reparo dá conta apenas de dados em conversa cotidiana. Na sala de aula tradicional, por exemplo, um ambiente institucional, há uma diferença de status de conhecimento entre os interagentes, as relações são assimétricas, e não se configura a despreferência deste tipo de reparo, pois a correção faz parte do modus operandi desse ambiente. Tendo confirmado a adequação da descrição do sistema de reparo às ocorrências de reparo iniciado e levado a cabo pelo outro em dados de conversa cotidiana em português brasileiro, o estudo concentra a sua análise na descrição da ocorrência do fenômeno em sala de aula, e discute as possíveis implicações político-pedagógicas relacionadas a essa prática tão comum nesse ambiente, mas tão despreferida na conversa cotidiana.

Estudo da utilização de uma ferramenta para construção de programas em português em disciplinas básicas de ensino de programação

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar e estudar a aplicação de uma ferramenta chamada PCP – Pseudo-Compilador Portugol, criada para auxiliar estudantes de programação a aprimorar o raciocínio lógico e a criar programas estruturados, sem que precisem se preocupar com comandos e instruções em Inglês ou tenham conhecimento de uma linguagem de programação específica. Por ser uma ferramenta que usa somente palavras do nosso idioma, os alunos podem direcionar todo o seu raciocínio no entendimento e resolução do problema em forma de algoritmo. O estudo experimental realizado neste trabalho pretende analisar e comparar o aprendizado entre grupos de alunos de disciplinas de programação utilizando e não utilizando esta ferramenta. Além de acompanhar o desempenho dos alunos, pretende também coletar informações durante as baterias de testes e obter as opiniões dos mesmos em relação ao PCP, no que se refere às facilidades, dificuldades, pontos positivos e falhas apresentadas. Este estudo é apresentado em duas etapas, com oito baterias de teste em cada uma. Na primeira etapa foram selecionados alunos do Curso de Ciência da Computação da UNIGRAN, em Dourados-MS; na segunda etapa foram selecionados alunos da Escola Anglo Decisivo. Estas duas etapas possibilitam a análise do aprendizado proporcionado pela ferramenta com alunos que já têm alguma noção de programação e com alunos que não tiveram nenhum contato com o desenvolvimento de programas.