945 resultados para sintagma nominal


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Thermal cutting methods, are commonly used in the manufacture of metal parts. Thermal cutting processes separate materials by using heat. The process can be done with or without a stream of cutting oxygen. Common processes are Oxygen, plasma and laser cutting. It depends on the application and material which cutting method is used. Numerically-controlled thermal cutting is a cost-effective way of prefabricating components. One design aim is to minimize the number of work steps in order to increase competitiveness. This has resulted in the holes and openings in plate parts manufactured today being made using thermal cutting methods. This is a problem from the fatigue life perspective because there is local detail in the as-welded state that causes a rise in stress in a local area of the plate. In a case where the static utilization of a net section is full used, the calculated linear local stresses and stress ranges are often over 2 times the material yield strength. The shakedown criteria are exceeded. Fatigue life assessment of flame-cut details is commonly based on the nominal stress method. For welded details, design standards and instructions provide more accurate and flexible methods, e.g. a hot-spot method, but these methods are not universally applied to flame cut edges. Some of the fatigue tests of flame cut edges in the laboratory indicated that fatigue life estimations based on the standard nominal stress method can give quite a conservative fatigue life estimate in cases where a high notch factor was present. This is an undesirable phenomenon and it limits the potential for minimizing structure size and total costs. A new calculation method is introduced to improve the accuracy of the theoretical fatigue life prediction method of a flame cut edge with a high stress concentration factor. Simple equations were derived by using laboratory fatigue test results, which are published in this work. The proposed method is called the modified FAT method (FATmod). The method takes into account the residual stress state, surface quality, material strength class and true stress ratio in the critical place.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between fiscal deficits and interest rate in Brazil. An adaptation of Taylor’s Rule is tested and the data confirmed this relationship. Furthermore, evidence from a loanable funds model shows that a lower deficit can bring interest rate down. However, policy coordination is a key feature in this process.

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Rapport de recherche

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This paper studies a dynamic-optimizing model of a semi-small open economy with sticky nominal prices and wages. the model exhibits exchange rate overshooting in response to money supply shocks. the predicted variability of nominal and real exchange rates is roughly consistent with that of G7 effective exchange rates during the post-Bretton Woods era.

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Ce mémoire présente une étude de la morphologie de ce qui est généralement appelé le pluriel nominal du persan (parler de Téhéran) dans le cadre d’une théorie de la morphologie basée sur le mot : Whole Word Morphology, développée par Ford et Singh (1991). Ce modèle lexicaliste adopte une position plus forte que les modèles proposés par Aronoff (1976) et Anderson (1992) en n’admettant aucune opération morphologique sur des unités plus petites que le mot. Selon cette théorie, une description morphologique consiste en l’énumération des Stratégies de Formation de Mots (SFM), licencées chacunes par au moins deux paires de mots ayant la même covariation formelle et sémantique. Tous les SFM suit le même schéma. Nous avons répertorié 49 SFM regroupant les pluriels et les collectifs. Nous constatons qu’il est difficile de saisir le pluriel nominal du persan en tant que catégorie syntaxique et que les différentes « marques du pluriel » présentées dans la littérature ne constituent pas un ensemble homogène : elles partagent toutes un sens de pluralité qui cependant varie d’une interprétation référentielle à une interprétation collective non-référentielle. Cette étude vise la déscription de la compétence morphologique, ce qui ne dépend d’aucune considération extralinguistique. Nous argumentons notamment contre la dichotomie arabe/persan généralement admise dans la littérature. Nous avons également fourni des explications quant à la production des pluriels doubles et avons discuté de la variation supposée du fait d’un choix multiple de « marques du pluriel ».

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Since 1991 Colombia has had a market-determined Peso - US Dollar Nominal Exchange Rate (NER), after more than 20 years of controlled and multiple exchange rates. The behavior (revaluation / devaluation) of the NER is constantly reported in news, editorials and op-eds of major newspapers of the nation with particular attention to revaluation. The uneven reporting of revaluation episodes can be explained by the existence of an interest group particulary affected by revaluation, looking to increase awareness and sympathy for help from public institutions. Using the number of news and op-eds from a major Colombian newspaper, it is shown that there is an over-reporting of revaluation episodes in contrast to devaluation ones. Secondly, using text analysis upon the content of the news, it is also shown that the words devaluation and revaluation are far apart in the distribution of words within the news; and revaluation is highly correlated with words related to: public institutions, exporters and the need of assistance. Finally it is also shown that the probability of the central bank buying US dollars to lessen revaluation effects increases with the number of news; even though the central bank allegedly intervenes in the exchange rate market only to tame volatility or accumulate international reserves.

