Broadband near-infrared emission from transparent Ni2+-doped sodium aluminosilicate glass ceramics

Broadband neat-infrared emission from transparent Ni2+-doped sodium aluminosilicate glass-cermaics is observed. The broad emission is centered at 1290 nm and covers the whole telecommunication wavelength region (1100-1700 nm) with full width at half maximum of about 340 nm. The observed infrared emission could be attributed to the T-3(2)(F) -> (3)A(2)(F) transition of octahedral Ni2+ ions that occupy high-field sites in nanocrystals. The product of the lifetime and the stimulated emission cross section is 2.15 x 10(-24) cm(2)s. It is suggested that Ni2+-doped sodium aluminosilicate glass ceramics have potential applications in tunable broadband light sources and broadband amplifiers.

La2O3对氧化铝透明陶瓷显微结构和透光性能的影响

采用传统无压烧结工艺在氢气氛下制备Al2O3透明陶瓷。实验结果表明：MgO和La2O3复合添加时，随着La2O3掺杂量的增加体积密度总体上保持上升的趋势。随着保温时间的延长，陶瓷的致密化程度增大，残余气孔逐步排出，晶粒进一步长大。采用La2O3和MgO复合添加比单独掺入MgO陶瓷样品透过率更高，掺杂效果更好。在烧结温度为1750℃，保温时问为1h条件下，在波艮为300～800nm测试范围内，陶瓷样品的全透过率大于82％，最大值为86％。

Diode-pumped passively q-switched Nd : YAG ceramic laser with a Cr4+: YAG crystal-satiable absorber

Transparent polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics were fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering a mixture of commercial Al2O3,Y2O3, and Nd2O3 powders. The powders were mixed in ethanol and doped with 0.5 wt% tetraethoxysilane, dried, and pressed. Pressed samples were sintered at 1750 degrees C in vacuum. Transparent fully dense samples with average grain sizes of 10 mu m were obtained. The 1 at.% Nd:YAG ceramic was used to research passively Q-switched laser output with a Cr4+:YAG crystal as a saturable absorber. An average output power of 94 mW with a pulse width of 50 ns was obtained when the incident pump power was 750 mW. The slope efficiency was 13%. The pulse energy is 5 mu J, and the peak power is about 100 W.

Diode-pumped Yb : YAG ceramic laser

Transparent polycrystalline Yb:YAG ceramics were fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering a mixture of commercial Al2O3, Y2O3, and Yb2O3 powders. The powders were mixed in ethanol and doped with 0.5 wt% tetraethoxysilane, dried, and pressed. Pressed samples were sintered at 1730 degrees C in vacuum. Transparent fully dense samples with grain sizes of several micrometers were obtained. The phase from 1500 degrees to 1700 degrees C was important for the grain growth, in which the grains grew quickly and a mass of pores were eliminated from the body of the sample. Annealing was an important step to remove the vacancies of oxygen and transform Yb2+ to Yb3+. The 1 at.% Yb:YAG ceramic sample was pumped by a diode laser to study the laser properties. The maximum output power of 1.02 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 25% at 1030 nm. The size of the lasering sample was 4 mm x 4 mm x 3 mm.

《中国植物志》的编研

植物志的编研是植物学研究领域的基础性工作。植物志既是记载植物“身份"的"户口簿"，又是记录和研究植物特征的重要"信息库"。《中国植物志》编研以大规模野外考察与标本采集为基础，以丰富的信息记载为核心，系统研究这些信息并编撰成科学志书，是一项百科全书式的系统工程。《中国植物志》历经四代植物分类学家41年(1918-1959)的准备、45年(1959-2004)的编研，由312位作者和164位绘图人员通力协作完成（其中科学院院士10位），并于2004年全部出版（中文名和拉丁学名的索引于2006年出版）。在编研过程中，采集和查阅植物标本1700余万份，发表新属及新属名称243个，发表新种及新种名称14312个，提出了新的裸子植物和被子植物分类系统，对属、种划分和系统排列进行了深入研究。《中国植物志》是世界上已出版的规模最大和内容最丰富的植物志书，全书5000多万字，总计80卷126册，记载中国维管束植物301科、3408属、31142种，包括9080幅图版，详细总结、记录、澄清了中国所有已知植物的科学名称、研究历史、形态特征、地理分布、系统位置、物种生境、物候期和经济用途等。《中国植物志》是中国半个世纪以来植物学研究的标志性成果。它查明了中国植物资源的基本状况，对科学家深入认识植物世界具有重要学术价值，对陆地生态系统研究将起到重要促进作用，为合理开发利用植物资源提供了重要的科学依据，中国植物学科研和教学队伍也因此得到了壮大，出现了一批享誉国际的优秀植物分类学家。《中国植物志》是植物学研究领域一项开拓性、创新性、系统性、基础性工程，它的完成促进了中国植物学的健康发展，也带动了生物学相关学科的进步，必将对中国和全球生物多样性的可持续发展做出重大贡献并产生深远影响。

