ERYTHROGRAM PROFILE DURING POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN HOLSTEIN COWS

With the intention to evaluate the erythrogram profile during postpartum period in Holstein cows, 142 blood samples were collected from cows during the first 90 days after parturition. Blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cows that were non-reactive to the antigen of bovine leukosis virus (GP 51). These animals were divided into nine experimental groups based on the time of the postpartum sample collection. The blood samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to the following tests: erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration and calculated blood indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC). There was influence of the postpartum period on the erythrogram. These alterations were observed during the first 24 h after parturition. The hemoconcentration observed during the parturition disappeared during the first 24h of postpartum. Variation of the values were observed: red blood, 5.08 +/- 0.60 and 6.11 +/- 0.72 cells /mu L; hemoglobin concentration, 9.85 +/- 1.6 and 11.46 +/- 1,40 g/dL; packed cell volume, 27.9 +/- 3.3 and 31.9 +/- 3.6 %; MVC, 50.10 +/- 5.90 and 55.27 +/- 6.88 fL; MHC, 18.19 +/- 1.63 and 19.50 +/- 2.76 pg; MCHC, 34.83 +/- 2.07 and 36.88 +/- 1.67 %. The values of the hematological components obtained in this study did not exceed the limits of the reference values, obtained from cows raised within the state of Sao Paulo.

Precisiones a algunos epígrafes latinos de la provincia de Soria

[ES] Este artículo recoge las correcciones y adiciones a un conjunto de inscripciones latinas procedentes de la provincia de Soria, que han sido publicadas en los últimos años en diversas monografías y artículos de investigación.

Regulation of SRC-3 localization and dynamics by phosphorylation during ERα-dependent transcriptional activation

Transcription is controlled by promoter-selective transcriptional factors (TFs), which bind to cis-regulatory enhancers elements, termed hormone response elements (HREs), in a specific subset of genes. Regulation by these factors involves either the recruitment of coactivators or corepressors and direct interaction with the basal transcriptional machinery (1). Hormone-activated nuclear receptors (NRs) are well characterized transcriptional factors (2) that bind to the promoters of their target genes and recruit primary and secondary coactivator proteins which possess many enzymatic activities required for gene expression (1,3,4). In the present study, using single-cell high-resolution fluorescent microscopy and high throughput microscopy (HTM) coupled to computational imaging analysis, we investigated transcriptional regulation controlled by the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), in terms of large scale chromatin remodeling and interaction with the associated coactivator SRC-3 (Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3), a member of p160 family (28) primary coactivators. ERalpha is a steroid-dependent transcriptional factor (16) that belongs to the NRs superfamily (2,3) and, in response to the hormone 17-ß estradiol (E2), regulates transcription of distinct target genes involved in development, puberty, and homeostasis (8,16). ERalpha spends most of its lifetime in the nucleus and undergoes a rapid (within minutes) intranuclear redistribution following the addition of either agonist or antagonist (17,18,19). We designed a HeLa cell line (PRL-HeLa), engineered with a chromosomeintegrated reporter gene array (PRL-array) containing multicopy hormone response-binding elements for ERalpha that are derived from the physiological enhancer/promoter region of the prolactin gene. Following GFP-ER transfection of PRL-HeLa cells, we were able to observe in situ ligand dependent (i) recruitment to the array of the receptor and associated coregulators, (ii) chromatin remodeling, and (iii) direct transcriptional readout of the reporter gene. Addition of E2 causes a visible opening (decondensation) of the PRL-array, colocalization of RNA Polymerase II, and transcriptional readout of the reporter gene, detected by mRNA FISH. On the contrary, when cells were treated with an ERalpha antagonist (Tamoxifen or ICI), a dramatic condensation of the PRL-array was observed, displacement of RNA Polymerase II, and complete decreasing in the transcriptional FISH signal. All p160 family coactivators (28) colocalize with ERalpha at the PRL-array. Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3/AIB1/ACTR/pCIP/RAC3/TRAM1) is a p160 family member and a known oncogenic protein (4,34). SRC-3 is regulated by a variety of posttranslational modifications, including methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation (4,35). These events have been shown to be important for its interaction with other coactivator proteins and NRs and for its oncogenic potential (37,39). A number of extracellular signaling molecules, like steroid hormones, growth factors and cytokines, induce SRC-3 phosphorylation (40). These actions are mediated by a wide range of kinases, including extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1-2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 MAPK, and IkB kinases (IKKs) (41,42,43). Here, we report SRC-3 to be a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, whose cellular localization is regulated by phosphorylation and interaction with ERalpha. Using a combination of high throughput and fluorescence microscopy, we show that both chemical inhibition (with U0126) and siRNA downregulation of the MAP/ERK1/2 kinase (MEK1/2) pathway induce a cytoplasmic shift in SRC-3 localization, whereas stimulation by EGF signaling enhances its nuclear localization by inducing phosphorylation at T24, S857, and S860, known partecipants in the regulation of SRC-3 activity (39). Accordingly, the cytoplasmic localization of a non-phosphorylatable SRC-3 mutant further supports these results. In the presence of ERalpha, U0126 also dramatically reduces: hormone-dependent colocalization of ERalpha and SRC-3 in the nucleus; formation of ER-SRC-3 coimmunoprecipitation complex in cell lysates; localization of SRC-3 at the ER-targeted prolactin promoter array (PRL-array) and transcriptional activity. Finally, we show that SRC-3 can also function as a cotransporter, facilitating the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of estrogen receptor. While a wealth of studies have revealed the molecular functions of NRs and coregulators, there is a paucity of data on how these functions are spatiotemporally organized in the cellular context. Technically and conceptually, our findings have a new impact upon evaluating gene transcriptional control and mechanisms of action of gene regulators.

