982 resultados para 153-923


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A las costas bonaerenses llega en en verano ese típico representante de la fauna sudbrasileña, cuyo estudio consideramos de interés por ser el único bagre que en cierta cantidad suele ser capturado en Mar del Plata y Necochea cuando se realiza la pesca de especies de interés comercial. Damos la sinonimia, descripción y distribución de la especie y, como contribución a su conocimiento, el estudio anatómico del aparato digestivo.

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Los fenómenos de descentralización productiva y de fragmentación de las estructuras empresariales generan problemas para articular la protección de los trabajadores a través de representaciones colectivas a nivel de empresa. El legislador ha tomado conciencia de esas dificultades y ha introducido algunos mecanismos correctores. Este estudio analiza con detalle el libro registro, como obligación documental en los supuestos de subcontratación y que sirve de apoyo a los derechos de información y las facultades de vigilancia de los representantes de los trabajadores en la empresa y las novedades en materia de coordinación de actividades entre representantes de los trabajadores de diferentes empresas en los supuestos de desarrollo de actividades en un mismo espacio físico.

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Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo

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Artikulu honek garapenaren politika ekonomiko ezberdinek, XX. mendearen erdi aldetik aurrera, garapen ekonomikoari buruz azaldu dituzten ekarpen esanguratsuenen laburpen bat aurkeztea du helburu. Horretarako,Garapenaren Teoria Ekonomikoarekin zerikusia duten paradigma ezberdinak defendatzen dituzten pentsamendu korronte batzuen ezaugarri nagusienak landuko dira, besteak beste: herrialde baten industrializazioa ezinbesteko irtenbide moduan planteatzen duen Modernizazioaren Teoria; Teoria Estrukturalista, modernizazioaren alternatiba moduan sortu zen eskola heterodoxoa, lehenengo aldiz Zentro-Periferia sistemaren ideia planteatu zuena; Garapenaren Teoria Neoliberala, azpigarapena Estatuaren partehartzearen ondorioz sortzen den merkatuaren funtzionamendu ezegokiak eragiten duen egoera bezala ulertzen duena; eta, Garapenari buruzko Hautabidezko Teoriak, orokorrean, banakakoen oinarrizko beharrak asetzearen garrantzia azpimarratzen dituztenak.

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As a component of a three-year cooperative effort of the Washington State Department of Ecology and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, surficial sediment samples from 100 locations in southern Puget Sound were collected in 1999 to determine their relative quality based on measures of toxicity, chemical contamination, and benthic infaunal assemblage structure. The survey encompassed an area of approximately 858 km2, ranging from East and Colvos Passages south to Oakland Bay, and including Hood Canal. Toxic responses were most severe in some of the industrialized waterways of Tacoma’s Commencement Bay. Other industrialized harbors in which sediments induced toxic responses on smaller scales included the Port of Olympia, Oakland Bay at Shelton, Gig Harbor, Port Ludlow, and Port Gamble. Based on the methods selected for this survey, the spatial extent of toxicity for the southern Puget Sound survey area was 0% of the total survey area for amphipod survival, 5.7% for urchin fertilization, 0.2% for microbial bioluminescence, and 5- 38% with the cytochrome P450 HRGS assay. Measurements of trace metals, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, other organic chemicals, and other characteristics of the sediments, indicated that 20 of the 100 samples collected had one or more chemical concentrations that exceeded applicable, effects-based sediment guidelines and/or Washington State standards. Chemical contamination was highest in eight samples collected in or near the industrialized waterways of Commencement Bay. Samples from the Thea Foss and Middle Waterways were primarily contaminated with a mixture of PAHs and trace metals, whereas those from Hylebos Waterway were contaminated with chlorinated organic hydrocarbons. The remaining 12 samples with elevated chemical concentrations primarily had high levels of other chemicals, including bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, and phenol. The characteristics of benthic infaunal assemblages in south Puget Sound differed considerably among locations and habitat types throughout the study area. In general, many of the small embayments and inlets throughout the study area had infaunal assemblages with relatively low total abundance, taxa richness, evenness, and dominance values, although total abundance values were very high in some cases, typically due to high abundance of one organism such as the polychaete Aphelochaeta sp. N1. The majority of the samples collected from passages, outer embayments, and larger bodies of water tended to have infaunal assemblages with higher total abundance, taxa richness, evenness, and dominance values. Two samples collected in the Port of Olympia near a superfund cleanup site had no living organisms in them. A weight-of-evidence approach used to simultaneously examine all three “sediment quality triad” parameters, identified 11 stations (representing 4.4 km2, 0.5% of the total study area) with sediment toxicity, chemical contamination, and altered benthos (i.e., degraded sediment quality), 36 stations (493.5 km2, 57.5% total study area) with no toxicity or chemical contamination (i.e., high sediment quality), 35 stations (274.1 km2, 32.0% total study area) with one impaired sediment triad parameter (i.e., intermediate/high sediment quality), and 18 stations (85.7km2, 10.0% total study area) with two impaired sediment parameters (i.e., intermediate/degraded quality sediments). Generally, upon comparison, the number of stations with degraded sediments based upon the sediment quality triad of data was slightly greater in the central Puget Sound than in the northern and southern Puget Sound study areas, with the percent of the total study area degraded in each region decreasing from central to north to south (2.8, 1.3 and 0.5%, respectively). Overall, the sediments collected in Puget Sound during the combined 1997-1999 surveys were among the least contaminated relative to other marine bays and estuaries studied by NOAA using equivalent methods. (PDF contains 351 pages)

