Tutoria da anatomia mamária feminina utilizando uma rede neural artificial interactive activation and competition orientada a serviço

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade Gama, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2015.

Studies on terpenes solubility in water and deep eutectic solvents diagrams for biomedical applications

The main objectives of this work are the measurement of terpenes solubility in water at different temperatures, and the formulation of Deep Eutectic Solvents based on choline chloride and polycarboxylic acids, that can be used as hydrotropes of aqueous solutions in terpenes, replacing conventional organic solvents. In this work a new experimental methodology was implemented, using dialysis membranes, for the measurement of terpenes solubility in water. Concerning the deep eutectic diagrams formulation, the determination of the melting points of the eutectic mixtures was performed using a visual method. The method used for determining solubilities was previously validated using a well-studied model compound, toluene. The experimental results of terpenes solubilities in water resulted in a very satisfactory coefficients of variation, always below 6%. The experimental solubility data were analysed and the temperature dependence is also studied in a thermodynamic perspective. The compound with the largest solubility dependence with the temperature is geraniol, while thymol presents the smallest. The phase diagrams of DES formulated were quite satisfactory, presenting always eutectic points below to 373.15 K. For some compositions, the systems composed by choline chloride and lactic, or malonic, or myristic acid were liquid at room temperature. In the case of monocarboxylic acids, eutectic is formed at 60% mol of the acid, to dicarboxylic acid is formed at 50% mol of the acid and for tricarboxylic acid these point is formed at 30% mol of the acid. In the future, it will be important to study the effect of DES as hydrotropes in aqueous solutions of terpenes. Furthermore, it would be interesting to study more terpenes in order to assess the effect of the size of the alkyl chain and the structures of the compounds.

Forensic Injustice: Human Rights, Archival Science and Racialized Feminicide in Guatemala

The call to access and preserve the state records that document crimes committed by the state during Guatemala’s civil war has become an archival imperative entangled with neoliberal human rights discourses of “truth, justice, and memory.” 200,000 people were killed and disappeared in Guatemala’s civil war including acts of genocide in which 85% of massacres involved sexual violence committed against Mayan women. This dissertation argues that in an attempt to tell the official story of the civil war, American Human Rights organizations and academic institutions have constructed a normative identity whose humanity is attached to a scientific and evidentiary value as well as an archival status representing the materiality and institutionality of the record. Consequently, Human Rights discourses grounded in Western knowledges, in particular archival science and law, which prioritize the appearance of truth erase the material and epistemological experience of indigenous women during wartimes. As a result, the subjectivity that has surfaced on the record as most legible has mostly pertained to non-indigenous, middle class, urban, leftist men who were victims of enforced disappearance not genocide. This dissertation investigates this conflicting narrative that remembers a non-indigenous revolutionary masculine hero and grants him justice in human rights courtrooms simply because of a document attesting to his death. A main research question addressed in this project is why the promise of "truth and justice" under the name of human rights becomes a contentious site for gendered indigenous bodies? I conduct a discursive and rhetorical analysis of documentary film, declassified Guatemalan police and military records such as Operation Sofia, a military log known for “documenting the genocide” during rural counterinsurgencies executed by the military. I interrogate the ways in which racialized feminicides or the hyper-sexualized racial violence that has historically dehumanized indigenous women falls outside of discourses of vision constructed by Western positivist knowledges to reinscribe the ideal human right subject. I argue for alternative epistemological frames that recognize genocide as sexualized and gendered structures that have simultaneously produced racialized feminicides in order to disrupt the colonial structures of capitalism, patriarchy and heterosexuality. Ironically, these structures of power remain untouched by the dominant human rights discourse and its academic, NGO, and state collaborators that seek "truth and justice" in post-conflict Guatemala.

