Aromatic poly(ester imide)s and poly(amide imide)s having 1,1 '-binaphthyl-2,2 '-diyls in the main chain

Full Paper: Two new 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl-based dianhydrides, i.e., 2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzamido)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride (BNDADA) and 2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyloxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride (BNDEDA), were synthesized and polymerized with various aromatic diamines to afford polyimides through the traditional two-step method. The polyimides with inherent viscosities ranging from 0.27 to 0.70 dl . g(-1) showed excellent solubilities in polar solvents such as DMAc, DMSO and NMP etc., except of the poly(ester imide) prepared from BNDEDA and benzidine. Poly(ester imide)s based on BNDEDA can also be readily dissolved in weakly polar solvents such as THF, CH2Cl2 and CHCl3. The glass transition temperatures of these polyimides are in the range of 210-310 degrees C; the 5% weight loss temperatures are in the range of 390-465 degrees C in nitrogen and 384-447 degrees c in air. These polymers from light yellow, tough films that were transparent above 365 nm. The effects of different flexible units attached in the 2- and 2'-positions, i.e., amide, ester and ether, on the properties of the polyimides obtained are discussed.

Investigation of proton transfer across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface by o-phenanthroline using glass micro/nano-pipets and cyclic voltammetry

Facilitated proton transfer across the water/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface supported on the tips of micro- and nano-pipets by o-phenanthroline (Phen) was studied by using cyclic voltammetry. The formed micro- and nano-liquid/liquid interfaces functioned as micro- and nano-electrodes under certain experimental conditions. The dependence of the half-wave potentials on the aqueous solutions acidities was studied and the ratio of association constants between Phen and proton in the aqueous and DCE phases was calculated by the method proposed by Matsuda et al.. The standard rate constant (k(0)) and the transfer coefficient (alpha) evaluated by using nano-pipets were equal to 0.183 +/- 0.054 cm/s and 0.70 +/- 0.09, respectively.

应用玻璃微米/纳米管和循环伏安法研究邻菲咯啉加速质子在水/1,2-二氯乙烷界面的转移过程

利用循环伏安法研究了玻璃微米 /纳米管支持的水 / 1 ,2 -二氯乙烷 ( DCE)界面上邻菲咯啉加速质子的转移过程 .将装有水溶液的微米 /纳米管插入到 DCE溶液中 ,可以形成微米 /纳米级 -液 /液界面 ,在选定的实验条件下 ,其作用类似于微米 /纳米电极 .用微米管考察了此加速转移过程的半波电位与 p H值 ( 1 .1～7.5 )的关系 ,利用 Matsuda等提出的理论公式计算了邻菲咯啉与质子在有机相和水相中的络合常数比 .并用纳米管计算得到邻菲咯啉加速质子在水 / DCE界面转移过程中的标准速率常数 ( k0 )和转移系数 (α)分别为( 0 .1 83± 0 .0 5 4 ) cm/ s和 0 .70± 0 .0

(Ce_(0.8)RE_(0.2))_(1-x)M_xO_(2-δ)固体电解质的溶胶-凝胶合成及其电性质

利用溶胶 凝胶法合成了 (Ce0 .8RE0 .2 ) 1-xMxO2 -δ(RE :稀土 ,M :碱土 )系列固体电解质 ,XRD表明 80 0℃即形成萤石结构 ,较高温固相反应合成温度低约 70 0℃ .测定了样品的电导率和阻抗谱 .XPS测试表明 ,掺杂碱土氧化物后吸附氧浓度明显增大 ,氧空位增多 ,电导率和氧离子迁移数增大 ,改善了CeO2 基固体电解质的性能 .讨论了碱土及稀土离子对电性质的影响 .(Ce0 .8Sm0 .2 ) 1-0 .0 5 Ca0 .0 5 O2 -δ80 0℃时电导率0 1 2 6S·cm-1,氧离子迁移数 0 .99.

A MASS-SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS .5. EI SPECTRA OF 1, 3, 2-OXAZAPHOSPHOLIDINE 2-SULFIDES DERIVATES

The mass spectral behaviour of 15 new type of organic phosphorus compounds with a considerable insecticidal activity, 1, 3,2-oxazaphospholidine 2-sulfides derivatives, under 70 eV electron impact has been studied by means of high and low resolution mass spectrometry as well as by B/E linked scan and MIKES/CID analysis. Discussion is focused into the isomerization between oxygen and sulphur in molecules and some rearrangement reactions.

