988 resultados para 194-1195
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Fernão Lopes foi o primeiro cronista-mor do Reino de que se tem notícia certa e um grande cronista português, aliás, segundo Robert Southey, "o maior cronista de todas as épocas e nações”. Pouco se sabe sobre sua origem, tendo-se 1380 como o ano provável de seu nascimento e 1460 como o de sua morte. Nada se conhece dos primeiros quarenta anos de sua vida. Em 1418 foi nomeado guarda do arquivo da Torre do Tombo, em Lisboa. Foi secretário de D. João I desde, pelo menos, 1419 até o seu falecimento deste monarca, em 1433, e , depois, de seu sucessor, D. Duarte. Em 1422 exerceu a função de escrivão da puridade do Infante D. Fernando. Tudo leva a crer que tenha escrito a história de Portugal desde a fundação do Reino e as crônicas de todos os seus reis até D. João I. Chronica del Rey D. Joam I de boa memoria, e do reys de Portugal o decimo foi publicada, postumamente, em 1644, em dois tomos, mas em apenas um volume. Esta obra consta de 3 partes, com os seguintes títulos: Parte I: em que se contém a defensão do reino até ser eleito rei; Parte II: em que se continuam as guerras com Castlella, desde o princípio do seu reinado até às pazes; Parte III: crônica da tomada de Ceuta. As duas primeiras foram escritas por Fernão Lopes. A terceira foi escrita por Gomes Eanes de Zurara nascido, aproximadamente, em 1410 e falecido em 1474, sucessor de Lopes, como primeiro cronista e guarda-mor da Torre do Tombo. No exemplar que a Biblioteca da Câmara possui estão encadernadas apenas as duas primeiras partes, com a segunda parte tendo início no Capítulo 194. Segundo Inocêncio, os exemplares publicados em 1644 são raros, embora a edição não tenha sido feita com o cuidado necessário e exista nas principais bibliotecas de Lisboa. Obra Manuscrita.
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En : I.Idiazabal, Inés M. García (eds.)(2007). Ahozko hizkuntza. Euskeraren azterketarako eta didaktikarako zenbait lan, Bilbo, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
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Empresas estatais e privadas terão o mesmo tratamento na área fiscal. Tem início a votação na Comissão de Sistematização do Título 7, que trata da ordem econômica e financeira. O Deputado Francisco Dornelles (PFL-RJ) afirma que a emenda aprovada que amplia a atividade econômica, garante a todo cidadão o direito de exercer uma atividade econômica, desde que não haja vedação constitucional ou legal, e não admite que a prática seja proibida por portarias ou atos administrativos. O Deputado Paes Landim (PFL-PI) tenta aprovar sem sucesso, emenda que exclui do texto o conceito de empresa nacional. Já o Deputado Haroldo Lima (PCdoB-BA) propôs emenda estabelecendo que a empresa nacional só poderia ser dirigida por brasileiros. Mas, foi mantido o texto do substitutivo do Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM), que considera empresa nacional aquela cujo capital pertence a cidadãos domiciliados no país. O Deputado Joaquim Sucena (PMDB-MT) aprova emenda com objetivo de fortalecer a empresa nacional. Aprovada emenda que dá tratamento diferenciado a empresa nacional em relação à aquisição de bens e serviços.O Deputado Osvaldo Lima Filho (PMDB-PE) comenta que a emenda visa fortalecer a empresa nacional. Quadro Constituição: a grande mudança - populares afirmam sua confiança nos constituintes. Aprovado destaque do Deputado Aluízio Campos (PMDB-PB), estebelecendo que empresas estatais e suas subsidiárias só poderão ser criadas com aprovação do Congresso Nacional. Rejeitado destaque do Deputado César Maia ( PDT-RJ) que propunha suprimir o parágrafo 2º do artigo 194, que dá tratamento igual a empresas privadas e estatais quanto a isenções fiscais. O Senador Marcondes Gadelha (PFL-PB) é contra a isenção fiscal para estatais, pois sem o privilégio as estatais são obrigadas a funcionarem de modo efetivo.
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Raquel Merino Álvarez, José Miguel Santamaría, Eterio Pajares (eds.)