Shaping the Dicot Fruit: Molecular and Genomic Approaches to Fruit Development

The fruit is one of the most complex and important structures produced by flowering plants, and understanding the development and maturation process of fruits in different angiosperm species with diverse fruit structures is of immense interest. In the work presented here, molecular genetics and genomic analysis are used to explore the processes that form the fruit in two species: The model organism Arabidopsis and the diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca. One important basic question concerns the molecular genetic basis of fruit patterning. A long-standing model of Arabidopsis fruit (the gynoecium) patterning holds that auxin produced at the apex diffuses downward, forming a gradient that provides apical-basal positional information to specify different tissue types along the gynoecium’s length. The proposed gradient, however, has never been observed and the model appears inconsistent with a number of observations. I present a new, alternative model, wherein auxin acts to establish the adaxial-abaxial domains of the carpel primordia, which then ensures proper development of the final gynoecium. A second project utilizes genomics to identify genes that regulate fruit color by analyzing the genome sequences of Fragaria vesca, a species of wild strawberry. Shared and distinct SNPs among three F. vesca accessions were identified, providing a foundation for locating candidate mutations underlying phenotypic variations among different F. vesca accessions. Through systematic analysis of relevant SNP variants, a candidate SNP in FveMYB10 was identified that may underlie the fruit color in the yellow-fruited accessions, which was subsequently confirmed by functional assays. Our lab has previously generated extensive RNA-sequencing data that depict genome-scale gene expression profiles in F. vesca fruit and flower tissues at different developmental stages. To enhance the accessibility of this dataset, the web-based eFP software was adapted for this dataset, allowing visualization of gene expression in any tissues by user-initiated queries. Together, this thesis work proposes a well-supported new model of fruit patterning in Arabidopsis and provides further resources for F. vesca, including genome-wide variant lists and the ability to visualize gene expression. This work will facilitate future work linking traits of economic importance to specific genes and gaining novel insights into fruit patterning and development.

Noninvasive imaging of three-dimensional micro and nanostructures by topological methods

We present topological derivative and energy based procedures for the imaging of micro and nano structures using one beam of visible light of a single wavelength. Objects with diameters as small as 10 nm can be located and their position tracked with nanometer precision. Multiple objects dis-tributed either on planes perpendicular to the incidence direction or along axial lines in the incidence direction are distinguishable. More precisely, the shape and size of plane sections perpendicular to the incidence direction can be clearly determined, even for asymmetric and nonconvex scatterers. Axial resolution improves as the size of the objects decreases. Initial reconstructions may proceed by gluing together two-dimensional horizontal slices between axial peaks or by locating objects at three-dimensional peaks of topological energies, depending on the effective wavenumber. Below a threshold size, topological derivative based iterative schemes improve initial predictions of the lo-cation, size, and shape of objects by postprocessing fixed measured data. For larger sizes, tracking the peaks of topological energy fields that average information from additional incident light beams seems to be more effective.

Saudosa Maloca, Maloca querida: um estudo morfológico da relação forma/usos do espaço em moradias autoconstruídas e construídas pelo poder público após um ano de ocupação

This study intends to enhance the existing knowledge concerning the patterns of the uses of space for low cost housing in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, by way of comparative morphological studies in spatial arrangements and articulations regarding three distinct, however inter-related, sets of social housing: (1) a development comprising 21 self-built houses erected on public routes and illegal plots within a tract of land originally designed to be an industrial development: (2) architect-designed houses built by the public authority in order to accommodate the previous 21 (plus a few additions) families occupying the self-built dwellings, and (3) modifications performed by dwellers on a total of those 24 houses built by the public authority after an occupation period of one year. The predominant uses of each room within the self-built and modified houses were represented in ground plan, based on empirical observation, surveys with dwellers and the use of analytical procedures of morphologic analysis of nature predominantly geometric (specific) and topology (space syntax analysis). A scale of priorities was identified in relation to the uses of each room, its geometrical arrangement (adjacency, front/back relations etc), and underlying structures (connectivity, depth and spatial integration) in order to establish congruencies and non-congruencies between a social-cultural order embedded in the self-built domestic space and the design logic contained in the houses offered by official agencies. The comparative analysis points towards the convivial existence of two tendencies: one that seems to reinforce a design logic inasmuch as the additions and modifications performed by the dwellers do not alter but even emphasize the original configuration of the designed houses, and another one in which those patterns are subverted in accordance with a logic which, to a lesser or greater degree, coincides with that of the self-built dwellings

Structural characterization and comparative analysis of human and piscine cartilage acidic protein (CRTAC1/CRTAC2)

Dissertação de mestrado, Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Structural and mechanical properties of La0.6Sr0.4M0.1Fe0.9O3-δ (M: Co, Ni and Cu) perovskites