COMPATIBILIZING EFFECT OF POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)-B-POLYSTYRENE-B-POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) IN PHENOLPHTHALEIN POLY(ETHER ETHER KETONE) POLY(2,6-DIMETHYL-1,4-PHENYLENE OXIDE) BLENDS

The morphology and mechanical behaviour of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone) (PEK-C)/poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) blends has been investigated. A poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PS-PEO) triblock copolymer was used as compatibilizer. It was found that PEO-PS-PEO has a compatibilizing effect on the PEK-C/PPO blends. The addition of PEO-PS-PEO to the blends greatly improves phase dispersion and interfacial interfacial adhesion and also enhances the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus at compositions ranging from 30 to 70% PEK-C. However, all the values of the ultimate tensile strength within the whole composition range are lower than those expected by simple additivity, probably owing to the poor mechanical properties of PEO-PS-PEO copolymer.

Cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of cDNA encoding a constitutive heat shock protein 70 (HSC70) in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

The cDNA encoding hsc70 of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned from hepatopancreas by RT-PCR based on its EST sequence. The full length cDNA of 2090 bp contained an open reading frame of 1956 nucleotides and partial 5'- and 3'-untranslated region(5'- and 3'-UTR). PCR amplification and sequencing analysis showed the existence of introns in the region of 1-547 bp, but they did not exist in the region of 548-2090 bp of hsc70 cDNA. When the deduced 652 amino acid sequence of HSC70 was compared with the members of HSP70 family from other organisms, the results showed 85.9% similarity with HSC71 from Oncorhynchus mykiss and HSC70 from Homo sapiens. It also exhibited 85.8% similarity with HSP70 from Mus musculu and 85.4% with HSC70 from Manduca sexta. Expression analysis showed that hsc70 mRNA was espressed constitutively in hepatopancreas, muscle, eyestalks, haemocytes, heart, ovary, intestine and gills in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. No difference could be detected on hsc70 mRNA level in muscle between heat-shocked and control animals.

四种海藻热休克蛋白70（HSP70）基因的克隆与表达分析

热休克蛋白70是热休克蛋白家族中重要的成员，参与新生蛋白的折叠、转运、重折叠变性蛋白、协助降解变性蛋白和抗逆环境胁迫等功能。海带和裙带菜是浅海潮下带典型的褐藻，孔石莼和浒苔是潮间带典型的绿藻，四种大型海藻均有重要的经济价值和生态价值。随着潮汐变化固着藻类生境理化因素变化剧烈，藻类面临着严重的环境胁迫，因此研究藻类抗逆机理有着重要的意义。 本研究采用同源克隆法配合RACE-PCR，克隆了海带、孔石莼、裙带菜和浒苔HSP70基因的全序列（分别命名为LJHSP70、UPHSP70、QDHSP70和EPHSP70）。利用生物信息学方法分析了四种藻类HSP70结构特征、同源性关系和进化地位。获得的海带HSP70基因全序列长为2918 bp，5’非翻译区为248 bp，3’非翻译区为696 bp，开放阅读框为1974 bp，编码657个氨基酸，预测的分子量为72.03 kDa，等电点为4.97。获得的裙带菜HSP70基因全序列长为3243 bp，5’非翻译区为248 bp，3’非翻译区为1021 bp，开放阅读框为1974 bp，编码657个氨基酸，预测的分子量为72.03 kDa，等电点为4.96。获得的孔石莼HSP70基因全序列长为2283 bp，5’非翻译区为65 bp，3’非翻译区为247 bp，开放阅读框为1971 bp，编码656个氨基酸，预测的分子量为71.13 kDa，等电点为5.04。获得的浒苔HSP70基因全序列长为2265 bp，5’非翻译区为65 bp，3’非翻译区为217 bp，开放阅读框为1983 bp，编码660个氨基酸，预测的分子量为71.39 kDa，等电点为5.03。四种海藻HSP70氨基酸序列均含有四肽重复序列GGMP，具有三个典型的HSP70签名基序。细胞质定位的HSP70 C-末端特征基序为EEID或EEVD，并且N-端氨基酸序列保守性高于C-端。海带和裙带菜HSP70蛋白同源性为98%，孔石莼和浒苔HSP70蛋白同源性为96%，四种海藻HSP70蛋白序列与陆地植物和其他藻类HSP70蛋白序列同源性为70-80%。 利用荧光定量RT-PCR技术对不同胁迫条件处理的海带和孔石莼HSP70 mRNA的表达水平进行定量分析。不同热激温度（5-40 ℃）处理组中，30 ℃处理组的海带HSP70 mRNA表达量最高是10 ℃处理组的海带HSP70 mRNA表达量的3倍，而35 ℃或40 ℃处理组的海带HSP70表达量却低于25 ℃或30 ℃处理组的海带HSP70 mRNA表达量。25 ℃不同热激时间（0-12 h）处理组中，海带HSP70 mRNA表达量呈先上升后下降趋势。热激1 h后海带HSP70 mRNA表达量迅速上升，热激7 h后mRNA表达量达到最大，是对照组表达量的4倍。不同盐度（0‰-45‰）胁迫处理组中，0‰或5‰盐度处理组的海带HSP70 mRNA表达量是30‰盐度处理组海带HSP70 mRNA表达量的3倍。35‰、40‰和45‰盐度处理组之间HSP70 mRNA表达量较低且无显著差异。 不同热激温度（5-40℃）处理组中，20 ℃或25 ℃处理的孔石莼HSP70 mRNA表达量较低，而5 ℃、35 ℃、或40 ℃处理组的孔石莼HSP70 mRNA的表达量是25 ℃处理组孔石莼HSP70 mRNA表达量的2倍以上。30 ℃不同热激时间（0-12 h）处理组中，孔石莼HSP70 mRNA表达量也呈先上升后下降趋势。热激5 h后孔石莼HSP70 mRNA表达量达到最大，是对照组的3.5倍。不同盐度（0‰-45‰）胁迫处理组中，0‰或5‰盐度处理组的孔石莼HSP70 mRNA表达量是30‰盐度处理组孔石莼HSP70表达量的3倍。30‰、40‰和45‰盐度处理组孔石莼HSP70 mRNA表达量较低，且无显著差异。不同紫外线照射时间（0-4.0 h）和不同干燥时间（0-4.0 h）处理组中，孔石莼HSP70 mRNA表达量都在3 h后达到最高值，之后表达量维持在较高水平。 为进一步研究藻类HSP70的生物学功能，将海带HSP70基因的开放阅读框区域克隆到表达载体pEASY-E2中，并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS。将阳性重组子培养于含有AMP（100 U/mL）的LB培养基，IPTG诱导表达，SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定。经5 h诱导，其表达量达到平台期，继续培养HSP70表达量并不显著增高。5 mM IPTG诱导海带HSP70蛋白表达量高于1 mM IPTG诱导蛋白表达量。