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本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值;介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。
目录
- §1.1 板壳弯曲断裂问题
- §1.2 Kirchhoff经典板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.3 Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.4 Kirchhoff与Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论的比较
- §1.5 含裂纹有限尺寸板壳断裂分析的局部-整体法
- §1.6 含表面裂纹板壳
- §2.1 Kirchhoff板的基本概念和基本假定
- §2.2 基本公式与弹性曲面微分方程
- §2.3 边界条件
- §2.4 弹性薄板的应变能
- §2.5 极坐标下的挠曲面微分方程与内力公式
- §2.6 裂纹尖端场特征展开式通项公式
- §2.7 Kirchhoff板弯曲应力强度因子
- §3.1 基本方程和公式的复变函数表示
- §3.2 所引入函数的确定程度与一般形式
- §3.3 坐标变换与边界条件
- §3.4 运用保角变换方法求解孔口问题
- §3.5 应力强度因子与函数Φ(z)的关系
- §3.6 复变-主部分析法之应用简例
- §3.7 共直线裂纹问题的一般解答
- §3.8 典型弯曲裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §3.9 共圆曲线裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §4.1 裂纹尖端奇异元的位移模式与弯曲应力强度因子
- §4.2 裂纹尖端奇异元的刚度矩阵
- §4.3 裂纹尖端奇异元与常规单元的连接
- §4.4 解析法与数值法的结果比较与讨论
- §4.5 两共线半无限裂纹问题的定解条件及解的实用价值
- §5.1 Reissner型板的基本假定
- §5.2 Reissner型板的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.3 基本方程的简化
- §5.4 边界条件
- §5.5 极坐标下的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.6 两种平板理论用于无裂纹板时的比较
- §5.7 两种乎板理论用于含裂纹板时的比较
- §6.1 基本方程和一般求解方法
- §9.1 局部-整体法与其它解析和数值法的结果比较
- §9.2 边界对应力强度因子的影响
- §9.3 板的支承条件及长宽比的影响
- §9.5 计算Reissner型板应力强度因子的一组近似方程与近似解法
- §9.4 Reissner型板理论与Kirchhoff板理论所得应力强度因子的比较
- §9.6 关于数值计算的几点讨论
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Table of Contents
1 | Introduction | 1 |
1.1 | What is an Adiabatic Shear Band? | 1 |
1.2 | The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 6 |
1.3 | Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur | 10 |
1.4 | Historical Aspects of Shear Bands | 11 |
1.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps | 14 |
1.6 | Scope of the Book | 20 |
2 | Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 24 |
2.1 | General Features | 24 |
2.2 | Deformed Bands | 27 |
2.3 | Transformed Bands | 28 |
2.4 | Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding | 35 |
2.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals | 44 |
3 | Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands | 54 |
3.1 | Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture | 54 |
3.2 | Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands | 57 |
3.3 | Metallurgical Implications | 69 |
3.4 | Effects of Stress State | 73 |
4 | Testing Methods | 76 |
4.1 | General Requirements and Remarks | 76 |
4.2 | Dynamic Torsion Tests | 80 |
4.3 | Dynamic Compression Tests | 91 |
4.4 | Contained Cylinder Tests | 95 |
4.5 | Transient Measurements | 98 |
5 | Constitutive Equations | 104 |
5.1 | Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 104 |
5.2 | Strain-Rate History Effects | 110 |
5.3 | Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 114 |
5.4 | Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals | 124 |
6 | Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 125 |
6.1 | Empirical Criteria | 125 |
6.2 | One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis | 134 |
6.3 | Localization Analysis | 140 |
6.4 | Experimental Verification | 146 |
7 | Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands | 155 |
7.1 | Post-Instability Phenomena | 156 |
7.2 | Scaling and Approximations | 162 |
7.3 | Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation | 167 |
7.4 | The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 171 |
7.5 | Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology | 179 |
7.6 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States | 187 |
8 | Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 194 |
8.1 | Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations | 194 |
8.2 | One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding | 199 |
8.3 | Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods | 213 |
8.4 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State | 218 |
9 | Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics | 229 |
9.1 | Planar Impact | 230 |
9.2 | Fragmentation | 237 |
9.3 | Penetration | 244 |
9.4 | Erosion | 255 |
9.5 | Ignition of Explosives | 261 |
9.6 | Explosive Welding | 268 |
10 | Selected Topics in Metalworking | 273 |
10.1 | Classification of Processes | 273 |
10.2 | Upsetting | 276 |
10.3 | Metalcutting | 286 |
10.4 | Blanking | 293 |
Appendices | 297 | |
A | Quick Reference | 298 |
B | Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity | 301 |
C | Thermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence | 312 |
D | Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 335 |
E | Specification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 341 |
F | Conversion Factors | 357 |
References | 358 | |
Author Index | 369 | |
Subject Index | 375 |
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Traz o texto atualizado dos dispositivos constitucionais e e legais que fundamentam a legislação sobre meio ambiente no Brasil.