Prototipos femeninos en el primer Quijote: Dorotea y la novela bizantina

[ES]Los personajes femeninos en El Quijote han sido clasificados de acuerdo con criterios de diversa índole. En este trabajo, proponemos una clasificación según la tipología narrativa del Renacimiento. Principalmente, profundizaremos en la caracterización de Dorotea a partir de los rasgos propios de la novela bizantina.

La subordinación oracional: del esbozo a la Nueva Gramática

[ES]En este trabajo me he propuesto mostrar la evolución que en la clasificación de las oraciones subordinadas ha experimentado la Real Academia Española en las ediciones del Esbozo de una nueva gramática de la lengua española y de la Nueva Gramática de la lengua española.

Lenguaje y sacralidad

[ES]En el presente ensayo se reflexiona sobre la dimensión sagrada del lenguaje (y cómo debe enterderse tal dimensión) haciendo un breve recorrido por alguno de sus aspectos más notorios. Mostramos cómo esta sacralidad sin la cual la palabra no es ya palabra, expuesta siempre a todo tipo de negaciones, se encuentra en situación crítica en la modernidad.

Frecuencia de los formantes de las vocales medias en sílaba final de palabra con elisión de -/s/: un estudio con materiales de la norma culta de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

[ES]El propósito de este artículo es comprobar si la supresión de -/s/ final de palabra condiciona la articulación de las vocales medias pronunciadas por hablantes con estudios universitarios de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Para ello, no solo se calculan las frecuencias de los formantes de /e/ y /o/ y se establecen sus campos de dispersión, sino que, además, se examina si la información gramatical de la consonante elidida o los factores sexo y edad pueden influir en la altura frecuencial de los formantes.

Quimeras de oriente: Edith Wharton en Marruecos

[ES]En In Morocco (1919), Edith Wharton relata la crónica de un viaje realizado por el Marruecos colonial de finales de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Con el sentido del tiempo que le inspira el paisaje magrebí, Wharton reinterpreta la historia de Marruecos acercándonos un país con un pasado que parece estar vivo. Su recorrido presenta una doble vertiente: por un lado, Wharton no pierde detalle de las imágenes de miseria y sordidez que forman parte de los estereotipos coloniales del viajero occidental; por otro, el romance que encierra In Morocco, el crisol orientalista y la visión de Las mil y una noches que se percibe en su impresiones, revisten el relato de una mirada mágica y fantasiosa que difiere de la realidad del país.

