Spectrophotometric flow-injection determination of sulphite in white wines involving gas diffusion through a concentric tubular membrane

A flow-injection system is proposed for the spectrophotometric determination of sulphite in white wines. The method involves analyte conversion to SO2, gas diffusion through a Teflon® semi-permeable membrane, collection into an alkaline stream (pH 8), reaction with Malachite green (MG) and monitoring at 620 nm. With a concentric tubular membrane, the system design was simplified. Influence of reagent concentrations, pH of donor and acceptor streams, temperature, timing, surfactant addition and presence of potential interfering species of the wine matrix were investigated. A pronounced (ca. 100%) enhancement in sensitivity was noted by adding cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The proposed system is robust and baseline drift is not observed during 4 h operating periods. Only 400 μL of sample and 0.32 mg MG are required per determination. The system handles 30 samples per hour, yielding precise results (r.s.d. < 0.015 for 1.0 - 20.0 mg L-1 SO2) in agreement with those obtained by an alternative procedure.

Acidentes infantis: relatos de diretores e professores de ensino fundamental e análise do material didático

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Características biológicas de Orius insidiosus alimentado com Aphis gossypii em algodão transgênico e convencional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Água subterrânea da microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Rico como fator de risco à saúde humana em propriedades rurais e urbanas no Município de Jaboticabal/SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dinâmica temporal da poluição fecal nas águas do Córrego Rico, manancial de abastecimento da cidade de Jaboticabal-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudos químicos e anatômicos de cascas de clones de Eucalyptus

The barks generated from the wood processing industries are wastes generated in significant quantities, becoming interesting to have basic studies of their anatomical and chemical properties in order to make better use of this material. This study aimed to carry out anatomical studies, chemical and tannins from the barks of commercial clones of Eucalyptus. For this, permanent histological slides for anatomical characterization and percentage of cellular elements were prepared; and cellular elements were dissociated for biometry of the elements. The analyses were related to chemical extractives, ash, lignin, suberin, sugars, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The tannins were extracted in pure water and with water mixed with sodium sulfite, and were subsequently evaluated the properties by FT-IR. It was verified by the anatomical characterization and chemical quantification, the similarity between the clones. Regarding the biometrics of cellular elements, statistically significant differences were not observed for the following parameters: length and diameter of sieve tube, axial parenchyma diameter, and rays hight. The yield of condensed tannins and Stiasny index for studied clones are low, showing the infeasibility of using bark for the extraction of tannins to produce adhesives, however tannins and other bioactive phenolic compounds can be used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors due to its antioxidant potential. The spectrum of tannins is the same as the one found the literature. Due to the high yield of verified sugar, (around 46,68%) sugars are potencial products, with a high yield of glucose , it is interesting for application in biorefinery.

Desenvolvimento de um sensor de amálgama sólido para a determinação de enxofre em microemulsões de biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Preparação e aplicações eletroanalítica de nanopartículas de pentaciano metais de transição

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise microbiológica e físico-química de material proteico comestível derivado do processamento da gordura oriunda do abate de bovinos

Background: The use of all by-products of bovine slaughter is of high economic importance for the industries of products of animal origin. Among these products, fat has an important role, once fat rendering may generate several different products, such as protein material that may be used in the manufacture of meat products. However, in spite of the importance that the use of all by-products has for the economic balance of the industry, there are no reports on their use in Brazil, or studies that supply data on microbiological and physical-chemical local standards for this protein. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of protein material obtained from fat rendering, as well as to provide support for companies to use fat rendering to generate protein material, adding value to industrialized meat products.Materials, Methods & Results: The experimental production of edible protein obtained of fat rendering was conducted in slaughterhouse with supervision of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Protein material was obtained in a continuous, humid heat system at high temperatures. Fat scraps containing protein were ground and cooked at high temperature (85 degrees C), and placed in a three phase decanter centrifuge. After centrifugation, protein material was ground again and packed. Samples were collected from 15 batches of protein material, and the following microbiological analyses were carried out: counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, coliforms at 35 degrees C, Escherichia coli, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, and Staphylococcus aureus, besides presence or absence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogens. The following physical-chemical analyses were also carried out: protein, total lipid, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, and energy content. Mean counts of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and coliforms at 35 degrees C were 4.17; 3.69 and 1.87 (log CFU/g), respectively. Levels of protein, total lipids, moisture, ashes and carbohydrates were 27.50; 7.83; 63.88%; 0.24%; and 0.55%, respectively, and energy content was 182.63 kcal/100g.Discussion: Results of microbiological analyses demonstrated that, although low, the final product showed to be contaminated. Contamination that occurred during the second grinding procedure may be an explanation for these bacterial counts. Also, the temperature used for fat fusion was not enough to eliminate thermoduric microorganisms. However, even with the presence of indicator microorganisms in the samples, none was contaminated by E. coli, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, S. aureus, Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. Physical-chemical analyses showed that the product had adequate nutritional quality. Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that protein material obtained in fat rendering showed characteristics that enable the use of this product as raw material for processed meat products. Besides, the present study was the first one to present scientific results in relation to edible by-products obtained in fat rendering, supplying important information for slaughterhouses and meat-processing plants. The study also produced relevant data on the innocuousness of the product, which may be used to guide decision-making of health inspectors.