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Four groups of fin clipped brown trout (Salmo trutta) fingerlings were planted in Hot Creek over a six year period. Survival and growth were estimated by fall and/or spring mark-and-recapture surveys. Yield to the angler for two of the tour groups stocked was estimated by stratified random creel surveys. Fingerling survival from the midsummer stocking period to fall averaged 51 %. Overwinter survival from young-of-the-year to yearling fish averaged 49%. Angler harvest of two groups of fingerlings stocked at densities of 16,082 fish/mile averaged 1,704 trout/mile (10.6%) and 194 lbs/acre. Abundant cover and microhabitat suitable tor young trout, ice-free winters, and rapid growth were factors viewed as contributing to high yields. Results do not suggest a change is needed in the general policy of not stocking brown trout fingerlings in California streams. Results do show that fingerlings stocked in Hot Creek, and presumably other productive streams with abundant cover, can effectively fill a void created by limited recruitment. (PDF contains 24 pages.)
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194 p.
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A new set of experimental data of subcooled pool boiling on a thin wire in rnicrogravity aboard the 22nd Chinese recoverable satellite is reported in the present paper. The temperature-control led heating method is used. The results of the experiments in normal gravity before and after the flight experiment are also presented, and compared with those in microgravity. The working fluid is degassed R113 at 0.1 MPa and subcooled by 26 degrees C nominally. A thin platinum wire of 60 mu m in diameter and 30 mm in length is simultaneously used as heater and thermometer. It is found that the heat transfer of nucleate pool boiling is slightly enhanced in microgravity comparing with those in normal gravity. It is also found that the correlation of Lienhard and Dhir can predict the CHF with good agreement, although the range of the dimensionless radius is extended by three or more decades above the originally set limit. Three critical bubble diameters are observed in microgravity, which divide the observed vapor bubbles into four regimes with different sizes. Considering the Marangoni effect, a qualitative model is proposed to reveal the mechanism underlying the bubble departure processes, and a quantitative agreement can also be acquired.
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Effects of Basudine and Gammalin 20 on the fingerlings of Aphyosemin gairdneri were investigated using static bioassays and continuous aeration over a period of 48 hours. The 48 hours LC sub(50) of the exposed fish to Basudine and Gammalin 20 were determined to be 194.99 mu g dm super(3) and 95.50 mu g dm super(3) respectively. Gammalin 20 was more toxic than Basudine. The behavioural responses observed include agitation, erratic swimming, loss of equilibrium, period of quiescence and death. It is concluded that repeated applications of these herbicides should be avoided before stocking ponds with fish
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The effects of light duration on the growth and performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were investigated using artificial methods to simulate continuous day length and absolute darkness. The normal day length (12-H Light and 12-H Darkness) served as the control. Among some of the factors affected by the varying photoperiods there were body coloration, feeding efficiency, survival rate and Specific Growth Rate (SGR). There was notably no significant difference between the SGR of the 0-photoperiod culture and the control (P>0.05) but there was significant difference between the 0-photoperiod and the 24-H photoperiod experiment (P<0.05). The haematological profile analysed showed various degrees of changes in the blood parameters of fish cultured under different photoperiods. These changes however, did not show significant differences when subjected to statistical analysis