《中国植物志》的编研

植物志的编研是植物学研究领域的基础性工作。植物志既是记载植物“身份"的"户口簿"，又是记录和研究植物特征的重要"信息库"。《中国植物志》编研以大规模野外考察与标本采集为基础，以丰富的信息记载为核心，系统研究这些信息并编撰成科学志书，是一项百科全书式的系统工程。《中国植物志》历经四代植物分类学家41年(1918-1959)的准备、45年(1959-2004)的编研，由312位作者和164位绘图人员通力协作完成（其中科学院院士10位），并于2004年全部出版（中文名和拉丁学名的索引于2006年出版）。在编研过程中，采集和查阅植物标本1700余万份，发表新属及新属名称243个，发表新种及新种名称14312个，提出了新的裸子植物和被子植物分类系统，对属、种划分和系统排列进行了深入研究。《中国植物志》是世界上已出版的规模最大和内容最丰富的植物志书，全书5000多万字，总计80卷126册，记载中国维管束植物301科、3408属、31142种，包括9080幅图版，详细总结、记录、澄清了中国所有已知植物的科学名称、研究历史、形态特征、地理分布、系统位置、物种生境、物候期和经济用途等。《中国植物志》是中国半个世纪以来植物学研究的标志性成果。它查明了中国植物资源的基本状况，对科学家深入认识植物世界具有重要学术价值，对陆地生态系统研究将起到重要促进作用，为合理开发利用植物资源提供了重要的科学依据，中国植物学科研和教学队伍也因此得到了壮大，出现了一批享誉国际的优秀植物分类学家。《中国植物志》是植物学研究领域一项开拓性、创新性、系统性、基础性工程，它的完成促进了中国植物学的健康发展，也带动了生物学相关学科的进步，必将对中国和全球生物多样性的可持续发展做出重大贡献并产生深远影响。

武钢一米七轧机高速冷轧工艺润滑油的研制

应武钢冷轧厂一米七高速冷轧机要求，我所用非食用植物油脂为原料研制而成，产品达到国外同类产品水平。五机架连轧机轧制极薄板最高轧速1800米/分，轧制成品表面质量要求严格，对轧制油性能要求特苛，因此，结合本国植物资源情况，选取资源较多的乌桕油等为原料，取代产量有限的棕榈油等进行研制。在实验室和小轧机试验成功的基础上，经有关厂四次中试，产品先后在粤，沪两轧钢厂进行四次工业轧制试验，1979年由武汉脂化厂试产，再次证明其生产工艺符合工业生产要求，经武钢冷轧厂使用，效果良好，在轧速超过1700米/分轧机轧制考核，其轧制、脱脂性能和成品表面质量同进口棕桐油轧制无差异，符合五机架冷轧机要求，且油品生产工艺路线成熟，三废处理简单。

Brca1 is expressed in human microglia and is dysregulated in human and animal model of ALS

Background: There is growing evidence that microglia are key players in the pathological process of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is suggested that microglia have a dual role in motoneurone degeneration through the release of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic factors. Results: To identify candidate genes that may be involved in ALS pathology we have analysed at early symptomatic age (P90), the molecular signature of microglia from the lumbar region of the spinal cord of hSOD1(G93A) mice, the most widely used animal model of ALS. We first identified unique hSOD1(G93A) microglia transcriptomic profile that, in addition to more classical processes such as chemotaxis and immune response, pointed toward the potential involvement of the tumour suppressor gene breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (Brca1). Secondly, comparison with our previous data on hSOD1(G93A) motoneurone gene profile substantiated the putative contribution of Brca1 in ALS. Finally, we established that Brca1 protein is specifically expressed in human spinal microglia and is up-regulated in ALS patients. Conclusions: Overall, our data provide new insights into the pathogenic concept of a non-cell-autonomous disease and the involvement of microglia in ALS. Importantly, the identification of Brca1 as a novel microglial marker and as possible contributor in both human and animal model of ALS may represent a valid therapeutic target. Moreover, our data points toward novel research strategies such as investigating the role of oncogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases.

