902 resultados para soil mechanical resistance
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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This work illustrates a soil-tunnel-structure interaction study performed by an integrated,geotechnical and structural,approach based on 3D finite element analyses and validated against experimental observations.The study aims at analysing the response of reinforced concrete framed buildings on discrete foundations in interaction with metro lines.It refers to the case of the twin tunnels of the Milan (Italy) metro line 5,recently built in coarse grained materials using EPB machines,for which subsidence measurements collected along ground and building sections during tunnelling were available.Settlements measured under freefield conditions are firstly back interpreted using Gaussian empirical predictions. Then,the in situ measurements’ analysis is extended to include the evolving response of a 9 storey reinforced concrete building while being undercrossed by the metro line.In the finite element study,the soil mechanical behaviour is described using an advanced constitutive model. This latter,when combined with a proper simulation of the excavation process, proves to realistically reproduce the subsidence profiles under free field conditions and to capture the interaction phenomena occurring between the twin tunnels during the excavation. Furthermore, when the numerical model is extended to include the building, schematised in a detailed manner, the results are in good agreement with the monitoring data for different stages of the twin tunnelling. Thus, they indirectly confirm the satisfactory performance of the adopted numerical approach which also allows a direct evaluation of the structural response as an outcome of the analysis. Further analyses are also carried out modelling the building with different levels of detail. The results highlight that, in this case, the simplified approach based on the equivalent plate schematisation is inadequate to capture the real tunnelling induced displacement field. The overall behaviour of the system proves to be mainly influenced by the buried portion of the building which plays an essential role in the interaction mechanism, due to its high stiffness.
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Assessment of laser shock processing effects on mechanical resistance of thin dissimilar laser welded joints
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Nesta dissertação de Mestrado do programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Materiais é apresentado um estudo para a caracterização do concreto reforçado com fibras de polipropileno e de aço pela análise das imagens de microtomografia computadorizada por transmissão de raios X (μCT). Foram produzidos corpos de prova de concreto para determinar a sua resistência mecânica à compressão. As imagens foram obtidas no sistema Skyscan, modelo 1174, reconstruídas e analisadas. Foi possível observar na análise das imagens a estrutura da fibra de aço dispersa na matriz do concreto e quantificá-las pelo programa de análise de imagens Ctan e perceber um ganho na resistência mecânica em relação ao concreto sem fibras. Não foi feito a quantificação das amostras de fibras de polipropileno dispersas na matriz de concreto, mas foi observada a presença de aglomerados dessa fibra que resultaram na perda da resistência mecânica em relação ao concreto sem fibras.
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玉蝉花(Iris ensata)、山鸢尾(Iris setosa)、金脉鸢尾(Iris chrysographes)和西南鸢尾(Iris bulleyana)这四种国产野生无髯鸢尾的种子均存在休眠现象,然而萌发情况各异。通过大田实验、层积处理、离体胚培养、切割胚乳、剥离种皮、切割胚乳不同部位、对种子的珠孔端胚乳进行扫描电子显微镜观察和用Instron 5848微力材料实验机测量刺穿珠孔端结构所需要力,以及把离体胚放在PEG-6000的渗透液中来测试四种鸢尾种子胚的生长势等实验,发现:玉蝉花、山鸢尾、金脉鸢尾和西南鸢尾这四种鸢尾种子存在不同程度的休眠;胚不含萌发抑制剂,已经完成了生理成熟,不是这几种鸢尾休眠的障碍;鸢尾的种皮透水性良好,虽然种皮对萌发有一定的机械抑制作用,然而相对于珠孔端胚乳而言,对胚根伸长的阻力不大,因此不是种子休眠的主要因素。根据实验结果推测,鸢尾种子的胚乳含有萌发抑制剂,然而,珠孔端胚乳的机械束缚可能是鸢尾种子萌发延迟的主要原因。通过进一步的实验发现,玉蝉花和山鸢尾这两种鸢尾胚的生长势高于后两种鸢尾种子,然而,它们的珠孔端结构(胚乳和种皮)对胚伸长的束缚还不及后两者的一半,也就是说,鸢尾种子萌发与否主要取决于珠孔端胚乳对胚根伸长的机械束缚与胚根的生长势的力量的对比,当前者大于后者时,种子不能萌发,当珠孔端胚乳细胞的细胞壁解体或者这一部分被切割之后,珠孔端机械束缚等于或者小于胚的生长势时,种子萌发。
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采用方格网取样,利用经典统计学和地统计学方法,研究了三种不同观测尺度共5个研究区域,总面积为3.12km2褐土耕层土壤机械组成的空间变异性。经典统计特征量表明,不同尺度下褐土耕层土壤机械组成的样本数据存在着不同的差异性。变异函数结构分析显示,土壤机械组成的空间变异在各方向上具有不同变率,但均可通过线性变换而转换为各向同性的统一结构,属于几何各向异性结构;不同观测尺度上有着不同的空间结构特征,对不同空间结构的区域化变量确定了不同的理论模型参数,并绘制克立格图,给出不同观测尺度下满足独立取样的合理取样数目。较清晰地阐明了褐土耕层机械组成在不同尺度上的空间分布规律。为该地区其它土壤性质的空间变异性研究提供理论依据,并为精准农业土壤信息库提供参考。尝试应用地统计学方法对不同尺度进行外推估值,发现在不同观测尺度和不同地形条件下,不同观测变量有着不同的标准差临界值及最大外推估值尺度,外推估值方差随着外推尺度的增大而增大。运用地统计学外推估值可为解决尺度扩展提供一种有效的解决途径。
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2008