Triterpane and sterane biomarkers in the YA13-1 condensates from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

Triterpanes and steranes in condensates from the YA13-1 gas field, Qiongdongnan Basin, were monitored. The YA13-1 condensates have unusual biomarker distributions dominated by terpanes and steranes derived from higher plants. Anomalously abundant 1 got-oleanane and remarkably abundant bicadinanes are present in the YA13-1 condensates, whereas the 17alpha-hopane contents are extremely low. Taraxastane and significantly abundant 17alpha-diahopanes occur in the condensates. In addition, a number of unknown C-29 and C-30 pentacyclic triterpanes including previously unreported compounds were detected in the condensates, some of which are significantly abundant. The unknown compounds may be terrestrial biomarkers. C-29 homologues are relatively predominant among the regular and rearranged steranes. The diasterane concentrations are markedly higher than those of regular steranes. The maturity of the YA13-1 condensates is relatively high, at the peak to late oil generation stage (corresponding to 0.85-1.10% Ro), based on sterane and terpane and including bicadinane maturity parameters (i.e. T/(T-1 + R) and 2T/R bicadinane ratios). The above maturity assessment result is different from that based on diamondoid maturity parameters (%Ro = 1.60-1.70) [Org. Geochem. 25 (1996) 179], which can be explained by a contribution of hydrocarbons from two sources at different depths. The YA13-1 condensates were probably generated from the Yacheng and Lingshui coal-bearing source rocks buried both in the Qiongdongnan Basin (3400-5000 m) and in the Yinggehai Basin (>5000 m). The possible contribution of lower maturity hydrocarbons from the Yacheng and Lingshui Formations (3400-4100 m) in the Qiongdongnan Basin to the YA13-1 gases and condensates should not be neglected. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of parental stock size on F-1 genetic structure in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819)

Three F-1 families of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, were produced from one, two and 10 individuals. The genetic changes in these populations, which suffered recent and different levels of bottleneck, were analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) techniques. In the parental stock, a total of 330 bands were detected using seven AFLP primer pairs, and 70% of the loci were polymorphic. All F-1 groups had a significantly lower proportion of polymorphic loci when compared with the initial stock, and loss of the rare loci and reduction in heterozygosity both occurred. The progeny of the larger population (i.e., N=10) exhibited a lesser amount of genetic differentiation compared with the progeny from N=2, which showed lesser differentiation than progeny from N=1. The effective population sizes (N-e) in N=1, 2 and 10 were estimated as 1.50, 1.61 and 2.49. Based on regression analysis, we recommend that at least 340 individuals be used in hatchery populations to maintain genetic variation.

