988 resultados para 194-1195


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Fernão Lopes foi o primeiro cronista-mor do Reino de que se tem notícia certa e um grande cronista português, aliás, segundo Robert Southey, "o maior cronista de todas as épocas e nações”. Pouco se sabe sobre sua origem, tendo-se 1380 como o ano provável de seu nascimento e 1460 como o de sua morte. Nada se conhece dos primeiros quarenta anos de sua vida. Em 1418 foi nomeado guarda do arquivo da Torre do Tombo, em Lisboa. Foi secretário de D. João I desde, pelo menos, 1419 até o seu falecimento deste monarca, em 1433, e , depois, de seu sucessor, D. Duarte. Em 1422 exerceu a função de escrivão da puridade do Infante D. Fernando. Tudo leva a crer que tenha escrito a história de Portugal desde a fundação do Reino e as crônicas de todos os seus reis até D. João I. Chronica del Rey D. Joam I de boa memoria, e do reys de Portugal o decimo foi publicada, postumamente, em 1644, em dois tomos, mas em apenas um volume. Esta obra consta de 3 partes, com os seguintes títulos: Parte I: em que se contém a defensão do reino até ser eleito rei; Parte II: em que se continuam as guerras com Castlella, desde o princípio do seu reinado até às pazes; Parte III: crônica da tomada de Ceuta. As duas primeiras foram escritas por Fernão Lopes. A terceira foi escrita por Gomes Eanes de Zurara nascido, aproximadamente, em 1410 e falecido em 1474, sucessor de Lopes, como primeiro cronista e guarda-mor da Torre do Tombo. No exemplar que a Biblioteca da Câmara possui estão encadernadas apenas as duas primeiras partes, com a segunda parte tendo início no Capítulo 194. Segundo Inocêncio, os exemplares publicados em 1644 são raros, embora a edição não tenha sido feita com o cuidado necessário e exista nas principais bibliotecas de Lisboa. Obra Manuscrita.

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En : I.Idiazabal, Inés M. García (eds.)(2007). Ahozko hizkuntza. Euskeraren azterketarako eta didaktikarako zenbait lan, Bilbo, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

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Empresas estatais e privadas terão o mesmo tratamento na área fiscal. Tem início a votação na Comissão de Sistematização do Título 7, que trata da ordem econômica e financeira. O Deputado Francisco Dornelles (PFL-RJ) afirma que a emenda aprovada que amplia a atividade econômica, garante a todo cidadão o direito de exercer uma atividade econômica, desde que não haja vedação constitucional ou legal, e não admite que a prática seja proibida por portarias ou atos administrativos. O Deputado Paes Landim (PFL-PI) tenta aprovar sem sucesso, emenda que exclui do texto o conceito de empresa nacional. Já o Deputado Haroldo Lima (PCdoB-BA) propôs emenda estabelecendo que a empresa nacional só poderia ser dirigida por brasileiros. Mas, foi mantido o texto do substitutivo do Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM), que considera empresa nacional aquela cujo capital pertence a cidadãos domiciliados no país. O Deputado Joaquim Sucena (PMDB-MT) aprova emenda com objetivo de fortalecer a empresa nacional. Aprovada emenda que dá tratamento diferenciado a empresa nacional em relação à aquisição de bens e serviços.O Deputado Osvaldo Lima Filho (PMDB-PE) comenta que a emenda visa fortalecer a empresa nacional. Quadro Constituição: a grande mudança - populares afirmam sua confiança nos constituintes. Aprovado destaque do Deputado Aluízio Campos (PMDB-PB), estebelecendo que empresas estatais e suas subsidiárias só poderão ser criadas com aprovação do Congresso Nacional. Rejeitado destaque do Deputado César Maia ( PDT-RJ) que propunha suprimir o parágrafo 2º do artigo 194, que dá tratamento igual a empresas privadas e estatais quanto a isenções fiscais. O Senador Marcondes Gadelha (PFL-PB) é contra a isenção fiscal para estatais, pois sem o privilégio as estatais são obrigadas a funcionarem de modo efetivo.

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Raquel Merino Álvarez, José Miguel Santamaría, Eterio Pajares (eds.)

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本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值;介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。

目录

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Adiabatic shear localization is a mode of failure that occurs in dynamic loading. It is characterized by thermal softening occurring over a very narrow region of a material and is usually a precursor to ductile fracture and catastrophic failure. This reference source is the first detailed study of the mechanics and modes of adiabatic shear localization in solids, and provides a systematic description of a number of aspects of adiabatic shear banding. The inclusion of the appendices which provide a quick reference section and a comprehensive collection of thermomechanical data allows rapid access and understanding of the subject and its phenomena. The concepts and techniques described in this work can usefully be applied to solve a multitude of problems encountered by those investigating fracture and damage in materials, impact dynamics, metal working and other areas. This reference book has come about in response to the pressing demand of mechanical and metallurgical engineers for a high quality summary of the knowledge gained over the last twenty years. While fulfilling this requirement, the book is also of great interest to academics and researchers into materials performance.

