Mecanismo de tolerância a falhas através de escalonamento para uma arquitetura reconfigurável de grão grosso

The continuous evolution of integrated circuit technology has allowed integrating thousands of transistors on a single chip. This is due to the miniaturization process, which reduces the diameter of wires and transistors. One drawback of this process is that the circuit becomes more fragile and susceptible to break, making the circuit more susceptible to permanent faults during the manufacturing process as well as during their lifetime. Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs) have been used as an alternative to traditional architectures in an attempt to tolerate such faults due to its intrinsic hardware redundancy and high performance. This work proposes a fault tolerance mechanism in a CGRA in order to increase the architecture fault tolerance even considering a high fault rate. The proposed mechanism was added to the scheduler, which is the mechanism responsible for mapping instructions onto the architecture. The instruction mapping occurs at runtime, translating binary code without the need for recompilation. Furthermore, to allow faster implementation, instruction mapping is performed using a greedy module scheduling algorithm, which consists of a software pipeline technique for loop acceleration. The results show that, even with the proposed mechanism, the time for mapping instructions is still in order of microseconds. This result allows that instruction mapping process remains at runtime. In addition, a study was also carried out mapping scheduler rate. The results demonstrate that even at fault rates over 50% in functional units and interconnection components, the scheduler was able to map instructions onto the architecture in most of the tested applications.

Fundamentos de los computadores

Los fundamentos, conceptos y modos de operación de estas máquinas tan comunes hoy en día, son los que tratamos de introducir y desentrañar en este texto. O con otras palabras, este libro está orientado a aquellas personas que alguna vez se han preguntado "¿Cómo es posible que los transistores y puertas lógicas que hay dentro de mi ordenador me permitan editar un archivo o ejecutar un programa que he escrito en Modula o en C?", pregunta, que por otro lado, esperamos se hayan planteado todos nuestros alumnos de asignaturas de introducción a los computadores. Aunque no son del todo necesarios, suponemos que el lector tiene algunos conocimientos de electrónica digital y programación. Pues bien, en este libro precisamente queremos cubrir el desnivel semántico que existe en un sistema computador entre esas dos materias (electrónica digital y lenguajes de alto nivel), contemplando el control microprogramado y cableado, el lenguaje ensamblador y los sistemas operativos, según desglosamos a continuación por temas.