Las abreviaciones del español usadas en lacomunicación mediada por ordenador por jóvenesmexicanos.

The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons why young people in Mexico useabbreviations, how abbreviations are used and what kind of abbreviations they use amongtheir group of friends. The study is conducted among a small sample of persons between 18 to30 years old and from one sociocultural group.We studied a group of 20 informants. In this group we included young people working as acashiers, warehouse workers, employees in stores, etc. These informants answered a writtenquestionnaire and we also analyzed 40 of their Facebook messages.In summary, it was noticed that the abbreviations were used because it is a fast way to writebecause they save time. According to the informants “It is fun and is easy to use them whenwriting their messages”. We could see that a few informants use them because it is a new wayof writing as well as considering it to be entertaining to write their messages. When analyzingtheir messages, we saw that these informants do not seem to have rules when writing theirabbrevations, they shorten the words in all forms and place them in any part of theirmessages. They often adapt their way of writing to the pronunciation of the words, similar tothe spoken language. Some words had influences from the caliche jargot (a variety ofcolloquial language used among young people in Mexico). The informants in this study areusing all kinds of abbreviations such as abbreviated words, acronyms and shortenings

Actitudes hacia la lengua náhuatl : Un estudio sociolingüístico con jóvenes de la Ciudad deMéxico.

Nahuatl is one of the indigenous languages in Mexico that is at risk of falling out of use. The research in the last years have showed that this occurs due to the low amount of Nahuatl speakers and the social stigma and discrimination towards the indigenous peoples, among other factors.The studies of language attitudes are relevant when making attempts to revitalize a language. As Mexico City authorities have considered to implement a revitalization project, we wanted to approach the real situation of Nahuatl in that city. Our purpose was to measure the attitudes of young people towards this language. By using a direct method –a questionnaire- we asked two groups of students if they agreed or disagreed with some items about Nahuatl and its speakers. One group had contact with Nahuatl speakers and but not the other one. We compared the results and they showed that the students who have contact with Nahuatl have more positive attitudes than those who don’t have any contact with it. This study also revealed that the reason why the first group showed positive attitudes was solidarity with the Nahuatl speakers. However, the both groups considered that speaking or learning Nahuatl cannot contribute to raise their status in the Mexican society.

Un estudio de la interferencia lingüística del uso del verboser + estado civil del castellano hablado por catalanes

This thesis aims to study the phenomenon of linguistic interference in the use of the verb ser in different marital status (single, married and divorced) in spanish spoken by catalans living in different territorial areas of Catalonia. Our theory is that individuals who reside in territorial areas where catalan is the most spoken language tend to use the verb ser + marital status rather than the verb estar + marital status due to the influence of catalan. We have used a quantitative methodology, i.e. we have collected data through a survey. The results of our study confirm our theory that individuals who reside in territorial areas where catalan is the most spoken language tend to use the verb ser + marital status rather than the verb estar + marital status due to the influence of catalan.

Contra todo pronóstico : Una interpretación de Las tres bodas de Manolita de Almudena Grandes desde la teoría de la resiliencia

Este trabajo analizará a la protagonista de la novela Las tres bodas de Manolita, de laescritora española Almudena Grandes, desde el punto de vista de la teoría psicológica de laresiliencia. Pretendemos comprender qué tipo de mecanismos y factores hacen que se puedaconsiderar a Manolita un personaje resiliente. Al tratarse de una interpretación del texto deGrandes se abordará el estudio siguiendo el método hermenéutico. Se basará el análisisindividual del personaje en los estudios, principalmente de observación, llevados a cabo por elpsicólogo británico Michael Rutter; y el análisis desde el punto de vista social o colectivo enlos estudios realizados por el psicólogo español Juan de Dios Uriarte. Las conclusiones denuestra investigación nos llevarán a confirmar que, siguiendo la teoría que se expone,Manolita presenta las características y actitudes individuales necesarias, además de una redsocial de apoyo, para superar los reveses tan graves que le acontecen durante la novela.