Table of Contents

1Introduction1
1.1What is an Adiabatic Shear Band?1
1.2The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands6
1.3Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur10
1.4Historical Aspects of Shear Bands11
1.5Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps14
1.6Scope of the Book20
2Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands24
2.1General Features24
2.2Deformed Bands27
2.3Transformed Bands28
2.4Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding35
2.5Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals44
3Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands54
3.1Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture54
3.2Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands57
3.3Metallurgical Implications69
3.4Effects of Stress State73
4Testing Methods76
4.1General Requirements and Remarks76
4.2Dynamic Torsion Tests80
4.3Dynamic Compression Tests91
4.4Contained Cylinder Tests95
4.5Transient Measurements98
5Constitutive Equations104
5.1Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour104
5.2Strain-Rate History Effects110
5.3Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour114
5.4Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals124
6Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands125
6.1Empirical Criteria125
6.2One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis134
6.3Localization Analysis140
6.4Experimental Verification146
7Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands155
7.1Post-Instability Phenomena156
7.2Scaling and Approximations162
7.3Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation167
7.4The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands171
7.5Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology179
7.6Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States187
8Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands194
8.1Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations194
8.2One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding199
8.3Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods213
8.4Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State218
9Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics229
9.1Planar Impact230
9.2Fragmentation237
9.3Penetration244
9.4Erosion255
9.5Ignition of Explosives261
9.6Explosive Welding268
10Selected Topics in Metalworking273
10.1Classification of Processes273
10.2Upsetting276
10.3Metalcutting286
10.4Blanking293
 Appendices297
AQuick Reference298
BSpecific Heat and Thermal Conductivity301
CThermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence312
DMaterials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands335
ESpecification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands341
FConversion Factors357
 References358
 Author Index369
 Subject Index375

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Traz o texto atualizado dos dispositivos constitucionais e e legais que fundamentam a legislação sobre meio ambiente no Brasil.

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Four groups of fin clipped brown trout (Salmo trutta) fingerlings were planted in Hot Creek over a six year period. Survival and growth were estimated by fall and/or spring mark-and-recapture surveys. Yield to the angler for two of the tour groups stocked was estimated by stratified random creel surveys. Fingerling survival from the midsummer stocking period to fall averaged 51 %. Overwinter survival from young-of-the-year to yearling fish averaged 49%. Angler harvest of two groups of fingerlings stocked at densities of 16,082 fish/mile averaged 1,704 trout/mile (10.6%) and 194 lbs/acre. Abundant cover and microhabitat suitable tor young trout, ice-free winters, and rapid growth were factors viewed as contributing to high yields. Results do not suggest a change is needed in the general policy of not stocking brown trout fingerlings in California streams. Results do show that fingerlings stocked in Hot Creek, and presumably other productive streams with abundant cover, can effectively fill a void created by limited recruitment. (PDF contains 24 pages.)

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A new set of experimental data of subcooled pool boiling on a thin wire in rnicrogravity aboard the 22nd Chinese recoverable satellite is reported in the present paper. The temperature-control led heating method is used. The results of the experiments in normal gravity before and after the flight experiment are also presented, and compared with those in microgravity. The working fluid is degassed R113 at 0.1 MPa and subcooled by 26 degrees C nominally. A thin platinum wire of 60 mu m in diameter and 30 mm in length is simultaneously used as heater and thermometer. It is found that the heat transfer of nucleate pool boiling is slightly enhanced in microgravity comparing with those in normal gravity. It is also found that the correlation of Lienhard and Dhir can predict the CHF with good agreement, although the range of the dimensionless radius is extended by three or more decades above the originally set limit. Three critical bubble diameters are observed in microgravity, which divide the observed vapor bubbles into four regimes with different sizes. Considering the Marangoni effect, a qualitative model is proposed to reveal the mechanism underlying the bubble departure processes, and a quantitative agreement can also be acquired.

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Effects of Basudine and Gammalin 20 on the fingerlings of Aphyosemin gairdneri were investigated using static bioassays and continuous aeration over a period of 48 hours. The 48 hours LC sub(50) of the exposed fish to Basudine and Gammalin 20 were determined to be 194.99 mu g dm super(3) and 95.50 mu g dm super(3) respectively. Gammalin 20 was more toxic than Basudine. The behavioural responses observed include agitation, erratic swimming, loss of equilibrium, period of quiescence and death. It is concluded that repeated applications of these herbicides should be avoided before stocking ponds with fish

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The effects of light duration on the growth and performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were investigated using artificial methods to simulate continuous day length and absolute darkness. The normal day length (12-H Light and 12-H Darkness) served as the control. Among some of the factors affected by the varying photoperiods there were body coloration, feeding efficiency, survival rate and Specific Growth Rate (SGR). There was notably no significant difference between the SGR of the 0-photoperiod culture and the control (P>0.05) but there was significant difference between the 0-photoperiod and the 24-H photoperiod experiment (P<0.05). The haematological profile analysed showed various degrees of changes in the blood parameters of fish cultured under different photoperiods. These changes however, did not show significant differences when subjected to statistical analysis