La0.6Sr0.4M0.1Fe0.9O3-δ (M: Co, Ni and Cu) perovskite nanostructures were synthesized using low frequency ultrasound assisted synthesis technique and effect of substitution of Fe by Co, Ni and Cu on crystal structure and mechanical properties in La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ perovskite were studied. The HRTEM and Rietveld refinement analyses revealed the uniform equi-axial shape of the obtained nanostructures with the existence of La0.6Sr0.4M0.1Fe0.9O3−δ with mixed rhombohedral and orthorhombic structures. Substitution of Cu decreases the melting point of La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ. The results of mechanical characterizations show that La0.6Sr0.4Co0.1Fe0.9O3−δ and La0.6Sr0.4Ni0.1Fe0.9O3−δ have ferroelastic behavior and comparable elastic moduli, however, subtitution of Ni shows higher hardness and lower fracture toughness than Co in Bsite doping

Anthrone and oxanthrone C,O-diglycosides from Picramnia teapensis

Two C,O-diglycosylated compounds, the anthrone picramnioside F, and the oxanthrone mayoside C, were isolated from the stem bark of Picramnia teapensis, along with the previously reported anthraquinones, 1-O-beta -D- and 8-O-beta -D-glucopyranosyl emodin. The compounds were separated by recycling-HPLC, and their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. CD measurements were used to establish the absolute configuration of the anthrone and oxanthrone. The antifungal activity of 1-O-beta -D- and 8-O--D-glucopyranosyl emodin against Leucoagaricus gongilophorus was shown to be similar to that of the lignan sesamin. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geotechnical Data and Numerical Analysis of Edifice Collapse and Related Hazards at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala

The continual eruptive activity, occurrence of an ancestral catastrophic collapse, and inherent geologic features of Pacaya volcano (Guatemala) demands an evaluation of potential collapse hazards. This thesis merges techniques in the field and laboratory for a better rock mass characterization of volcanic slopes and slope stability evaluation. New field geological, structural, rock mechanical and geotechnical data on Pacaya is reported and is integrated with laboratory tests to better define the physical-mechanical rock mass properties. Additionally, this data is used in numerical models for the quantitative evaluation of lateral instability of large sector collapses and shallow landslides. Regional tectonics and local structures indicate that the local stress regime is transtensional, with an ENE-WSW sigma 3 stress component. Aligned features trending NNW-SSE can be considered as an expression of this weakness zone that favors magma upwelling to the surface. Numerical modeling suggests that a large-scale collapse could be triggered by reasonable ranges of magma pressure (greater than or equal to 7.7 MPa if constant along a central dyke) and seismic acceleration (greater than or equal to 460 cm/s2), and that a layer of pyroclastic deposits beneath the edifice could have been a factor which controlled the ancestral collapse. Finally, the formation of shear cracks within zones of maximum shear strain could provide conduits for lateral flow, which would account for long lava flows erupted at lower elevations.

Constructs in Knowledge Organization Systems: Rhythm in Time, Intention, and Form

In the context of the International Society for Knowledge Organization, we often consider knowledge organization systems to comprise catalogues, thesauri, and bibliothecal classification schemes – schemes for library arrangement. In recent years we have added ontologies and folksonomies to our sphere of study. In all of these cases it seems we are concerned with improving access to information. We want a good system.And much of the literature from the late 19th into the late 20th century took that as their goal – to analyze the world of knowledge and the structures of representing it as its objects of study; again, with the ethos for creating a good system. In most cases this meant we had to be correct in our assertions about the universe of knowledge and the relationships that obtain between its constituent parts. As a result much of the literature of knowledge organization is prescriptive – instructing designers and professionals how to build or use the schemes correctly – that is to maximize redundant success in accessing information.In 2005, there was a turn in some of the knowledge organization literature. It has been called the descriptive turn. This is in relation to the otherwise prescriptive efforts of researchers in KO. And it is the descriptive turn that makes me think of context, languages, and cultures in knowledge organization–the theme of this year’s conference.Work in the descriptive turn questions the basic assumptions about what we want to do when we create, implement, maintain, and evaluate knowledge organization systems. Following on these assumptions researchers have examined a wider range of systems and question the motivations behind system design. Online websites that allow users to curate their own collections are one such addition, for example Pinterest (cf., Feinberg, 2011). However, researchers have also looked back at other lineages of organizing to compare forms and functions. For example, encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and winter counts designed and used by Native Americans.In this case of online curated collections, Melanie Feinberg has started to examine the craft of curation, as she calls it. In this line of research purpose, voice, and rhetorical stance surface as design considerations. For example, in the case of the Pinterest, users are able and encouraged to create boards. The process of putting together these boards is an act of curation in contemporary terminology. It is describing this craft that comes from the descriptive turn in KO.In the second case, when researchers in the descriptive turn look back at older and varied examples of knowledge organization systems, we are looking for a full inventory of intent and inspiration for future design. Encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and works of knowledge organization in other cultures provide a rich world for the descriptive turn. And researchers have availed themselves of this.

