La problemática del saber en el Libro de Alexandre : Conocimiento, conquista y dominio

El propósito de la presentación será proponer una triple vertiente del saber (clerical-letrado, guerrero y real) que observamos en el personaje de Alejandro Magno y en la concepción que subyace en el Libro de Alexandre (a partir de aserciones, también, del narrador y otros personajes), en tanto testimonio de la emergencia de la literatura castellana a comienzos del siglo XIII. Asimismo, tendremos en cuenta y analizaremos el rol del saber en la legitimación de una empresa imperial y el lugar de la conquista, como 'corredora de límites', que permite la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos. En este sentido, haremos hincapié en la utilización del saber como instrumento de poder

Recenção do livro de Alexandre Dorna, Fondements de Psychologie Politique

Comentário e análise do livro "Fondements de psychologie politique" do autor francês A. Dorna.

Uma ou duas gramáticas de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE)? A New Portuguese Grammar in Four Parts (Londres, 1768), de António Vieira, e a Nouvelle Gramma ire Portugaise (Paris, 1810), de Alexandre Marie Sané

Serão visadas, neste artigo, as gramáticas A New Portuguese Grammar in four parts (Londres, 1768), de António Vieira, e Nouvelle Grammaire Portugaise (Paris, 1810), de Alexandre Marie Sané, esta considerada à época uma simples tradução francesa daquela, que é um marco dos estudos gramaticais de PLE. Pretende-se analisar esta relação entre as duas obras, evidenciada por G. Hamonière e até hoje não discutida; por outro lado, analisar o contexto específico de edição, redacção e concepção em que se situam as gramáticas de línguas estrangeiras, contexto que difere (do ponto de vista didáctico, teórico e historiográfico) da restante produção gramatical em língua materna.

Sobrepeso e Obesidade: uma realidade na Estratégia Saúde da Família Vila Alexandre Mascarenhas/MG

Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um plano de ação para motivar os obesos e portadores de sobrepeso da ESF Vila a adotarem hábitos saudáveis de vida como forma de minimizar os efeitos negativos da obesidade e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Neste estudo foram selecionados os seguintes nós críticos: nível de informação; alimentação inadequada; estilo de vida sedentário e; processo de trabalho inadequado da equipe. Baseado nesses nós críticos foram propostas as seguintes ações de enfrentamento: palestras com objetivo de informar sobre os fatores de risco associados a obesidade e sobre hábitos saudáveis de alimentação; criação de grupos de caminhada para reduzir o número de sedentários e implantação de ações de monitoramento dos portadores de sobrepeso e obesidade para um melhor acompanhamento dos mesmos.

Melhorias na atenção à saúde das crianças de 0 a 72 meses – programa de puericultura na UBS Antônia Alexandre de Holanda, no município de Chorozinho, no interior do Ceará

A infância é um período em que se desenvolve grande parte das potencialidades humanas. Os distúrbios que incidem nessa época são responsáveis por graves consequências para indivíduos e comunidades (BRASIL, 2009). Visando-se incrementar a capacidade resolutiva dos serviços de saúde na atenção à criança, orienta-se o desenvolvimento de atividades de atenção sob os aspectos biológico, afetivo, psíquico e social, e priorizando ações básicas de saúde. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo melhorar a atenção à saúde das crianças de 0 a 72 meses de idade na comunidade de Chorozinho, CE. A puericultura era praticada apenas até os 24 meses, e sem ações de monitoramento. Foi, então, elaborado um projeto de intervenção onde foram propostas ações dispostas em quatro eixos de trabalho: organização e gestão do serviço, monitoramento e acompanhamento, engajamento publico e qualificação da prática clínica, a ser desenvolvido de outubro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014, e, posteriormente, incorporado à rotina da unidade de saúde. Durante este período foram cadastradas 51 crianças, chegando a uma cobertura de 27,6% no programa, sendo estruturado o acompanhamento através do monitoramento do crescimento e desenvolvimento, assim como a verificação do quadro vacinal das crianças. Conseguiu-se estabelecer que os recém-nascidos no período realizassem a primeira consulta de puericultura em até 15 dias de vida e que o teste do pezinho fosse realizado ate o 7o dia de vida. Através do protocolo do Ministério da Saúde o calendário das consultas de puericultura conforme a faixa etária foi implementado como rotina na UBS e os profissionais de saúde estão comprometidos para que todas as ações desenvolvidas tenham continuidade no serviço.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na ESF José Alexandre Záchia, Passo Fundo/RS

