Factors influencing the attitudes of cattle veterinarians, farmers, and claw trimmers towards the pain associated with the treatment of sole ulcers and the sensitivity to pain of dairy cows

This study assessed the attitudes of personnel involved in therapeutic claw trimming of dairy cattle in Switzerland towards pain associated with sole ulcers and their treatment. Data from 77 farmers, 32 claw trimmers, and 137 cattle veterinarians were used. A large range of factors were associated with whether the respondents thought that anaesthesia during the treatment of sole ulcers was beneficial; these included year of graduation, work experience, attitude to costs of analgesia, perception of competition between veterinarians and claw trimmers, estimation of pain level associated with treatment, estimated sensitivity of dairy cows to pain, knowledge of the obligation to provide analgesia, and whether the respondent thought lesion size and occurrence of defensive behaviour by the cow were important. Respondents' estimation of the pain level associated with sole ulcer treatment was linked to frequency of therapeutic claw trimming, age, farmers' income, estimated knowledge of the benefits of analgesia, and estimated sensitivity of dairy cows to pain. The latter factor was associated with profession, frequency of therapeutic claw trimming, capability of pain recognition, opinion on the benefits of analgesia, knowledge of the obligation to provide analgesia, and self-estimation of the ability to recognise pain. Improving the knowledge of personnel involved in therapeutic claw trimming with regard to pain in dairy cows and how to alleviate it is crucial if management of pain associated with treatment of sole ulcer and the welfare of lame cows are to be optimised.

5-year results of accelerated partial breast irradiation using sole interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy versus whole-breast irradiation with boost after breast-conserving surgery for low-risk invasive and in-situ carcinoma of the female breast: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.

BACKGROUND In a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial, accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) for patients with stage 0, I, and IIA breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving treatment was compared with whole-breast irradiation. Here, we present 5-year follow-up results. METHODS We did a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial at 16 hospitals and medical centres in seven European countries. 1184 patients with low-risk invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast-conserving surgery were centrally randomised to either whole-breast irradiation or APBI using multicatheter brachytherapy. The primary endpoint was local recurrence. Analysis was done according to treatment received. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00402519. FINDINGS Between April 20, 2004, and July 30, 2009, 551 patients had whole-breast irradiation with tumour-bed boost and 633 patients received APBI using interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy. At 5-year follow-up, nine patients treated with APBI and five patients receiving whole-breast irradiation had a local recurrence; the cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 1·44% (95% CI 0·51-2·38) with APBI and 0·92% (0·12-1·73) with whole-breast irradiation (difference 0·52%, 95% CI -0·72 to 1·75; p=0·42). No grade 4 late side-effects were reported. The 5-year risk of grade 2-3 late side-effects to the skin was 3·2% with APBI versus 5·7% with whole-breast irradiation (p=0·08), and 5-year risk of grade 2-3 subcutaneous tissue late side-effects was 7·6% versus 6·3% (p=0·53). The risk of severe (grade 3) fibrosis at 5 years was 0·2% with whole-breast irradiation and 0% with APBI (p=0·46). INTERPRETATION The difference between treatments was below the relevance margin of 3 percentage points. Therefore, adjuvant APBI using multicatheter brachytherapy after breast-conserving surgery in patients with early breast cancer is not inferior to adjuvant whole-breast irradiation with respect to 5-year local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival. FUNDING German Cancer Aid.

XV Simposio Nacional de Estudios Clásicos. 'Nihil novum sub sole'

Fil: Errecalde, Alejandro Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

XV Simposio Nacional de Estudios Clásicos. 'Nihil novum sub sole'

Fil: Errecalde, Alejandro Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Hic finis prebet[ur] operis sole[n]nis d[omi]ni Alexandri de Ales ordinis minoru[m] Theologi famosissimi super tertiu[m] sententia[rum] : quod p[er]opti[m]me [sic] eme[n]datum.

Tít. tomado del colofón en 2q7v

Practica iudiciaria / Ia[cobi] de bel[lo] visu sole[m]nis [et] iudicibus o[mn]ibus, aduocatisq[ue] [et] practicis cu[n]ctis nedu[m] vtilis[s]immo p[er]necessaria Practica Iudiciaria in materijs criminalib[us] ... Iacobi de bellouisu ; cu[m] additionib[us]

Ubaldi, Baldo degli, 1327-1400. Practica Baldi 1525 : perutilis ac vere aurea practica iuris vtriusq[ue] monarche ac luminis. Impressum Lugduni : in calcographia dilige[n]tissimi i[m]pressoris Iohannis Crespin, 1525, 17 Augusti. [12], XCVI h. Sign.: A8,

Practica iudiciaria / Ia[cobi] de bel[lo] visu sole[m]nis [et] iudicibus o[mn]ibus, aduocatisq[ue] [et] practicis cu[n]ctis nedu[m] vtilis[s]immo p[er]necessaria Practica Iudiciaria in materijs criminalib[us] ... Iacobi de bellouisu ; cu[m] additionib[us] celeberrimi d[omi]ni Honorati Pugeti ... ; Ad vngue[m] quoq[ue] p[er] Celsum Hugone[m] dissutu[m] …

Hojas imp. por ambas caras

Las obras del illustre señor don Antonio de gueuara, ... : primeramente vn sole[m]ne prologo y argumento, en que el auctor toca muchas hystorias y notables anisos [sic] ; Ite[m] vna decada d[e] cesares, ... ; Item vn libro de auiso de p[ri]uados y docrina

Sign.: [calderón]6, a-z8, [et]8, [cum]8, [rum]8, 2a8

Cautele Bartho [et] Cepolle : Incipiu[n]t sole[m]nes ac p[er]utiles tractatus memoriaq[ue] ac studio dignissimi egregij viri ... Bartholomei Cepolle videlicet.

Texto e índices a dos col. con apostillas marginales

Questio pardua d[e] sudore sa[n]guis [Christi] qua[m] Filipus iunior a sole [et] villa ... [Texto impreso]

Jaume Moll atribuye la obra al taller de Juan Viñao hacia 1525

The infringement of patents for inventions, not designs, with sole reference to the opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

Nuovi drammi satireschi : Il carro di Diòniso--La figlia del sole--Le donne d'Ulisse.

Mode of access: Internet.