Avaliação de aditivos para remoção catalítica de SOx em unidades de fcc

Os óxidos de enxofre (SOx) são um dos maiores poluentes atmosféricos e um dos precursores da chuva ácida. Um levantamento feito na Petrobrás mostrou que cerca de 17% dos SOx emitidos numa refinaria são oriundos do processo de FCC. Com o avanço dos controles ambientais, traduzido numa legislação mais restritiva, a técnica de incorporação de aditivos para remoção de SOx em UFCCs apresenta-se como a alternativa de menor custo frente outras tecnologias de abate das emissões de SOx. No presente trabalho, foram estudados aditivos constituídos por compostos derivados de hidrotalcitas com a substituição parcial do magnésio e do alumínio por cobre e/ou manganês, sendo estes impregnados ou não por dióxido de cério. Estes aditivos foram submetidos a testes de desempenho em uma unidade multi-propósito acoplada a um micro-GC/TCD. Em todos os testes, a corrente gasosa para a etapa de adsorção oxidativa foi de 1700 ppm de SO2 e 1,5% O2 em He e, para a etapa de regeneração, 30% H2/He. No primeiro conjunto de testes, realizou-se uma adsorção a 720C de 10 min e regeneração com um patamar a 530C, seguido de um TPR até 800C. Observou-se que as amostras impregnadas com cério apresentaram o melhor desempenho na remoção de SO2, indicando que o cério pode ter um papel de promotor da oxidação de SO2 a SO3. Os resultados do TPR mostram que as amostras com cério e com manganês parecem apresentar menores temperaturas de redução dos sulfatos, apesar das maiores liberações de H2S serem identificadas nas amostras com cobre. No segundo conjunto de testes, a adsorção foi a 720C durante 35 min e a regeneração a 650C por 5 minutos em um patamar de 5 minutos, seguida de um TPR até 800C. Para os tempos de sulfatação curtos (5 e 10 min), os resultados confirmaram o efeito positivo que a incorporação de CeO2 apresenta sobre a adsorção oxidativa do SO2. Todavia, para tempos de reação maiores (35 min), não se observou uma correlação clara entre a composição química do catalisador e a quantidade total de SOx removida. Os aditivos foram ainda testados em ciclos de reação-regeneração em condições equivalentes ao segundo conjunto de testes descrito. De um modo geral, os aditivos que contêm cobre têm uma vida útil superior aos demais, possivelmente, pelo fato do cobre ter importante papel na regeneração do aditivo

The Great Whales: History and Status of Six Species Listed as Endangered Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973

In the history of whaling from prehistoric to modern times, the large whales, sometimes called the “great whales,” were hunted most heavily owing in part to their corresponding value in oil, meat, and baleen. Regional populations of North Atlantic right whales, Eubalaena glacialis glacialis, were already decimated by 1700, and the North Atlantic gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus, was hunted to extinction by the early 1700’s (Mitchell and Mead1).

Biographic Memoir of Ernest Ingersoll: Naturalist, Shellfish Scientist, and Author

The name Ernest Ingersoll is well-known to many shellfishery biologists as the author of two outstanding monographs on the shellfisheries of the United States and Canada in the 1880's. The first (Ingersoll, 1881a), entitled "A Report on the Oyster-Industry of the United States," was a 252-page description of historical and contemporary oyster fishing' marketing methods, and statistical data in the eastern provinces of Canada and the coastal states of the United States. The second (Ingersoll, 1887), entitled "The Oyster, Scallop, Clam, Mussel, and Abalone Industries," was a l20-page summary of the first monograph about oysters as well as a history and description of contemporary methods and statistical data of the other shellfisheries. Although Ingersoll was, by profession, a naturalist and author but only briefly a shellfish scientist, these monographs are regarded as benchmarks, providing the principal descriptions of shellfisheries in North America in the 1700's and 1800's.