PEREZ, Dorellys Reyes. Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na ESF José Alexandre Záchia, Passo Fundo/RS. 2015. 70f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. Realizou-se uma intervenção onde a ação programática foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus, por serem duas doenças muitos frequentes nas comunidades. Destaca-se que inicialmente a cobertura da atenção aos hipertensos e diabéticos na unidade era baixa 67% para hipertensos, pois dos 1.418 eram acompanhados 957 e para diabéticos a cobertura era de 31%, já que dos 405 estimados apenas 126 eram acompanhados. O objetivo desse trabalho foi melhorar a atenção à saúde das pessoas com hipertensão e/ou diabetes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família José Alexandre Záchia, Passo Fundo/RS, no período de 12 semanas. Participaram da nossa intervenção usuários com hipertensão e diabetes residentes na área de abrangência. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos foram estabelecidas metas e ações que foram realizadas segundo planejado, de acordo com os eixos pedagógicos: monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão do serviço, qualificação da prática clínica e engajamento público. Os dados foram registrados na ficha-espelho e na planilha de coleta de dados digital disponibilizada pelo curso, por isso, acompanhamos os resultados nos gráficos. Destaca-se que a ação programática era deficitária na unidade, dessa forma optou-se por iniciar o cadastramento do zero na unidade, assim os dados apresentados anteriormente não refletem mais a realidade da ação programática. Outro ponto que deve ser levado em consideração é que a ação inicialmente foi prevista para ser desenvolvida pelas duas equipes da unidade, mas por motivos de baixa adesão, optou-se por realizar a intervenção com apenas os usuários de uma das equipes da unidade, assim o levantamento nos proporcionou o número de 212 usuários hipertensos e 78 usuários diabéticos como público alvo das ações previstas. A nossa intervenção serviu para alcançar os objetivos propostos garantindo que a população alvo da área de abrangência, 158 usuários hipertensos (74,5%) e 58 usuários diabéticos (74,4%), recebesse uma atenção adequada e mantivesse um controle específico. Destaca-se também que todos os indicadores de qualidade propostos foram atingidos em 100% ao termino da intervenção e poucos não foram em todos os meses da intervenção, o que denota quão grande foram os ganhos obtidos durante essas 12 semanas. Considero este tipo de trabalho muito efetivo para utilizar em outros grupos específicos da comunidade, que também precisam de muita atenção, já que através dele conseguimos envolver a equipe e toda comunidade, incluindo o Conselho de Saúde do bairro, que ajudou na propaganda e nas atividades realizadas durante a intervenção.

Ikkε Is Key To Induction Of Insulin Resistance In The Hypothalamus, And Its Inhibition Reverses Obesity.

IKK epsilon (IKKε) is induced by the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Whole-body IKKε knockout mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were protected from insulin resistance and showed altered energy balance. We demonstrate that IKKε is expressed in neurons and is upregulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Blocking IKKε in the hypothalamus of obese mice with CAYMAN10576 or small interfering RNA decreased NF-κB activation in this tissue, relieving the inflammatory environment. Inhibition of IKKε activity, but not TBK1, reduced IRS-1(Ser307) phosphorylation and insulin and leptin resistance by an improvement of the IR/IRS-1/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the hypothalamus. These improvements were independent of body weight and food intake. Increased insulin and leptin action/signaling in the hypothalamus may contribute to a decrease in adiposity and hypophagia and an enhancement of energy expenditure accompanied by lower NPY and increased POMC mRNA levels. Improvement of hypothalamic insulin action decreases fasting glycemia, glycemia after pyruvate injection, and PEPCK protein expression in the liver of HFD-fed and db/db mice, suggesting a reduction in hepatic glucose production. We suggest that IKKε may be a key inflammatory mediator in the hypothalamus of obese mice, and its hypothalamic inhibition improves energy and glucose metabolism.

Microbial Evaluation Of Traumatized Teeth Treated With Triple Antibiotic Paste Or Calcium Hydroxide With 2% Chlorhexidine Gel In Pulp Revascularization.

