Defining Īśvara: A New Perspective in the Hermeneutics of Classical Yoga

The mere presence of the term īśvara in Patañjali’s Yogasūtra has come to affect the meaning of both the path and the goal of Classical Yoga as well as the meaning of the term Yoga itself. The frequent translation of the term īśvara as God leads to the system of Classical Yoga to be labeled as theistic, particularly obscuring the interpretation of īśvarapraṇidhāna, a functional component of the system, as well as perpetuating a syncretic trend that has led to the popular understanding of Yoga as ‘union with the divine’. From identifying problematic hermeneutical trends and their underlying causes, as well as understanding the term within the constraints of the original text in its original Sanskrit, the term īśvara emerges as the archetype of an ultimate reality functioning as a practical and experiential tool providing the yogi with a direct glimpse of its true nature.

Programme d’exercice en douceur basé sur le yoga Bali chez les personnes atteintes d’insuffisance cardiaque : les premiers pas

L’insuffisance cardiaque (IC) est un problème d’importance grandissante lié à des perturbations des systèmes nerveux autonome, immunitaire, et cardiovasculaire. Ces perturbations contribuent à plusieurs symptômes physiques et psychologiques invalidants. La recherche faite jusqu’ici sur des programmes d’exercice basés sur le yoga a démontré des résultats préliminaires assez prometteurs en IC. Néanmoins, il reste des lacunes à combler dans la littérature face aux populations testées, à la combinaison des mesures physiques et psychologiques, au suivi du traitement à la maison et à la perception des symptômes au quotidien. Ce projet pilote a donc pour objectif de développer un programme d’exercice complémentaire basé sur le yoga adapté aux patients souffrant d’IC, d’en mesurer la faisabilité et l’acceptabilité en plus d’obtenir des données préliminaires quant à l’impact de cette intervention à réduire la symptomatologie physique et psychologique et d’améliorer la qualité de vie (QV) de ces patients. Les deux premiers participants recrutés dans le cadre de l’étude pilote font l’objet de ce mémoire. Ils ont pris part à huit séances hebdomadaires de yoga Bali, couplé de psychoéducation et méditation tous données à l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal par une instructrice certifiée dans la méthode BALI. L’élaboration des outils nécessaires au déroulement du programme, y compris le manuel d’enseignement et le DVD, la faisabilité d’une collaboration avec le personnel médical et évidement l’évaluation des effets du programme en soit sur les symptômes physiques et psychologique s sont parmi les sujets abordés. Les résultats, quoique préliminaires, semblent tendre vers une amélioration des corrélats physiologiques liés à l’insuffisance cardiaque, notamment l’activité du système nerveux autonome tel que témoigné par la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque, et l’inflammation indiqué par le niveau de CRP sanguin.

Yoga and loss: an autoethnographical exploration of grief, mind, and body

The author explores her experience of yoga as a therapeutic tool in recovering from the impact of losing a close friend to suicide. The benefits of yoga include improved emotional self-regulation, a more positive relationship with self, and the emergence of a new personal physical reality. An autoethnographical approach permits a necessarily ambiguous and messy in-depth exploration of yoga as a resource for well-being. Nevertheless, it is hoped that it will serve as a means of promoting further study into the role of cultural resources, particularly body-based practices, as means of coming to terms with traumatic loss.

Taming the wild elephant : yoga, cognition and emotion

Yoga tradition suggests that the nature of being is awarenes - being aware of the effects of thoughts and feelings, beliefs and emotions. Yoga Philosophy appreciates the life-effects of perception. Yoga promotes a way of being that ultimately transcends basic thoughts and wants, moving beyond, to a state of observer awareness - something the Indian sage Patanjali describes as the process of apperception, where the perceiver is aware of the act of perceiving. This paper looks at the complex relationship between an individual's wellbeing, cognitive processes and emotional life. It explores the principles of mindfulness as a vehicle for emotional balance and investigates the link between Yoga, cognition and emotion. It looks at the physiological influence of cognition and emotion and critiques Yogic philosophy alongside Western cognitive-emotive theories such as Erich Fromm's 'art of being' and the insights presented in Robert C. Solomon's various works on emotional life. This paper also explores the work of other theorists, such as; Patanjali, Aristotle, Georg Feuerstein, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Purushottama Bilimoria and others.