1-（2-萘基）-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮衍生试剂的制备及其在高效液相色谱-质谱法测定糖类化合物中的应用

以1-（2-萘基）-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（NMP）作为柱前衍生试剂,建立了简单、灵敏的糖类组分的反相高效液相色谱测定方法。NMP与糖在氨为催化剂的条件下,于70℃下反应可获得稳定的衍生产物。在HypersilODS2反相色谱柱上,实现了8种单糖的基线分离。衍生物线性相关系数均大于0.9985,检出限为0.58-1.1pmol。利用柱后在线串联质谱的电喷雾电离正离子模式监测,获得了各组分的质谱定性及裂解规律,特别是m/z473的特征碎片离子可作为单糖NMP衍生物的判定依据。与1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）相比,NMP对糖的衍生化具有灵敏、简单、质谱裂解规律性强、重现性好等优点。该方法用于测定油菜花粉多糖中的单糖组成,结果令人满意。

Evaluation of HER2, p53, bcl-2, topoisomerase II-alpha, heat shock proteins 27 and 70 in primary breast cancer and metastatic ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Predictive biological markers (BM) of responsiveness to therapy need to be identified. Evaluation of BM is mainly done at the primary site. However, in the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer, the main goal is control of micrometastases. It is still unknown whether heterogeneity in the expression of BM between the primary site and its micrometastases exists. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of some BM with potential predictive value from the primary breast cancer site and metastatic ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Focality (percentage of positive cells) and intensity staining scores were evaluated for each marker. Freshly cut sections (4 microm) from embedded blocks of breast cancer fixed in formalin or bouin were put onto superfrost slides (Menzel-Gläser). Protein expression was evaluated immunohistochemically (IHC) using monoclonal antibodies against: topo II-alpha (clone KiS1, 1 microg/ml, Roche) with a trypsine pre-treatment (P); HSP27 (clone G3.1, 1/60, Biogenex), HSP70 (clone BRM.22, 1/80, Biogenex) and HER2 (clone CB11, 1/40, Novocastra; without P); p53 (clone D07, 1/750, Dako) and bcl-2 (clone 124, 1/60, Dako) with citrate buffer as P. RESULTS: Overall, the percentage of discordant marker status in the primary tumour and its metastatic lymph nodes was 2% for HER2, 6% for p53, 15% for bcl-2, 19% for topoisomerase II-alpha, 24% for HSP27 and 30% for HSP70. For the subgroup of patients with positive BM in the primary tumour, the percentage of discordance was 6% for HER2, 7% for p53, 14% for bcl-2, 19% for HSP70, 21% for topoisomerase II-alpha and 36% for HSP27. For the subgroup of patients with positive BM in the lymph nodes, the percentage of discordance was 9% for bcl-2, 15% for HER2 and p53, 21% for topoisomerase II-alpha, 22% for HSP27 and 25% for HSP70. CONCLUSIONS: 1) No biological marker had 100% concordant results. 2) Although some discordant cases might be explained by the limitations of the IHC technique, future studies aiming to evaluate the predictive value of BM in the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer should take into account a possible difference in BM expression between the primary and the metastatic sites.

Essential role of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 in cardiac development and function.

The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (beta ARK1) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family that mediates the agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors. We have cloned and disrupted the beta ARK1 gene in mice by homologous recombination. No homozygote beta ARK1-/- embryos survive beyond gestational day 15.5. Prior to gestational day 15.5, beta ARK1-/- embryos display pronounced hypoplasia of the ventricular myocardium essentially identical to the "thin myocardium syndrome" observed upon gene inactivation of several transcription factors (RXR alpha, N-myc, TEF-1, WT-1). Lethality in beta ARK1-/- embryos is likely due to heart failure as they exhibit a > 70% decrease in cardiac ejection fraction determined by direct in utero intravital microscopy. These results along with the virtual absence of endogenous GRK activity in beta ARK1-/- embryos demonstrate that beta ARK1 appears to be the predominant GRK in early embryogenesis and that it plays a fundamental role in cardiac development.