La picaresca en Mortadelo y Filemón

Mort and Phil (Mortadelo y Filemón) are one of the most famous Spanish comics in thehistory. As some of the characters of Spanish comic they have been sometimes described aspicaresque. The objective of our study is finding out if Mort and Phil play the role of thepicaro. Our study follows the hermeneutic method, taking into consideration the role of thecomic in Spanish society and the concept of picaresque novel. In order to carry out theanalysis, we will look for the characteristics of the picaresque in three stories of theadventures of Mort and Phil. Along the study we will notice the lack of consensus in order todecide what it can be considered a picaresque novel or what not besides showing allcharacteristics of picaresque are not present in this comic. Therefore, we conclude that Mortand Phil can not be considered a picaresque novel but it could be understood as a work ofpicaresque spirit.

Variação, contato e mudança linguística em Moçambique e Cabo Verde : A concordância variável de número em sintagmas nominais do português

This study investigates variable noun phrase number agreement (VNA) in two second language varieties of Portuguese, spoken in Maputo, Mozambique and in Mindelo, Cape Verde. Quantitative VARBRUL analysis is carried out based on recordings made in Maputo and Mindelo 2007 and 2008. Previous quantitative studies on VNA in varieties of Brazilian Portuguese (Guy, 1981; Lopes, 2001; Andrade, 2003) as well as on VNA in first and second language varieties of Portuguese from São Tomé (Baxter, 2004; Figueiredo, 2008, 2010) indicate contact between Portuguese and African languages as the main origin of this phenomenon. VNA in Brazilian Portuguese is, however, interpreted by Scherre (1988) and Naro & Scherre (1993, 2007) as the result of language internal drift. Varieties of Portuguese from Mozambique and Cape Verde are particularly interesting to contrast in order to investigate influences from African languages on VNA, as in Mozambique Bantu languages are first languages of the vast majority of Portuguese speakers, whereas in Cape Verde, practically all Portuguese speakers are first language speakers of Cape Verdean Creole, whose substrates are West African, and not Bantu, languages. Comparison is also made with previous studies from Brazil and São Tomé. The results of this study comment previously postulated explanations for VNA in Portuguese in various ways. The analysis of the variables onset age and age stratum indicates that VNA in the analyzed varieties is a phenomenon linked to the acquisition of Portuguese as a second language and/or language contact rather than the result of internal drift. The fact that all the compared varieties tend to mark plural on pre-head components contradicts Bantu transfer as an explanation for this pattern, and raises the need to also consider more general explanations based on language contact. The basic structural similarity between the compared varieties suggests the existence of a grammatical restructuring continuum.

Actitudes hacia el murciano : Un estudio comparativo de actitudes que presentan nativosmurcianos e hispanohablantes no peninsulares.

Murciano is a non-standard variety that is spoken in Murcia, a region in the southeast of Spain.This study aims to investigate which are the attitudes toward the variety from the dimensions ofsolidarity and status.We will use two groups of informants. One integrated by 20 natives from Murcia who use thevariety, and the other by 16 non-spanish-natives that have never been in contact with murciano.The intention with the study is to investigate which attitudes both groups show towardmurciano and analyse the differences and similarities between them. We expect the natives toshow positive attitudes in the dimension of solidarity, and negatives in the dimension of status.We expect the non-natives to show the same kind of attidudes toward both varieties (thestandard-spanish and murciano) while they have never been in contact with the non-standardand therefore should not have the sociocultural background that help people to create negativeattitudes toward non-standard varieties.The chosen method is an indirect one, and the used technique is the matched-guise. Theinformants listen to two different voices talking two times each: one in standard-spanish andone in murciano. After they have listened to one voice in one variety they answer 10 differentquestions to measure their attitudes in the both dimensions we aim to investigate. The resultsare analysed from the gender and the education variables.The results show that the natives attitudes toward murciano are positives from the solidaritydimension but negatives from the status one, results that confirm the first hypothesis. However,the study shows that the non-natives also have negative attitudes toward the variety in the statusdimension but positive toward the standard-spanish, which means that the second hypothesiswas wrong, something that could have been caused by the fact that all non-natives had a higheducational-level. Other studies show that education is a factor that can have a bearing onhaving negative attitudes toward non-standard varieties.