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This document provides an overview of topical issues in Asian aquaculture for 2003, including a review of its status, progress in research and development, major issues and experiences, together with suggestions on actions for addressing opportunities and constraints. The document has been prepared by NACA and FAO to facilitate discussions at the 15th NACA Governing Council meeting, hosted by the Government of Sri Lanka on 21st-25th April 2004. The final version will be widely circulated as the editors hope it will prove a useful document for all involved in aquaculture, and related fishery development in the Asia-Pacific region. Pending feedback on this 2003 document, further reviews may be considered by NACA and FAO as a way of bringing together regularly in one publication relevant and key issues facing development of aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region. (PDF contains 153 pages)

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Raquel Merino Álvarez, José Miguel Santamaría, Eterio Pajares (eds.)

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This book elucidates the methods of molecular gas dynamics or rarefied gas dynamics which treat the problems of gas flows when the discrete molecular effects of the gas prevail under the circumstances of low density, the emphases being stressed on the basis of the methods, the direct simulation Monte Carlo method applied to the simulation of non-equilibrium effects and the frontier subjects related to low speed microscale rarefied gas flows. It provides a solid basis for the study of molecular gas dynamics for senior students and graduates in the aerospace and mechanical engineering departments of universities and colleges. It gives a general acquaintance of modern developments of rarefied gas dynamics in various regimes and leads to the frontier topics of non-equilibrium rarefied gas dynamics and low speed microscale gas dynamics. It will be also of benefit to the scientific and technical researchers engaged in aerospace high altitude aerodynamic force and heating design and in the research on gas flow in MEMS

  • 目次内容                                                                
[1]  Molecular structure and energy states (21)  
 
[2]  Some basic concepts of kinetic theory (51)  
 
[3]  Interaction of molecules with solid surface (131)  
 
[4]  Free molecular flow (159)  
 
[5]  Continuum models (191)  
 
[6]  Transitional regime (231)  
 
[7]  Direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) method (275)  
 
[8]  Microscale slow gas flows, information preservation method (317)  
 
[App. I]  Gas properties (367)  
 
[App. II]  Some integrals (369)  
 
[App. III]  Sampling from a prescribed distribution (375)  
 
[App. IV]  Program of the couette flow (383)  
 
Subject Index (399)  

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Adiabatic shear localization is a mode of failure that occurs in dynamic loading. It is characterized by thermal softening occurring over a very narrow region of a material and is usually a precursor to ductile fracture and catastrophic failure. This reference source is the first detailed study of the mechanics and modes of adiabatic shear localization in solids, and provides a systematic description of a number of aspects of adiabatic shear banding. The inclusion of the appendices which provide a quick reference section and a comprehensive collection of thermomechanical data allows rapid access and understanding of the subject and its phenomena. The concepts and techniques described in this work can usefully be applied to solve a multitude of problems encountered by those investigating fracture and damage in materials, impact dynamics, metal working and other areas. This reference book has come about in response to the pressing demand of mechanical and metallurgical engineers for a high quality summary of the knowledge gained over the last twenty years. While fulfilling this requirement, the book is also of great interest to academics and researchers into materials performance.