Revascularization outcome depends on microbial elimination because apical repair will not happen in the presence of infected tissues. This study evaluated the microbial composition of traumatized immature teeth and assessed their reduction during different stages of the revascularization procedures performed with 2 intracanal medicaments. Fifteen patients (7-17 years old) with immature teeth were submitted to the revascularization procedures; they were divided into 2 groups according to the intracanal medicament used: TAP group (n = 7), medicated with a triple antibiotic paste, and CHP group (n = 8), dressed with calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gel. Samples were taken before any treatment (S1), after irrigation with 6% NaOCl (S2), after irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine (S3), after intracanal dressing (S4), and after 17% EDTA irrigation (S5). Cultivable bacteria recovered from the 5 stages were counted and identified by means of polymerase chain reaction assay (16S rRNA). Both groups had colony-forming unit counts significantly reduced after S2 (P < .05); however, no significant difference was found between the irrigants (S2 and S3, P = .99). No difference in bacteria counts was found between the intracanal medicaments used (P = .95). The most prevalent bacteria detected were Actinomyces naeslundii (66.67%), followed by Porphyromonas endodontalis, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which were detected in 33.34% of the root canals. An average of 2.13 species per canal was found, and no statistical correlation was observed between bacterial species and clinical/radiographic features. The microbial profile of infected immature teeth is similar to that of primarily infected permanent teeth. The greatest bacterial reduction was promoted by the irrigation solutions. The revascularization protocols that used the tested intracanal medicaments were efficient in reducing viable bacteria in necrotic immature teeth.

Diet Carotenoid Lutein Modulates The Expression Of Genes Related To Oxygen Transporters And Decreases Dna Damage And Oxidative Stress In Mice.

Lutein (LT) is a carotenoid obtained by diet and despite its antioxidant activity had been biochemically reported, few studies are available concerning its influence on the expression of antioxidant genes. The expression of 84 genes implicated in antioxidant defense was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array. DNA damage was measured by comet assay and glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were quantified as biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in mouse kidney and liver. cDDP treatment reduced concentration of GSH and increased TBARS, parameters that were ameliorated in treatment associated with LT. cDDP altered the expression of 32 genes, increasing the expression of GPx2, APC, Nqo1 and CCs. LT changed the expression of 37 genes with an induction of 13 mainly oxygen transporters. In treatments associating cDDP and LT, 30 genes had their expression changed with a increase of the same genes of the cDDP treatment alone. These results suggest that LT might act scavenging reactive species and also inducing the expression of genes related to a better antioxidant response, highlighting the improvement of oxygen transport. This improved redox state of the cell through LT treatment could be related to the antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects observed.

Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Activities Of Methanolic Extract From A Neglected Agricultural Product: Corn Cobs.

Neglected agricultural products (NAPs) are defined as discarded material in agricultural production. Corn cobs are a major waste of agriculture maize. Here, a methanolic extract from corn cobs (MEC) was obtained. MEC contains phenolic compounds, protein, carbohydrates (1.4:0.001:0.001). We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of MEC. Furthermore, its antiproliferative property against tumor cells was assessed through MTT assays and proteins related to apoptosis in tumor cells were examined by western blot. MEC showed no hydroxyl radical scavenger capacity, but it showed antioxidant activity in Total Antioxidant Capacity and DPPH scavenger ability assays. MEC showed higher Reducing Power than ascorbic acid and exhibited high Superoxide Scavenging activity. In tumor cell culture, MEC increased catalase, metallothionein and superoxide dismutase expression in accordance with the antioxidant tests. In vivo antioxidant test, MEC restored SOD and CAT, decreased malondialdehyde activities and showed high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity in animals treated with CCl4. Furthermore, MEC decreased HeLa cells viability by apoptosis due an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3 active. Protein kinase C expression increased was also detected in treated tumor cells. Thus, our findings pointed out the biotechnological potential of corn cobs as a source of molecules with pharmacological activity.

Psychometric Properties Evaluation Of A New Ergonomics-related Job Factors Questionnaire Developed For Nursing Workers.