Chemical Composition, Rumen Fermentation Kinetics, Digestibility and Energy Value of Cassava Leaves Hay at Different Storage Times

Cassava leaves have been widely used as a protein source for ruminants in the tropics. However, these leaves contain high level of hydro-cyanic acid (HCN) and condensed tannins (CT). There are evidences that making hay can eliminate more than 90% of HCN and that long-term storage can reduce CT levels. A complete randomized design with four replicates was conducted to determine the effect of different storage times (0-control, 60, 90 and 120 days) on chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics, digestibility and energy value of cassava leaves hay. Treatments were compared by analyzing variables using the GLM procedure (SAS 9.1, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) of the cassava hay were not affected (P > 0.05) by storage time (17.7% and 3.0%, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrate and non-fiber carbohydrate were not affected either (P>0.05) by storage time (47.5, 32.6, 72.3 and 25.8% respectively). However, other parameters were influenced. CT was lower (P<0.05) in hay after 120 days of storage compared with control (1.75% versus 3.75%, respectively). Lignin and insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergent, analyzed without sodium sulfite, were higher (P<0.01) after 120 days of storage, compared with the control (11.22 versus 13.57 and 1.65 versus 3.81% respectively). This suggests that the CT has bound to the fiber or CP and became inactive. Consequently, the in vitro digestibility of organic matter (50.36%), total digestible nutrients (44.79%) and energy (1.61 Mcal/KgMS), obtained from gas production data at 72 h of incubation, has increased (P<0.05) with storage times (56.83%, 51.53% and 1.86 Mcal/KgMS, respectively). The chemical composition and fermentative characteristics of cassava hay suffered variations during the storage period. The best values were obtained after 90 days of storage. This is probably due to the reduction in condensed tannins.

Geological and geophysical data integration for delimitation of mineralized areas in a supergene manganese deposits

Geophysical methods are widely used in mineral exploration. This paper discusses the results of geological and geophysical studies in supergene manganese deposits of southern Brazil. Mineralized zones as described in geological surveys were characterized as of low resistivity (20 Omega.m) and high chargeability (30ms), pattern found also in oxides and sulfite mineral deposits. Pseudo-3D modeling of geophysical data allowed mapping at several depths. A relationship between high chargeability and low resistivity may define a pattern for high grade gonditic manganese ore. Large areas of high chargeability and high resistivity may result in accumulation of manganese and iron hydroxides, due to weathering of the gonditic ore, dissolution, percolation and precipitation.

Sensores de amônia à base de polianilina preparados com impressora jato de tinta

Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o desenvolvimento de um sensor de gás amônia sobre substrato de papel, impresso por jato de tinta térmico. Para a realização do trabalho formulou-se uma “tinta”4 de polianilina (PANI), adequada para uso na impressora térmica. Neste tipo de impressão, é necessário que a tinta de PANI seja preparada de forma que a maior parte do seu volume seja de água. A PANI, em seu estado desdopado, foi dissolvida em n-metil-2-pirrrilidona (NMP), e com a adição de água em determinadas condições de preparo e proporção, foi possível formar uma tinta de PANI/NMP/H2O estável e adequada para o uso na impressora térmica, podendo-se assim depositar filmes de PANI sobre substratos flexíveis, como por exemplo, diversos tipos de papéis. Neste trabalho, tintas de PANI foram depositadas sobre papel comum (sulfite) e papel fotográfico (glossy). A caracterização morfológica, por microscopia ótica, indicou que a qualidade dos filmes foi satisfatória em termos de uniformidade e homogeneidade. A resistividade de superfície dos filmes de PANI, sobre substratos de papel sulfite e fotográfico, é da ordem de 1x109 / , quando desdopado, e 1x104 / , quando dopado com vapor de ácido clorídrico (HCl). As caracterizações elétricas AC sugerem que os filmes de PANI desdopados, sobre ambos os substratos, se comportam similarmente a um circuito equivalente RC, formado por um resistor e um capacitor em paralelo. Entretanto, após a dopagem tal representação deixa de ser válida. Medidas elétricas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise higiênico-sanitária de produtos cárneos comercializados na cidade de Botucatu

Brazil is one of the largest producers of animal protein. In 2010, the production of meat (beef, pork and poultry) was estimated at 24.5 million tons and 75% was consumed in the country. The meat is a primary source of water and fat and contains between 20% and 35% protein, providing all essential amino acids and several micronutrients and vitamins. Due to the large consumption of this food, its quality is extremely important and the research of some indicators microorganism become essential in order to ensure the hygienic and sanitary quality, indicating contamination of fecal origin, with the possible presence of pathogens or to identify food spoilage. Thus, the aim of study was to determine the microbiological quality of 90 samples handled meat products and pre- prepared marketed in Botucatu city, according to the parameters required by ANVISA (RDC  12, 2001). Among the samples analyzed, all of them were negative for Staphylococcus coagulase positive and were within the limit allowed by ANVISA for the Clostridium sulfite reducer (up to 3 x 103 CFU/ g). The presence of Salmonella was confirmed in only one sample (1.1%), against to the legal parameters. About thermotolerant coliforms, 54.4% of the samples were outside the acceptable limit by law (up to 5 x 103 MPN/g). Therefore, the presence of these microorganisms indicates inadequate hygiene conditions of foodhandlers and equipment used in the, which are considered inadequate for consumption

Análise microbiológica e parasitológica de alimentos servidos em escolas do ensino infantil e fundamental de uma cidade da região de São José do Rio Preto - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Direct preparation and characterization of copper pentacyanonitrosylferrate nanoparticles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)