Deindustrialisation and industrial communities: the Lanarkshire coalfields c.1947-1983

This thesis examines deindustrialisation, the declining contribution of industrial activities to economic output and employment, in Lanarkshire, Scotland’s largest coalfield between the early nineteenth and mid-twentieth century. It focuses on contraction between the National Coal Board’s (NCB) vesting in 1947 and the closure of Lanarkshire’s last colliery, Cardowan, in 1983. Deindustrialisation was not the natural outcome of either market forces or geological exhaustion. Colliery closures and falling coal employment were the result of policy-makers’ decisions. The thesis consists of four thematic chapters: political economy, moral economy, class and community, and generation and gender. The analysis is based on archival sources including Scottish Office reports and correspondence relating to regional policy, and NCB records. These are supported by National Union of Mineworkers Scottish Area and STUC meeting minutes, and oral history testimonies from over 30 men and women with Lanarkshire coalfield backgrounds, as well as two focus groups. The first two chapters analyse the process of deindustrialisation, with the first offering a top-down perspective and the second a bottom-up viewpoint. In chapter one deindustrialisation is analysed through changes in political economy. Shifts in labour market structure are examined through the development of regional policy and its administration by the Scottish Office. The analysis centres upon a policy network of Scottish business elites and civil servants who shaped a vision of modernisation via industrial diversification through attracting inward investment. In chapter two the perspective shifts to community and workforce. It analyses responses to coalfield contraction through a moral economy of customary rights to colliery employment. A detailed investigation of Lanarkshire colliery closures between the 1940s and 1980s emphasises the protracted nature of deindustrialisation. Chapters three and four consider the social and cultural structures which shaped the moral economy but were heavily altered by deindustrialisation. Chapter three focuses on the dense networks that linked occupation, community, and class consciousness. Increasing coalfield centralisation and remote control of pits from NCB headquarters in London, and mounting hostility to coal closures, contributed to an accentuated sense of Scottish-ness. Chapter four illuminates gender and generational dimensions. The differing experiences of cohorts of men who faced either early retirement, redundancy or transfer to alternative sectors, or those who never attained anticipated industrial employment due to final closures, are analysed in terms of constructions of masculinity and the endurance of cultural as well as material losses. This is counterpoised to women who gained industrial work in assembly plants and the perceived gradual attainment of an improved economic and social position whilst continuing to navigate structures of patriarchy.

Electronic structure and magnetism of Mn-doped GaSb for spintronic applications: A DFT study

We have carried out first-principles spin polarized calculations to obtain comprehensive information regarding the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of the Mn-doped GaSb compound with dopant concentrations: x¼0.062, 0.083, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.50. The plane-wave pseudopotential method was used in order to calculate total energies and electronic structures. It was found that the MnGa substitution is the most stable configuration with a formation energy of 1.60 eV/Mn-atom. The calculated density of states shows that the half-metallic ferromagnetism is energetically stable for all dopant concentrations with a total magnetization of about 4.0 lB/Mn-atom. The results indicate that the magnetic ground state originates from the strong hybridization between Mn-d and Sb-p states, which agree with previous studies on Mn-doped wide gap semiconductors. This study gives new clues to the fabrication of diluted magnetic semiconductors

Combining micro and macro data in hedonic price indexes

This paper proposes arithmetic and geometric Paasche quality-adjusted price indexes that combine micro data from the base period with macro data on the averages of asset prices and characteristics at the index period.

The Social Life of Pots. The reconstruction of ceramic production and distribution patterns of pottery assemblages in the Northern Levant during the Iron Age

The aim of the project is the creation of a new model for the analysis of the political and social structures of the Northern Levant during the Iron Age, through the study of the production and circulation of ceramics in urban and rural centers. The project includes an innovative approach compared to a traditional contextual and analytical study of ceramic material. The geographical area under consideration represents an ideal context for understanding these dynamics, as a place of interaction between culturally different but constantly communicating areas (Eastern Mediterranean, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia). They corresponds to present-day southeastern Turkey and northern Syria, with the Mediterranean coast and the Euphrates River as limits to the west and east, respectively. The chronological interval taken into consideration by the study extends from the twelfth century BC. to the seventh century BC, corresponding to a phase of political fragmentation of the region into small-medium state entities and their subsequent conquest by the Neo-Assyrian empire starting from the end of the ninth century BC.