Lymphedema after breast or gynecological cancer : use and effectiveness of mainstream and complementary therapies

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the use, as well as perceived effectiveness, of mainstream and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in the treatment of lymphedema following breast or gynecological cancer. Further, the study assessed the relationship between the characteristics of lymphedema (including type, severity, stability, and duration), and the use of CAM and/or mainstream treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of women with lymphedema following breast and gynecological cancers. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 247 potentially eligible women. Of those returned (50%), 23 were ineligible and 6 were excluded due to level of missing data. Results: In the previous 12 months, the majority of women (90%) had used mainstream treatments to treat their lymphedema, with massage being the most commonly used (86%). One (1) in 2 women had used CAM to treat their lymphedema, and 98% of those using CAM were also using mainstream treatments. Over 27 types of CAM were reported, with use of a chi machine, vitamin E supplements, yoga, and meditation being the most commonly reported forms. The perceived effectiveness ratings (1–7 with 7 = completely effective) of mainstream(mean – standard deviation (SD): 5.3 – 1.5) and CAM therapies (mean – SD: 5.2 + 1.6) were considered high. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that mainstream and CAM treatment use is common, varied, and considered to be effective among women with lymphedema following breast or gynecological cancer. Furthermore, it highlights the immediate need for larger prospective studies assessing the inter-relationship between the use of mainstream and CAM therapies for treatment success.

Health promotion

The ‘promotion of health’ has become everybody’s business: from the marketers of ‘healthy’ products and lifestyles, and gym memberships; government media campaigns to ‘Go for 2&5®’ (fruit and vegetables every day), special ‘extra’ benefits for joining a private health insurance fund and workplace ‘wellness’ programs that include yoga and pilates. For consumers, the list is endless. Health professionals need to understand the background to this growth in the promotion of ‘health’ and the place health promotion plays in public health. We begin this chapter with a discussion on health education, we then trace the evolution of health promotion from health education, the strategies and settings for health promotion, and conclude with challenges for health promotion. Case studies, activities and reflections on the material are presented to assist you.

An analysis of sun salutation

Sun salutation is a part of yoga. It consists of a sequence of postures done with synchronized breathing. The practice of few cycles of sun salutation is known to help in maintaining good health and vigor. The practice of sun salutation does not need any extra gadgets. Also it is very much aerobic and invigorates the body and the mind.

Structural characterization and molecular order of rodlike mesogens with three- and four-ring core by XRD and C-13 NMR spectroscopy

Structural characterizations using XRD and C-13 NMR spectroscopy of two rodlike mesogens consisting of (i) three phenyl ring core with a polar cyano terminal and (ii) four phenyl ring core with flexible dodecyl terminal chain are presented. The three-ring-core mesogen with cyano terminal exhibits enantiotropic smectic A phase while the four-ring mesogen reveals polymesomorphism and shows enantiotropic nematic, smectic C, and tilted hexatic phases. The molecular organization in the three-ring mesogen is found to be partial bilayer smectic Ad type, and the interdigitation of the molecules in the neighboring layers is attributed to the presence of the polar terminal group. For the four-ring mesogen, the XRD results confirm the existence of the smectic C and the tilted hexatic mesophases. A thermal variation of the layer spacing across the smectic C phase followed by a discrete jump at the transition to the tilted hexatic phase is also observed. The tilt angles have been estimated to be about 45 degrees in the smectic C phase and about 40 degrees in tilted hexatic phase. C-13 NMR results indicate that in the mesophase the molecules are aligned parallel to the magnetic field. From the C-13-H-1 dipolar couplings determined from the 2D experiments, the overall order parameter for the three-ring mesogen in its smectic A phase has been estimated to be 0.72 while values ranging from 0.88 to 0.44 have been obtained for the four-ring mesogen as it passes from the tilted hexatic to the nematic phase. The orientations of the different rings of the core unit with respect to each other and also with respect to the long axis of the molecule have also been obtained.

Las puertas de la India : consideraciones sobre la indología moderna

Resumen: El presente trabajo pretende ser una introducción al pensamiento de la India. Comienza considerando el desarrollo de la Indología, en sus distintas etapas y corrientes metodológicas, e incluye una precisión sobre estos estudios en la Argentina. Luego de centrarse en la perspectiva hermenéutica, se detallan las épocas de la tradición clásica de la India y las características básicas de su espiritualidad. La autora se adentra a continuación en cuatro nociones que pueden comprenderse como portales de acceso al mundo Indio: mâyâ, karma, yoga y moksha. A la luz de estas nociones tan específicas, la conclusión plantea el diálogo entre disciplinas y culturas como vía para comprender la profunda interdependencia del mundo.