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En esta tesis se realiza un estudio contrastivo de la enseñanza del búlgaro a estudiantes cuya lengua materna es el español. La finalidad del trabajo es mostrar las semejanzas y diferencias del artículo, los demostrativos y los posesivos átonos entre el búlgaro y el español, tomando como eje su rendimiento como marcas de determinación nominal identificadora. El estudio se estructura en seis capítulos fundamentales: en el primero se recoge el planteamiento teórico de la investigación y en el último las conclusiones la misma. En cada uno de los restantes se recoge la descripción de los hechos lingüísticos primero en español, después en búlgaro y, finalmente, un análisis contrastado de los datos.. En el estudio del artículo, los demostrativos y los posesivos átonos como marcas de determinación nominal identificadota se abordan sus características morfológicas y su distribución en el sintagma con, al menos, un sustantivo explícito. Se describen y contrastan sus posibilidades combinatorias con otras unidades lingüísticas con valor actualizador (cuantificador universal, cuantificadores indefinidos, cuantificador distributivo, cuantificadores particulares y cuantificadores numerales) y su disposición lineal en el sintagma, tanto con respecto a estos otros elementos, como con relación al sustantivo explicitado en los marcos del sintagma..

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Expone el estudio de los problemas que, en la comunicación internacional, presentan los lenguajes de la filosofía y las ciencias, en concreto, cuando se materializan a través de la lengua alemana y española. Se acomete el estudio del grupo nominal alemán y la distribución de sus componentes en torno al núcleo nominal, atendiendo a las funciones semánticas que los modificadores asumen en el discurso filosófico y científico. Asimismo, se describen y analizan las resoluciones españolas típicas de los complejos nominales alemanes, ofreciendo pautas de actuación traslativa. El estudio se realiza siguiendo una metodología contrastiva y observando las exigencias metodológicas de la lingüística de corpus. Junto al propio estudio microdiscursivo de la caracterización nominal, se tienen en consideración los diferentes factores macro y mediodiscursivos que intervienen en la comunicación filosófica y científica hispano germánica en el ámbito de la traducción. El material que utiliza para establecer el corpus de referencia está formado por artículos filosóficos y científicos de procedencia alemana publicados en la Revista de Occidente, fundada por José Ortega y Gasset en 1923, y sus originales alemanes. El corpus paralelo FIALES (Filosofía Alemán-Español) reúne 77 binomios textuales y en torno a un millón de palabras. Los análisis realizados permiten llegar a una serie de conclusiones sobre la manera de conceptualizar y precisar términos en los textos filosóficos y científicos alemanes y sobre la manera de trasladarlos al español. Se constata que los sintagmas que contienen los conceptos analizados, solo caracterizados en un 60 por ciento de los casos. Se observa que los recursos lingüísticos especializados en alemán para la explicación de la función semántica de clase no se centran exclusivamente en el adjetivo, sino que incluyen la construcción de genitivo y los compuestos nominales. En cambio, en español si cabe contemplar al adjetivo como un recurso lingüístico especializado en la función de clase, probablemente a causa de la doble capacidad de posicionamiento respecto al núcleo. Por último, el uso reiterado de ciertas construcciones en la traducción de los recursos lingüísticos alemanes, permite postular el uso central de un recurso español frente a otros concurrentes en la traducción. En definitiva, se puede constatar que las traducciones españolas han dado respuesta a la creación incesante del lenguaje filosófico y científico alemán en campos tan dispares como la física, la psicología y la filosofía.

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In this paper we analyse mixed compounds, such as legume+winkel ‘vegetable shop, greengrocery’ and winter+paletot ‘winter coat’ which contain a French and a Dutch element, and French nominal groups, such as carte d’identité ‘identity card’, and journal parlé ‘radio news’, which bilingual speakers from Brussels frequently insert into Brussels Dutch utterances. Using Muysken’s (2000) typology of bilingual speech, we claim that the mixed compounds and the nominal groups display the characteristics of insertional code-mixing. In addition, some evidence for the existence of a continuum between borrowing and code-switching can be obtained from these examples. As the multimorphemic units that are inserted into Dutch are neither single words, nor full constituents, their status in the lexicon raises interesting issues for researchers interested in the interface between syntax and the lexicon (see also Backus 2003). We try to argue that nominal groups such as carte d’identité and journal parlé are probably best seen as lexical templates or constructional idioms (Booij, 2002b). The insertion of French constructional idioms in Brussels Dutch represents an innovation in the lexical patterns that are available to speakers of this language, which is highly relevant for theories of language change.

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Schools have a legal duty to make reasonable adjustments for disabled pupils who experience barriers to learning. Inclusive approaches to data collection ensure that the needs of all children who are struggling are not overlooked. However, it is important that the methods promote sustained reflection on the part of all children, do not inadvertently accentuate differences between pupils, and do not allow individual needs to go unrecognized. This paper examines more closely the processes involved in using Nominal Group Technique to collect the views of children with and without a disability on the difficulties experienced in school. Data were collected on the process as well as the outcomes of using this technique to examine how pupil views are transformed from the individual to the collective, a process that involves making the private, public. Contrasts are drawn with questionnaire data, another method of data collection favoured by teachers. Although more time-efficient this can produce unclear and cursory responses. The views that surface from pupils need also to be seen within the context of the ways in which schools customize the data collection process and the ways in which the format and organization of the activity impact on the responses and responsiveness of the pupils.