Effect of systemic tetracycline on the degradation of tetracycline-impregnated bilayered collagen membranes: an animal study

BACKGROUND: Premature collagen membrane degradation may compromise the outcome of osseous regenerative procedures. Tetracyclines (TTCs) inhibit the catalytic activities of human metalloproteinases. Preprocedural immersion of collagen membranes in TTC and systemic administration of TTC may be possible alternatives to reduce the biodegradation of native collagen membranes. AIM: To evaluate the in vivo degradation of collagen membranes treated by combined TTC immersion and systemic administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight bilayered porcine collagen membrane disks were divided into three groups and were immersed in 0, 50, or 100 mg/mL TTC solution. Three disks, one of each of the three groups, were implanted on the calvaria of each of 26 Wistar rats. Thirteen (study group) were administered with systemic TTC (10 mg/kg), while the remaining 13 received saline injections (control group). Calvarial tissues were retrieved after 3 weeks, and histological sections were analyzed by image analysis software. RESULTS: Percentage of remaining collagen area within nonimpregnated membranes was 52.26 ± 20.67% in the study group, and 32.74 ± 13.81% in the control group. Immersion of membranes in 100 mg/mL TTC increased the amount of residual collagen to 63.46 ± 18.19% and 42.82 ± 12.99% (study and control groups, respectively). Immersion in 50 mg/mL TTC yielded maximal residual collagen values: 80.75 ± 14.86% and 59.15 ± 8.01% (study and control groups, respectively). Differences between the TTC concentrations, and between the control and the study groups were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Immersion of collagen membranes in TTC solution prior to their implantation and systemic administration of TTC significantly decreased the membranes' degradation.

The Johann Jacob Wepfer Award 2012 of the European Stroke Conference to Professor Louis R. Caplan

No abstract available.

Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010

The volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland in April and May 2010 was detected in clear layers above Switzerland during two periods (17–19 April 2010 and 16–19 May 2010). In-situ measurements of the airborne volcanic plume were performed both within ground-based monitoring networks and with a research aircraft up to an altitude of 6000 m a.s.l. The wide range of aerosol and gas phase parameters studied at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) allowed for an in-depth characterization of the detected volcanic aerosol. Both the data from the Jungfraujoch and the aircraft vertical profiles showed a consistent volcanic ash mode in the aerosol volume size distribution with a mean optical diameter around 3 ± 0.3 μm. These particles were found to have an average chemical composition very similar to the trachyandesite-like composition of rock samples collected near the volcano. Furthermore, chemical processing of volcanic sulfur dioxide into sulfate clearly contributed to the accumulation mode of the aerosol at the Jungfraujoch. The combination of these in-situ data and plume dispersion modeling results showed that a significant portion of the first volcanic aerosol plume reaching Switzerland on 17 April 2010 did not reach the Jungfraujoch directly, but was first dispersed and diluted in the planetary boundary layer. The maximum PM10 mass concentrations at the Jungfraujoch reached 30 μgm−3 and 70 μgm−3 (for 10-min mean values) duri ng the April and May episode, respectively. Even low-altitude monitoring stations registered up to 45 μgm−3 of volcanic ash related PM10 (Basel, Northwestern Switzerland, 18/19 April 2010). The flights with the research aircraft on 17 April 2010 showed one order of magnitude higher number concentrations over the northern Swiss plateau compared to the Jungfraujoch, and a mass concentration of 320 (200–520) μgm−3 on 18 May 2010 over the northwestern Swiss plateau. The presented data significantly contributed to the time-critical assessment of the local ash layer properties during the initial eruption phase. Furthermore, dispersion models benefited from the detailed information on the volcanic aerosol size distribution and its chemical composition.