Cambios en el uso de la lengua meta en el aula tras la introducción de Lgy 11 : Una revisión sistemática de literatura con el objetivo de investigar si ha cambiado el uso de la lengua meta en la enseñanza de lenguas modernas tras la introducción de Lgy 11

Resumen: La tesina investiga si ha cambiado el uso de la lengua meta en la enseñanza de lenguas modernas en la escuela sueca tras el inicio de Lgy 11. El estudio se realiza a través de una revisión sistemática de literatura. Vemos que en nuestro campo de investigación faltan estudios profundos. Los estudios encontrados indican un aumento del uso de la lengua meta en el aula tras el inicio de Lgy 11. Sin embargo, en pocas situaciones parece cumplirse la norma que indica que todo lo esencial de la enseñanza debe realizarse en la lengua meta. Las unidades de gramática parecen ser el segmento de la enseñanza en el cual los profesores usan el sueco más extensamente. Según los estudios analizados solamente una profesora incorpora la lengua meta cuando enseña la gramática. No obstante, la mayoría de los profesores expresan que la gramática es una parte esencial de la enseñanza de lenguas modernas

La enseñanza y el uso de estrategias de aprendizajeen el ámbito de la comprensión lectora en español 3

Este estudio se basa en el plan de estudios sueco para bachillerato de español 3. Endicho documento se menciona que el contenido central de la enseñanza en el ámbitoreceptivo debe abordar estrategias que permitan desarrollar la percepción de detallesy comprensión del contexto, así como también adaptar la lectura a su forma decreación, contenido y finalidad. Esto nos indica que como educadores debemos tenerun conocimiento básico que nos permita implementar métodos que orienten alalumno en el uso y desarrollo de sus estrategias lingüísticas. Es por ello, que elobjetivo de este estudio es analizar estudios previos sobre estrategias de aprendizaje,identificar las posibles causas que impiden al alumno hacer uso de sus estrategias ylocalizar métodos que apoyen el desarrollo de las estrategias de aprendizaje. Através del análisis de la literatura base se han hallado los orígenes de las causas queimpiden a los alumnos hacer uso de sus estrategias, y también algunos métodos quefavorecen el desarrollo de dicho panorama. De ahí la importancia del desarrollo delas estrategias, cuyo propósito final es favorecer el alcance de las metas propuestasen el plan de estudio sueco.

Y ahora toca gramática…… : Un estudio cualitativo sobre las actitudes hacia lagramática y los métodos didácticosde unos profesores del bachillerato sueco

Grammar is one of the most discussed part of language learning. Many studentshave problems understanding how to use the grammatical forms in their ownproduction and communication. The purpose of this work is to investigate theteachers´ attitudes towards grammar and what methods they use when they teachgrammar. The method used in this work is qualitative, with four interviews ofteachers working in the Swedish high school. In order to determine how the teacherswork, we have studied the course plans presented by Skolverket and we have alsostudied what the current research have to say about this. The result shows that theinterviewed teachers mostly vary their methods, using both inductive and deductiveapproaches in order to promote the communicative competence of the students. Theinterviews also show that the teachers have a positive attitude towards grammar,considering it an important part of language learning.

Estudio comparativo de las actitudes hacia elmurciano.