Table of Contents

1Introduction1
1.1What is an Adiabatic Shear Band?1
1.2The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands6
1.3Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur10
1.4Historical Aspects of Shear Bands11
1.5Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps14
1.6Scope of the Book20
2Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands24
2.1General Features24
2.2Deformed Bands27
2.3Transformed Bands28
2.4Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding35
2.5Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals44
3Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands54
3.1Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture54
3.2Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands57
3.3Metallurgical Implications69
3.4Effects of Stress State73
4Testing Methods76
4.1General Requirements and Remarks76
4.2Dynamic Torsion Tests80
4.3Dynamic Compression Tests91
4.4Contained Cylinder Tests95
4.5Transient Measurements98
5Constitutive Equations104
5.1Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour104
5.2Strain-Rate History Effects110
5.3Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour114
5.4Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals124
6Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands125
6.1Empirical Criteria125
6.2One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis134
6.3Localization Analysis140
6.4Experimental Verification146
7Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands155
7.1Post-Instability Phenomena156
7.2Scaling and Approximations162
7.3Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation167
7.4The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands171
7.5Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology179
7.6Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States187
8Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands194
8.1Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations194
8.2One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding199
8.3Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods213
8.4Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State218
9Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics229
9.1Planar Impact230
9.2Fragmentation237
9.3Penetration244
9.4Erosion255
9.5Ignition of Explosives261
9.6Explosive Welding268
10Selected Topics in Metalworking273
10.1Classification of Processes273
10.2Upsetting276
10.3Metalcutting286
10.4Blanking293
 Appendices297
AQuick Reference298
BSpecific Heat and Thermal Conductivity301
CThermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence312
DMaterials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands335
ESpecification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands341
FConversion Factors357
 References358
 Author Index369
 Subject Index375

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《材料和结构的动态响应》是我国爆炸力学、冲击动力学领域的专家、教授、学者们为祝贺爆炸力学、冲击动力学专家王礼立教授七十华诞而撰写的一部学术著作,从不同的角度展示了我国乃至国际上近年来在该领域所取得的知识创新成果及学科发展动向,为促进爆炸力学、冲击动力学的理论创新和科技进步,造福人类,做出积极努力。

目录

王礼立教授传
王礼立教授的论著目录
延性层裂的若干理论问题
一级可逆相变材料中冲击相边界的传播
含粘弹界面相的颗粒增强复合材料的动态有效性质
基于考虑气泡内压的微孔塑料本构模型
高速侵彻力学中改进的Tate工程分析方法
不规则蜂窝结构面内冲击性能的数值研究
SHPB与混凝土材料动态力学性能研究
国产C30混凝土考虑率型微损伤演化的改进的Johnson-Cook强度模型
霍普金森压杆实验中的脉冲整形技术
微爆索线性切割航空有机玻璃的实验研究
混凝土及钢纤维增强混凝土的震塌破坏
微爆索线性切割航空有机玻璃的实验研究
混凝土及钢纤维增强混凝土的震塌破坏

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Identification problems are common for many sharks due to a general lack of meristic characteristics that are typically useful for separating species. Other than number of vertebrae and number and shape of teeth, identifications are frequently based on external features that are often shared among species. Identification problems in the field are most prevalent when live specimens are captured and releasing them with a minimum of stress is a priority (e.g., shark tagging programs). Identifications must be accurate and conducted quickly but this can be challenging, especially if specimens are very active or too large to be landed without physical damage. This field guide was designed primarily for use during field studies and presents a simplified method for identifying the 21 species of western North Atlantic Ocean sharks belonging to the family Carcharhinidae (carcharhinids). To assist with identifications a dichotomous key to Carcharhinidae was developed, and for the more problematic Carcharhinus species (12 species), separation sheets based on important distinguishing features were constructed. Descriptive text and illustrations provided in the species accounts were developed from field observations, photographs, and published references. (PDF file contains 36 pages.)

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目录