Art as an educative and social tool

Since remote times, certain sectors of society have been exposed to inequality and vulnerability, where adequate intervention processes have become conspicuous because of their absence. Nowadays, current societies have the responsibility of contributing, based on their experience and knowledge, with more efficient policies and programs that improve the life quality of the most disadvantaged. It is here where art and its different tools play a very important role, not only on a physical level, but also as an education tool that allows the development of emotional, mental and communicative skills. The aim of this paper is to make clear the potential of art as an instrument of social and educational intervention. It starts by showing worldwide-collected experience related to education and arts, and then, it acquaints the reader with two parallel intervention projects that worked with youths under social vulnerability conditions. These interventions were developed based on a qualitative research (Grounded theory), using as methodology “The Artistic Mediation” with emphasis on body language. This methodology helped researchers to get close to the participants and to know their experiences and emotions. At the same time, it was possible to evidence the positive effects of educative interventions through art. These workshops were based on an artistic methodology especially focused on body language. Data in this work is qualitative, and as such, it permits a special approach to the personal and emotional experiences of the participants; clearly showing the positive effects of the referenced practice on them.

Com muito gosto. Alimentação saudável, vida saudável

Em Portugal, as tradições culinárias e gastronómicas são muito diversificadas. No Algarve, os ingredientes da culinária são muito variados, incluem os produtos da horta, do quintal, da agricultura industrial, da capoeira, da pecuária, da mariscagem e da pesca. Estes produtos variados são consumidos em natureza, cozinhados em fresco ou processados por métodos de conservação, que tanto podem ser a aplicação atual de práticas milenares, como acontece no fumeiro tradicional como constituir verdadeiras inovações da tecnologia alimentar.

Os dias da horta. Performance, activismo e identidade entre os novos hortelões urbanos de Lisboa

Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Antropologia - Culturas Visuais

The effect of acute exercise type on body image attitudes

The current study examined the effect of two types of acute exercise (resistance and mind-body yoga) on state body image attitudes, to see which, was most effective at reducing body image concerns. I t was hypothesized that both types of exercise would lead to improvements in body image, with yoga showing the biggest benefits. Collegeaged female non/infrequent exercisers (n = 40) completed state measures of body satisfaction, social physique anxiety (SPA), and appearance orientation prior to and following participation in a single yoga and resistance class. Participation in the yoga class was associated with decreases in SPA and increases in body satisfaction. However, participation in the resistance class was associated with no changes in any of the study variables. These findings indicate participation in a single yoga class may have positive effects on body image attitudes, which may encourage non-exercisers to become more active.

Étude de l’impact d’un programme d’activité physique (Amazone) auprès de femmes en traitement pour un cancer du sein

Le cancer du sein est la forme de cancer la plus souvent diagnostiquée chez les femmes. Elles doivent vivre avec des séquelles qui nuisent à leur qualité de vie. Plusieurs études ont montré les bienfaits de l’activité physique (AP) sur les composantes physiques et psychologiques des patientes. Toutefois, elles réduisent souvent leur pratique d'AP suite aux traitements en raison de la détérioration de leur condition physique. Or, le maintien à long terme de la pratique d’AP est essentiel pour en conserver les bénéfices. La première section du mémoire présente une recension des écrits sur les bienfaits de l’AP auprès des femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et la seconde rend compte d'une étude expérimentale ayant pour objectif d'évaluer l’impact d’un programme d’AP sur le sentiment d’efficacité personnel et sur le plaisir associé à la pratique d'AP. Une enquête de suivi a été menée trois mois après la fin du programme afin d’évaluer le maintien à long terme de la pratique d'AP. L'étude a été réalisée auprès de 18 patientes en cours de traitement. Le groupe expérimental a suivi un programme supervisé d’AP combiné à des séances de counseling sur une période de 16 semaines. Le groupe témoin avait la possibilité de suivre un programme de yoga. Nos résultats indiquent une amélioration statistiquement significative des trois composantes mesurées, soit le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle, le plaisir à faire de l'AP et le maintien de la pratique après la participation au programme.

La escuela, espacio común de convivencia.

Seleccionado en la convocatoria: Ayudas para proyectos de temática educativa, Gobierno de Aragón 2008-09