The aim of this study is to measure and analyse the attitudes towards a linguisticvariety called murciano. This variety is a regional standard of Spanish, namely, theSpanish talked in Murcia, a city located in the South of Spain.There are two groups of informants in this study. The first group is composed of12 people from Murcia and the second group consists of 12 people who know thevariety of murciano but are not natives from the city of Murcia. The methodapplied is the indirect method matched guise. The informants listened to fourdifferent recordings of voices acting as either a Spanish speaking person or amurciano speaking person. Ten short questions related with the voices were askedto the informants, who gave their answers on a Likert attitude scale.The results show that the attitudes towards murciano and the standard Spanishdiffer in both groups of informants. The group of natives from Murcia show morepositive attitudes toward the variety murciano than the group of non-natives fromMurcia. However, when the results towards the variety murciano and the standardSpanish are compared with each other, it is the standard Spanish the one thatreceives more positive valuations. In addition, the observations show that thegroup of non-natives from Murcia are more critical and negative in their attitudestoward the different linguistic varieties than the group of natives from Murcia.

Frustración lorquiana : Metáforas y símbolos en La Casa de Bernarda Alba

El presente trabajo está orientado a detectar los símbolos y metáforas ambivalentes en la obraLa Casa de Bernarda Alba de Federico García Lorca. Debido a que hay pocos estudiosdedicados al simbolismo de la frustración, se ha concentrado en analizar dicha temática. Paraanalizar el concepto de frustración, primero ha sido necesario comprender cómo eraconcebida la moral de la época en que se inscribe la obra. En segundo lugar, ha sidofundamental entender cómo surge la frustración en el ser humano. Atendiendo a estascuestiones se ha aplicado la teoría del formalismo iluminista y una visión freudiana sobre lasteorías del psiquismo. En base a estas nociones se detectaron cuatro símbolos ambivalentesque connotan sentimientos de frustración: el blanco, el olivo, la maroma y el mar. Estossímbolos antitéticos contienen una fuerza negativa que se impone a la fuerza positiva, lo cualtiene como resultado la frustración. Las fuerzas contradictorias están presentes durante laobra entera. Esta característica no solo se manifiesta a través de los tropos estudiados, sinoque también se detectó que a menudo las fuerzas antitéticas se hacen presentes enprotagonistas que forman grupos ambivalentes, donde cada personaje actúa como una fuerzaopuesta, lo cual lleva hacia una tensión permanente entre una persona positiva y otranegativa.

Las picaduras de abeja : Un análisis retórico del humor en La Colmena de Camilo José Cela

El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar los rasgos humorísticos y figuras retóricas en La Colmena de Camilo José Cela. La tesina se basa en las teorías de la superioridad, de la descarga, de la incongruencia y las teorías sociológicas y antropológicas según el estudio de José Antonio Llera. Nuestra investigación ha examinado particularmente el humor negro, grotesco y la ironía presente en la obra de Cela. Hemos podido concluir y afirmar que Cela usa el humor y la ironía a través de descripciones grotescas las cuales forman parte de su critica social y como mecanismo de defensa. Hemos establecido que el autor usa el humor para reflejar su propia elección subjetiva de la realidad de la posguerra. Finalmente hemos constatado que el humor es algo añadido lo cual se muestra a través de sus comentarios omniscientes.

El sentimiento trágico en San Manuel Bueno, mártir : Una lucha contra la razón en búsqueda de la fe

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como fin analizar el pensamiento del autor Miguel de Unamuno para poder relacionarlo con los pensamientos del personaje del cura de la novela San Manuel Bueno, mártir. El objetivo es buscar la relación que existe entre el autor y el cura en lo que se refiere a los temas relacionados con la religión. Para este estudio se utilizará la metodología hermenéutica donde se analizará el pensamiento del autor en relación con el personaje San Manuel, basándose principalmente en el libro Del sentimiento trágico de la vida, uno de los libros más destacados sobre el pensamiento filosófico del autor. Al final, como una pequeña aportación a la tesis, se hablará de la posible misión profética que tuvo Unamuno en sus últimos años de vida que a través de sus obras quiso despertar la conciencia de sus lectores para que se unieran a la búsqueda de la verdadera fe.