The objectives of this study were to develop a questionnaire that evaluates the perception of nursing workers to job factors that may contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Internationally recommended methodology was followed: construction of domains, items and the instrument as a whole, content validity, and pre-test. Psychometric properties were evaluated among 370 nursing workers. Construct validity was analyzed by the factorial analysis, known-groups technique, and convergent validity. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and stability. Results indicated satisfactory fit indices during confirmatory factor analysis, significant difference (p < 0.01) between the responses of nursing and office workers, and moderate correlations between the new questionnaire and Numeric Pain Scale, SF-36 and WRFQ. Cronbach's alpha was close to 0.90 and ICC values ranged from 0.64 to 0.76. Therefore, results indicated that the new questionnaire had good psychometric properties for use in studies involving nursing workers.

Efficacy Of Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic Acid Associated With Chlorhexidine On Intracanal Medication Removal: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 17% ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) used alone or associated with 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) on intracanal medications (ICM) removal. Sixty single-rooted human teeth with fully formed apex were selected. The cervical and middle thirds of each canal were prepared with Gates Glidden drills and rotary files. The apical third was shaped with hand files. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups depending on the ICM used after instrumentation: calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)(2) +CHX or Ca(OH)(2) +sterile saline (SS). After seven days, each group was divided into subgroups according to the protocol used for ICM removal: instrumentation and irrigation either with EDTA, CHX+EDTA, or SS (control groups). All specimens were sectioned and processed for observation of the apical thirds by using scanning electron microscopy. Two calibrated evaluators attributed scores to each specimen. The differences between the protocols for ICM removal were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for comparison between the score of debris obtained in each root canal third. Remains of Ca(OH)(2) were found in all specimens independently of the protocol and ICM used (P > 0.05). Seventeen percent EDTA showed the best results in removing ICM when used alone (P < 0.05), particularly in those associated with CHX. It was concluded that the chelating agent 17% EDTA significantly improved the removal of ICM when used alone. Furthermore, the type of the vehicle associated with Ca(OH)(2) also plays a role in the ICM removal.

Fractalkine (cx3cl1) Is Involved In The Early Activation Of Hypothalamic Inflammation In Experimental Obesity.

Hypothalamic inflammation is a common feature of experimental obesity. Dietary fats are important triggers of this process, inducing the activation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Microglia cells, which are the cellular components of the innate immune system in the brain, are expected to play a role in the early activation of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we use bone marrow transplants to generate mice chimeras that express a functional TLR4 in the entire body except in bone marrow-derived cells or only in bone marrow-derived cells. We show that a functional TLR4 in bone marrow-derived cells is required for the complete expression of the diet-induced obese phenotype and for the perpetuation of inflammation in the hypothalamus. In an obesity-prone mouse strain, the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is rapidly induced in the neurons of the hypothalamus after the introduction of a high-fat diet. The inhibition of hypothalamic fractalkine reduces diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and the recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytic cells to the hypothalamus; in addition, this inhibition reduces obesity and protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance. Thus, fractalkine is an important player in the early induction of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and its inhibition impairs the induction of the obese and glucose intolerance phenotypes.

Otorhinolaryngological Findings In A Group Of Patients With Rheumatic Diseases.

Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of rheumatologic diseases represent a great challenge not only to the generalistphysician but also to the ENT doctor andrheumatologist. They often represent early manifestations of an autoimmune disorder which requires prompt and aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. Auditory, nasal, laryngeal and eye symptoms can be the first manifestation of rheumatic diseases and their proper assessment helps the doctor to identify signs of disease activity. The objective of this study is to identify the ENT manifestations in patients with rheumatic diseases in a high complexity hospital, regarding facilitating an early diagnosis and treatment. We performed clinical and complete otorhinolaryngological evaluations in patients selected from the outpatient rheumatology in a standardized manner by the use of a standardized form filling during the secondhalf of 2010. In the study group, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients had predominantly laryngeal manifestations, while patients with Sjögren's syndrome showed a higher prevalence of otologic manifestations. Changes in audiometric tests were found in 53% of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) patients, 80% of relapsing polychondritis (RP), 33% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 50% of Churg-Strauss syndrome (SCS). Regarding nasal alterations, these were found so prevalent in all conditions, especially Churg-Strauss syndrome. This study demonstrated that most patients treated in our hospital has the ENT signs and symptoms commonly associated in previous studies on rheumatic diseases, but further studies with a larger number of patients must be made to establish such relations.